The Journal of Plant Science Research

ISSN: 0970-2539

e-ISSN: 0976-3880

Subject: Botany

Periodicity: Half Yearly

DOI: 10.32381/JPSR

Month(s) of Publication: June & December

Current Volume: 38 (2022)

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The Journal of Plant Science Research is a reputed peer reviewed International Journal which is published bi-annually. This Journal disseminates knowledge in all related fields of Plant Science Research such as Plant Physiology, Agriculture, Bio-Chemistry and Botany. It imparts the latest advances in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering which is proved beneficial for the upcoming Geneticists, Plant Physiologists, Botanists, Biochemists and Biotechnologists. It regularly supplies latest information on researchers, education, publication and projects on Plant Science at national and international level.

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Volume 38 (2022) Issue 1 , (January-2022 to June-2022)

January-June

Editorial

Page: i-ii

Life of Govindjee, known as Mister Photosynthesis by Joy E. Block

Page: 1-22

Abstract: This article presents autobiographical memories of Govindjee Govindjee, from his life in Allahabad (India) to Urbana, Illinois (USA). It includes his life in India, especially sections on his family and upbringing; his experiences in his adopted country, the USA; and a bit on his research life. For further information on Govindjee’s academic life, see, e.g., Govindjee (2019a) and Stirbet et al. (2020); also see messages on his 88th birthday and 20-years of his retired life in Eaton-Rye et al. (2020). This article begins with my prologue; the rest of it is an edited text based on Govindjee’s responses in a 2016 interview.*

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.1

Letter to the Editor
Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (1924-2020): Co-discoverer of Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts and much more by Govindjee Govindjee

Page: 23-29

Abstract: I present here a personal reminiscence of the life and research of Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (January 26, 1924–November 14, 2020). He was responsible for showing that chloroplasts are complete units for oxygenic photosynthesis and that ‘photophosphorylation’ is what is common between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. He had an innovative nature and exploited many biophysical and biochemical techniques to understand, in depth, the regulatory nature of photosynthesis. Bob Whatley was a self-sufficient, thorough, quiet, and confident scientist, but he was ‘self-effacing’ and never ever “blew his own horn”. My presentation is mingled a bit, at places, with my own thoughts – to give it a ‘personal’ touch.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.2

Curcuma longa Linn.: A Medicinal Plant with Therapeutic Potential against COVID-19
by Anupriya Singh, Jyoti Singh, Gangeshwar Kumar Tripathi, Ashwani Kumar, Dev Nath Singh Gautam and Yuan-Yeu Yau

Page: 31-63

Abstract: COVID-19 had been declared a pandemic in March 2020. The disease has caused destruction all around the world. Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, isolation and experimental measure are the most important ways to manage this disease. However, 81% of the COVID-19 patients showed mild-to-moderate symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, fatigue, sore throat, loss of smell and loss of taste etc. Patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms may not need hospitalization because most of them will be able to manage their sickness at home through medication or supportive care. It will be useful to take both preventive measures and substances that boost the immunity while rest at home. Ministry of AYUSH in India recommended several approaches for preventive health care to boost immunity and respiratory health: following yoga and meditation plus intake of a few medicinal-plant-based compounds such as those from turmeric (Curcuma longa), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) etc., once or twice a day. C. longa has been one of the most commonly used remedy for symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Based on existing scientific evidences, C. longa has been proved to be a potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant source, as well as a medicinal plant effective for respiratory disorders. In this review, scientific evidence of C. longa phytochemicals responsible for pharmacological activities are presented using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. This review also discusses the disease COVID-19 and its causative virus SARS-CoV-2.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.3

Standardization and Elemental determination of Therapeutic Medicinal Plant Volkameria inermis L. by Thiripura Sundari U and Shanthi P

Page: 65-74

Abstract: Plants are the therapeutic agents, producing rich source of bioactive substances to cure all kinds of ailments. The main objective of this investigation was to standardize the leaves of Volkameria inermis L. as a source of effective natural medicine. The standardization was validated by physicochemical parameter, phytochemical studies and elemental analysis. The results of physicochemical study showed 6.75% moisture content, 11.2% total ash value, 0.6% acid insoluble ash value and 4.2% of water soluble ash value. The extractive percentages for various solvents are 1.2% (Hexane), 2.4% (Chloroform), 2.8% (Acetone), 3.8% (Ethanol), 5.2% (Methanol) and 6.0% (Water). The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phytocompounds coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Heavy metals viz copper, cadmium, lead and mercury content were determined as 0.67 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.13 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.08 ± 0.000 mg/kg and 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg respectively. It also showed 1.59 ± 0.001 mg/kg of manganese and 0.29 ± 0.017 mg/kg of zinc. The results of heavy metal profile of the tested plant were within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities WHO and FAO. Hence it is recommended that the Volkameria inermis L. is a one of the efficient natural sources to be used as drug.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.4

Traditional and Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wild Edible Mushrooms: A Case Study of Santali Tribe of Beliatore Forest, Bankura District, West Bengal, India by Soumik Chatterjee, Krishna Chandra Mondal and Sabyasachi Chatterjee

Page: 75-85

Abstract: This study deals with the ethno-medicinal knowledge about different wild edible mushrooms in Santali community of Beliatore forest, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. This Santali community has extensive knowledge on mushrooms and can identify edible and nonedible fungi used for various purposes in their daily life. Two year (2018-2019) extensive survey resulted in the discovery of 40 species of fungi and its various uses by the Santali community. Mushrooms is a non-wood forest product which provide an alternative source of income for the tribal people. Santali tribe uses fungi for treating various diseases with different combinations. This study exposes the traditional knowledge on mushrooms of Santali Community.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.5

Biological Screening of Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) Underground Sprout Extract for in-vitro Biochemical Activities by S. Swathi Lakshmi and T. Ponrathy

Page: 87-90

Abstract: The palm tree, Borassus flabellifer Linn., is an erect and celestial tree with more than 800 diverse applications. It is the official tree of the Indian state, Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Palmyra underground sprouts. Palmyra sprout was also tested for its anti-inflammatory properties. All the assays were conducted on powder of boiled Palmyra sprout extracts in chloroform. The antidiabetic potentials were assessed using α-amylase, as a target enzyme. Colorimetric antioxidation potentials were determined by phosphomolybdenum method. The iron-ferrozine absorbance at 562 nm was used to calculate the metal chelating assay. An in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition assay was used to assess the anti-inflammatory property. The Palmyra sprout extracts inhibited α-amylase, one of the key enzymes involved in starch digestion and blood glucose regulation. The Antioxidant potential of the sample was recorded as 96% and Fe2+ ion-chelating activities of the sample was also detected. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation in this underground sprout was evaluated as 91.18. These results show that Borassus flabellifer Linn. underground sprout extract has antidiabetic, metal chelating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and hence has a lot of potential as a natural health product source.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.6

Ecological Study of Blue Green Algae of Canal Waters in Alappuzha, Kerala by Jayasree S, Sincy Joseph and S. Sreeranjini

Page: 91-98

Abstract: In the present study five important canals of Alappuzha were analysed for algal distribution viz. Kottaram Canal, Alappuzha – Cherthala Canal, Commercial Canal, Vadai Canal and Uppootti Canal. Algae, the principle primary producers are photosynthetic thallophytes, usually are microscopic, unicellular and colonial or multicellular. The Canals contain different types of Phyco-components like planktons, benthos, epiphytic organisms etc. The algal taxa from Class Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae were found in these canals Totally 23 species of algae were recorded from the study sites. Among them maximum number of species (7 species) was recorded from Vadai canal followed by Alappuzha-Cherthala canal (6 species), and Kottaram canal (4 species). Members from Class Chlorophyceae were found dominant followed by Class Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Three among these canals were showed Physico chemical parameters at the favourable limit and two were rich in nutrients, because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-sherthala canal and Vadai canal because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-Cherthala canal Vadai canal.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.7

Effect of Physiochemical Parameters of Water on Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Bhuigaon Beach, Palghar District, Maharashtra by Deepti Deshpande and Surekha Gupta

Page: 99-102

Abstract: Algae are a diverse group of living organisms that are distributed in fresh as well as marine water bodies. Algae form an important part of aquatic food chain and food web and thus play an important role in regulating aquatic ecosystems. They are a good source of bioactive compounds, valuable food resource as well as potent pollution indicators. Taking this into consideration, an attempt was made to diversify the macroalgal species found on Bhuigaon beach during late winters in four consecutive years. Samples were collected during low tide, processed and preserved, herbarium specimens were prepared for identification of marine algae collected from the study site. Samples of sea water were also analysed for physiochemical parameters. A total of 08 different algal species were documented belonging to three different groups Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Effect of salinity, phosphates and nitrates on algal biodiversity was notable.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.8

Extraction of Plasmid from Low-density Polyethylene degrading Bacterium and its Transformation into E. coli DH5α by Kotwal, N. K. and Vaidya, R. B.

Page: 103-110

Abstract: Improperly disposed plastics are a significant source of environment pollution of which about 3% of plastic material is recycled while remaining remains as litter. Littering not only threatens wildlife and marine life, but also causes considerable aesthetic nuisance. The hazard of discarding waste plastics like Polyethylene, so called “white pollution”, is becoming more severe. Improper methods of disposal like burying or burning of plastic materials release harmful or toxic pollutants into the environment thereby endangering the biosphere. The persistence of plastics in landfills is adding to the growing water and surface-waste litter problems. This research was therefore initiated to isolate bacteria that can degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is among the most frequent polymers found in the solid waste generated in urban areas. A total of 18 bacterial isolates were obtained that had the ability to degrade LDPE. 16s rDNA sequencing was used to identify the isolates. Further, based on polymer degradation potential of the isolates, one isolate Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CPO 4.206 was used for extraction of plasmid. The extracted plasmid was then transformed into E. coli DH5a.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.9

In-Vitro Studies and Multiple Shootlet Induction in Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze by Ruchika Dani and Mahavir Gosavi

Page: 111-116

Abstract: An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shootlet induction has been standardized in Cyathocline purpurea, a medicinal plant. The nodal and leaf cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL BAP, 0.5 mg/mL NAA and a combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA. Multiple shootlet induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with the combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA using nodal explant. The shootlet thus induced, was 2.5 cm in length and had cotyledonary leaves on it. This shootlet was further transferred to another culture vial containing the same media. Phytochemical screening was done to check the presence of phenolics, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids using three different solvents viz., Petroleum Ether, Acetone and Ethanol. Antibacterial activity was seen against E. coli. Antioxidant assay was performed by checking the radical scavenging activity using DPPH.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.10

Rapid in vitro Multiplication and Biological Potentialities of Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight by Boskey Pancholi

Page: 117-125

Abstract: In the present study, an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight, which is known for hypoglycemic efficacy, was achieved. Callus cultures from nodal explants were raised on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with Indole acetic acid (IAA, 0.5-2 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5-2 mg l-1). Shoot regeneration occurred from callus cultures inoculated on a medium supplemented with IAA (0.5-7 mg l-1) and for root induction different concentrations of IAA (0.5-2.0 mg l-1) and indole butyric acid (IBA, 0.5-2.0 mg l-1) were used. Out of the various concentrations used, 2,4-D (1.5 mg l-1) proved to be better with 90% response for callus formation. Similarly, 3 mg l-1 IAA showed highest number of shoots (18.6±0.40). These shoots on MS medium supplemented with IAA (1.5 mg l-1) gave maximum number of roots (5.40±1.98). For acclimatization, pure sand, garden soil and soil + compost (1:1) were used individually. The sand proved better by giving the survival rate 80%. The hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the green house conditions and subsequently to the open field conditions. Different bioefficacies viz. antimicrobial using Agar Well Diffusion method and antioxidant using DPPH and FRAP methods along with total phenolic content were studied and compared with those of in vivo.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.11

Measure Avoidable Loss Assessment due to Post Flowering Stalk Rots Caused by Fusarium verticillioides in Maize in Southern Rajasthan, India by Kalpana Yadav, S.S. Sharma, Tarun Kumar Jatwa and Suresh Kumar

Page: 127-132

Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to assess yield losses due to stalk rot in corn (Zea mays) after artificial inoculations through toothpick inoculations in susceptible variety ‘surya’ using paired plot technique in the southern districts of Rajasthan, India. Two field experiments were carried out in two different kharif seasons i.e. year 2019 and year 2020. Variety ‘surya’ were grown in field with 15 replications and inoculated with toothpick inoculations of Fusarium verticillioides. Samples of healthy and stalk rot infected plants were collected from each protected and unprotected plots, at harvesting stage. Result of field experiments revealed that rating and PDI were significantly lower in protected plots which are artificially inoculated with F. verticillioides, with average PDI 18.46% and Rating 2.84 in 2019, and of 19.12% PDI and 2.76 rating in 2020. PDI was significantly higher in unprotected plots that are 70.92 in 2019 and 70.94 in 2020. Significant loss in grain yield (gram/plot) was observed due to post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) in unprotected plots as compared to protected treatments were 23.66% in 2019 and 29.40% in 2020.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.12

Collection, Isolation, Purification and Pathogenicity of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease of Maize Caused Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. Sasakii by Poonam Yadav, S.S. Sharma, Pinki Devi Yadav and Sumit Kumar Yadav

Page: 133-138

Abstract: Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) disease of Maize Caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii is one of the most severe disease causing serious yield losses each year. In recent years, Rhizoctonia solani is fitting more prevalent in agricultural areas where climate change is leading to higher temperatures. We conducted a experiment in which, a series of fungal collection, isolation and identification from the infected plant parts. The plant showed typical symptoms like the disease lesion are characterized by the presence of alternate bleached area or zones, which are initially water soaked and narrow purple brown bends oriented perpendicular to long axis of leaves or leaf sheath. The infected isolates may be seen on the affected tissues after reinoculation and produced mycelia growth and sclerotia on both plants and culture plates. On re-isolation it was found that the fungus was identical to the original isolate. It was observed that the infection was much higher in inoculated plants as compared to control.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.13

Pheno-biological Diversity of Leaf Litter Macrofungi in Some Forests of West Bengal by Gouri Das and Parichay Chakraborty

Page: 139-150

Abstract: In forest ecology and biodiversity, macrofungi occupy important place. Apart from soil nutrients, pH, soil moisture, depth of litter on the forest floor, a number of factors influence diversity of litter fungi as litter decomposition is a highly complex process mediated by various fungal taxa. In the present study physical and chemical attributes of leaf litter from different tree species in the forests of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal were observed and an assemblage of 11 macrofungal taxa belonging to 7 different families like Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Omphalotaceae Marasmiaceae, Aphelariaceae, Psathyrellaceae have been found. These macrofungi were collected from Danga, Dogachhi, Kasiadanga, Barakasipur of Balurghat beat and Abhirampur, Asair, Erenda forestof Tapan beat. This investigation being the pioneering one in this area, also revealed high degree of host and part of the leaf specificity in some cases. The heterogeneity in the abiotic environment may have indirect or direct effect on the distribution of litter fungi in the litter profile. Interestingly, the occurrence of Aphelariaceae (Aphelaria sp.) was restricted to the litter layers of Erenda forest floor only. For systematic random sampling, field trips were conducted at 60 plots with 4 transects during summer, rainy, autumn and spring over last 3 years. All the collected samples were worked out thoroughly, identified and preserved in the laboratory. The data generated in the study will certainly enlighten the domain of mycological diversity of litter fungi.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.14

Seasonal Variation of Soil Fungi in Tea Garden, Mokokchung District, Nagaland by Asangla Kichu, T. Ajungla, Maongkala Walling, Wati Temjen and Lydia Yeptho

Page: 151-158

Abstract: Tea plant is one of the major cash crops in Northeast India and tea leaves is a popular beverage cherished as a part of a healthy human diet. Tea plant being an economically important crop it is necessary to understand the soil fungal population as soil fungi are key drivers of plant productivity. This present study is conducted in the soil samples collected seasonally from the tea cultivated area of Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India. A total of 60 fungal species under 26 genera were isolated from the study site and colony forming units (CFU), relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF) and important value index were calculated. The highest fungal counts were recorded during the spring season with 8.2 x 106 CFUg-1 and lowest fungal counts were recorded in the winter season with 2.7 x 106 CFUg-1. Highest IVI was recorded in Aspergillus niger (8.09) followed by A. flavus (6.58). Dominance of Aspergillus may be attributed to the antagonistic nature exhibited by these genera against other fungi.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.15

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Spores from Industrial Belts of MIDC, Dombivli, Thane District of Maharashtra for Winter Season by Ashwini Deshpande and Mahavir Gosavi

Page: 159-163

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the obligate symbionts, forming natural, beneficial relationships with higher plants. About 80% of plants are colonized by AM fungi which belong to Glomeromycota (Family - Endogonaceae). In soil microorganisms, AM fungi are commonly studied because of their capacity to support plant tolerance under polluted and toxic conditions. The current study deals with the exclusive survey of fifteen industrial sites from MIDC, Dombivli (East). The sites were investigated to study diversity of AM fungi with respect to rhizosphere soil analysis for subsequent spore density and identification. Spores of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora were observed. The observed species were also detected in root colonization analysis, using standard staining methods. The spore density was highest for Glomus. The species recorded and identified from genus Glomus are G. aggregatum, G. albidum, G. australe, G. deserticola, G. fasciculatum, G. fulvus, G. geosporum, G. intraradices, G. microcarpum, G. multicaule and G. occultum along with species of Acaulospora like A. foveata, A. mellea, A. scrobiculata and Gigaspora margarita.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.16

Peptone Induced Pigment Production of Ganoderma lucidum by Mona Kejariwal, Sakshi Soni, Saloni Koli, Eeshrita Jog, Sayok Ghosh, Deepak Singh, Surabhi Parker, Tanvi Patil, Khushboo Chouhan, Akash Kushwaha and Kanika Shetty

Page: 165-172

Abstract: Wood-rot fungi are known to be saprophytic, they are grown on most of the organic and decaying matters. These fungi have an ability to produce coloured pigments in in-vitro cultures when they are grown in specific growth media. The pigment producing capacity of such fungi depends on the composition and pH of media. Various coloured compounds can be obtained by changing the concentration of component of growth media for such fungi. The most commonly used growth media for in-vitro culturing of woodrot fungi are Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB). Current study conducted of Ganoderma lucidum, a commonly occurring wood-rot fungi, it has been observed that the production of pigment in G. lucidum was dependent on various growth media and their components. The fungus forms white patchy, non-pigmented colonies when cultured on PDA medium whereas it showed pigmented growth on SDA medium. Further, by replacing each nutrient component in the growth medium one by one, it has been determined that the component plays a vital role in pigment production by G. lucidum. It has been remarkably established that pigment production in the fungus is totally dependent on peptone concentration. Additionally, Nature of pigment has been studied by carbon and hydrogen ratio which has been in correlation with the substrate provided in the growth medium. The pigment obtained by the study were further evaluated for thermal and pH stability which showed promising results as pigment was unaffected till 60°C and there was no colour change detected with various pH solutions. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential applications of pigment obtained from G. lucidum as a natural pigment in textile and food industry by evaluating proper cytotoxic and structural analytical studies in future.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.17

Monotypic Grass Taxa in India: Taxonomic Implications and Conservational Aspects by Shailja Tripathi, Rekha Yadav, Dileshwar Prasad, Shubham Jaiswal, Gauri Saxena and Priyanka Agnihotri

Page: 173-184

Abstract: The present study unveils an interesting group of grasses that are represented by single species. In India, 30 grass genera have been found to be monotypic, restricted to different regions of the country and the world. Eight of these grasses are known to be endemic to India with high endemism in the Western Ghats. Some of them possess a high economic potential and are being used as food, fodder and medicine. Few monotypic genera have also been included in IUCN red list and need special attention for their conservation. It is an attempt to document a challenging and stimulating group of grasses occurring in the country emphasising their distribution pattern, taxonomic features and conservational aspects.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.18

Anatomical Elucidation of Leaf, Stem, Flower and Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae)
by Kalpana S. and Karpagam S.

Page: 185-194

Abstract: The anatomical characterisation of medicinally and economically important species of Hedycium coronarium (zingiberaceae) was done in this study. Anatomy of the Stem, Leaf, Flower and Rhizome were observed. Histochemical nature of the cells studied and presented in this paper. The species shows diagnostic anatomical characters such as Endodermoid layer, starch grains, oil cells are present. H. coronarium is an herbaceous, rhizomatous perennial plant, it accumulates essential oil which is used as a condiment, in perfumery, and as a medicine. The plant are also rich in phytochemicals and rich in antioxidants. Essential oil droplets and abundance of starch grains was observed under light microscope in thin sections of rhizome and stem. Some crystalline structures are visualized and are examine to further studies for identification and usage in pharmaceutical purposes. Anatomical characters of the rhizome in zingiberaceae could not only help in the identification of the plant species but also in authenticating plant materials used in medicine. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the morphological and anatomical characters of H. coronarium. And also to identify the various cell types that includes starch grains, oil cells, resins, crystals etc. for further studies.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.19

Development of an Effective Sterilisation Procedure for Exposed Seeds from the Dehisced Capsule using Centrifugation Method and Successful Asymbiotic Seed Germination in Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’Herit) Bl. by Rajib Borah, Leoris Malngiang, Nripemo Odyuo and Hiranjit Choudhury

Page: 195-205

Abstract: Asymbiotic seed germination has revolutionised the commercial production of exotic orchids as well as conservation of rare and endemic ones. However, the success of the process largely depends on the sterilisation procedure adopted to disinfect the minute dust like orchid seeds. The present study incorporates the technique of centrifugation method to successfully disinfect the exposed seeds obtained from the dehisced capsule of Phaius tankervilleae, which is an ornamental orchid endemic to Northeast India. The seeds of P. tankervilleae showed 100% disinfection as well as germination efficiency (with 5% NaOCl and 8 mins exposure) with no risk of physical damage to the seeds due to the centrifugation process (4 mins at 4000 rpm under 4˚C). Inoculated seeds showed the first sign of swollen embryos (PLBs) after 5 weeks of culture in Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium. PLBs obtained were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators for healthy proliferation and shoot multiplication. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L each of BAP and KN resulted in best overall shoot and root development. Therefore, the present study reports a simple yet effective sterilisation procedure to disinfect exposed P. tankervilleae seeds which is quick, easy and very efficient for mass scale propagation as well as ex-situ conservation of this valuable orchid species and other orchid species as well.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.20

Appraising Physical Properties of Soil Under Different Pevailing Land Use Systems in the Sub-humid Southern Plans and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan by R.B. Meena, S. C. Meena, R. H. Meena, Ramu Meena, Mahaveer Nogiya, R. L. Meena, R.S. Meena and Shiv Singh Meena

Page: 205-214

Abstract: Information about the impacts of different land-use systems on the physical properties of soil is essential for the sustainable utilization of existing soil resources. The main objective of this study was to examine the variation in selected physical properties across the different prevailing land-use systems in the Sub Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. A total of 120 composite soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis from barren, cultivated, agri-horticulture, horticulture, grass, and natural forest land-use systems by four different soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm) with five replications. The two-way analysis of variance (Two ways ANOVA) was used to test the effect of different land-use systems and soil depths on measurable soil physical properties. The results of the study revealed that the soil separates (sand, silt, and clay fractions) were not differed significantly across the land use systems as the texture is an inherent property of soil that cannot be changed easily by agricultural management practices. However, soil depth was affected significantly to the particle size distribution under studied land use systems. The mean bulk density of the soil varied from 1.51 to 1.62 Mg m-3 and the mean total porosity ranged from 38.56 to 41.77%. The highest plant available water (0.362 cm3-H2Ocm-3 Soil) and higher moisture content at field capacity (34.55%) and permanent wilting point (10.57%) were recorded in the natural forest land use system. All the six land-use systems confirmed distinct effects on soil properties as the highest superior soil properties were observed under natural forest land-use systems, followed by grassland, horticulture, agri-horticulture, and agricultural land-use systems, whereas the barren land use was showed inferior soil properties. The result of the study suggests that the incorporation of tree components on agriculture, barren, and grassland systems could decisive to improve the properties and sustainability of the soil in the study area.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.21

Comparative Analysis of Manures and Fertilizers on Tagetes erecta L. by Mansi Solanki, Sanjukta Rajhans, Himanshu Pandya and Archana Mankad

Page: 215-220

Abstract: Nutrients are essential components required by the plants for their growth and development. The application of organic and chemical fertilizers creates different impacts on the soil fertility and on plant development. These components help in increasing the efficiency and effective recovery of the agricultural field. The components used, duration of application and the rate of release of these nutrients create the differences between the organic and inorganic fertilizers. In the present study a pot experiment was conducted for evaluating the effects of manures and fertilizers on growth of the plant Tagetes erecta L. (African marigold) plant. Four potting media were prepared, namely organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, cow dung cake and vermicompost. One set was kept as control. The study was conducted for the time period of 21 days.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.22

Native Trees’ Resilience and Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India by Babita Rana

Page: 221-225

Abstract: Tropical cyclones with heavy rainfall and gusty winds cause severe damage to the environment, infrastructure, and economy of the affected area. This study focuses on the impact of major cyclones on vegetation with special mention of native as well as exotic tree species, particularly in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and elucidation of cyclone resistance traits in trees. Data collected from secondary sources of information supports the evidence that tree devastation was more in exotic species than native species. In Mumbai, as per the recent Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation census, more than half of the 29.75 lakh tree population is of exotic origin. The most susceptible trees to bear the cyclone impacts such as defoliation, snapping of stems, and uprooting were Peltoforum, Gulmohar, Thespesia, Royal palm, rain tree, which were introduced to India hundreds of years ago. The common native species mango, banyan, peepal, and neem perform fairly well which underlines the importance of planting local species in cyclone vulnerable regions. The selection of proper plant species is very crucial to minimize the damaging effects of cyclones and heavy monsoons in coastal regions.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.23

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Sustainable Tasar Silk Production and Soil Health by Soma Karmakar, A.K. Srivastava, T. Pandiaraj and Jyostna Tirkey

Page: 227-233

Abstract: Tasar silk production is highly associated to natural ecosystem. Deterioration of natural ecosystem can directly affect the quality and production of tasar silk. Since regular use of chemical fertilizers reduce the fertility and total microbial biomass thus affecting soil health and productivity in tasar ecosystem. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Ranchi with an aim of improving the soil nutritional status using INM practices. The experiment was comprised 20 treatments including control which laid down in randomised block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected from each plot and analysed for different parameters. The study revealed that the pH of different experiment plots was acidic range (5.42 to 5.99). SOC was found to be higher in the treatment of 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.33%) followed by 100%RDF with 2 kg/plant VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.31%). The treatment T19 (495.5 kg haˉ1) had recorded higher available nitrogen followed by T17 and lower in control. In case, the available phosphorus was found to be the ranges from medium to high (12.93 to 38.33 kg haˉ1) in different treatments. In the present investigation, available potassium was observed in the range of 213.3 kg haˉ1¹ to 513.3 kg haˉ1¹ which resulted in medium to high range. All the micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the experiment were found to be sufficient amount. Overall, the treatment that integrated chemical fertilizers with organic manure and bio fertilizers showed greater response to increase in soil nutrients content. Hence, the treatment i.e. 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB could prove a better and viable for nutrient demand of Tasar culture.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.24

Scenario of Peach Cultivation in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India by Jitender Kumar, K. K. Pramanick, A. K. Shukla and Santosh Watpade

Page: 235-240

Abstract: Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of the Rosaceae family and widely grown in temperate regions of the world. The production scene, systematic cultivation and marketing of peaches could transform the rural economy in the hills of north-western India. Regional Center of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Elevation of 1900 m AMSL) at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh evaluating the peach cultivars viz. July Elberta, Early Elberta, Snow Queen, Red Globe, Shan-e-Punjab, Sun crest, Glo Haven, Silver King, EC-174084, Paradelux, Saharanpur selection, Red Gold and Independence etc. cultivars are being produced and evaluating for behavioral, climatic adaptation, fruit quality and bud burst to dormancy stage (days ranged from 230 to 330 days in all available cultivars) at above research farm. During the study, the peach fruit average weight ranged from 52.06 to 129.82 g, fruit length ranged from 36.33 to 61.67 mm and width was 48.22 to 62.92 mm. The total soluble sugar content recorded in the above cultivars was 9.46-16.34-degree brix and titratable acidity recorded 0.24 mL to 1.1 mL/100 mL fruit juice. The thickness of the pulp was 16.02 mm to 26.34 mm and after drying 100 g of the pulp, 10.65 to 16.98 g of dry pulp was obtained. Stone average weight was recorded 3.44 to 7.61 g while length and width ranged from 21.49 to 37.09 mm and 14.61 to 26.27 mm respectively. The Pulp: Stone ratio of studied cultivars ranged from 8.79 to 16.41 while TSS: Acidity ranged from 8.6 to 52.70 mL/100mL.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.25

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Biological Properties
by Jitendra Singh Bamboriya, H.S. Purohit, Gajanand Jat and S.D. Bamboriya

Page: 241-248

Abstract: Soil microbial community keeps the soil healthy and fertile therefore their optimal presence is needed for sustaining the crop production to meet the basic needs of future generation. Therefore, a nutrient management trial was conducted to find out the best nutrient sources and their combinations which may improve overall soil biological health. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm soil depth after harvesting of maize crop during two cropping seasons. The samples were tested in laboratory following standard protocols. Application of PEC combined with 75% of NPK and bio-fertilizers inoculation is a good strategy to improve soil biological quality for sustainable agriculture.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.25

Effect of some Micronutrients on Biomass, Latex Yield, Sugar and Chlorophylls of Euphorbia antisyphilitica
by Shobha Johari and Ashwani Kumar

Page: 249-256

Abstract: E. antisyphilitica is a plant of bioenergy interest. It is a woody shrub tolerant enough to dry conditions of deserts. Earlier work on this plant revealed it suitable for soils of Rajasthan. This led us to study to enhance its growth and productivity so that its suitability for biofuel production can be ascertained. One of the aspects to increase plant growth is to supplement it with proper nutrients. Hence experiments were conducted with different concentrations of micronutrients manganese, iron and molybdenum in the form of manganous sulphate, ferrous sulphate and ammonium molybdate respectively. Plants were allowed to grow for four months and then harvested and analysed for parameters biomass, hexane extractables, sugars and chlorophylls. Biomass of this plant is useful as raw wood while its latex is a promising hydrocarbon yielding source which was extracted with hexane. Results found were very positive for all the nutrients and best suitable dose were find out for each micronutrient.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.27

A Sample Study of Agricultural Development by Sharda and Dheer Singh Shekhawat

Page: 257-267

Abstract: Agriculture plays a key role in the development of any region. The development of human civilization was possible only after the mankind started agriculture. However the growth of agriculture in a particular region differs based on climate, soil, rainfall and proper agricultural practices over a period of time. The present study attempts to highlight the development of agriculture in the study area during the last 20 years. Attempts are also made to find out the effect of modern agriculture on ecology and to identify the effect of environmental changes on agricultural crops (Kumar et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2020). During present studies two parameters have been considered, i.e., (i) agriculture development based variables and (ii) social development based variables. Charkhi Dadri District is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. District Charkhi Dadri is located 112.6 km of India’s capital New Delhi and 295 km of Haryana capital Chandigarh. Charki Dadri comprises of two sub-divisions (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and two tehsils (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and one sub-tehsil (Bond kalan). District Charkhi Dadri is located between 28.5921˚N Latitude and 76.2653˚E Longitude respectively (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/). In four blocks of Charkhi Dadri district, Charkhi Dadri, Badhra, Jhojhu and Bond Kalan. Charkhi Dadri and Bond Kalan block have good soil fertility potential (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/) while in Badhra and Jhojhu most of the area is covered with sandy soil. Agricultural and social development in four blocks of Charkhi Dadri has been studied and results are presented.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.28

Effect of Different Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients on Growth Parameters and Productivity of Black gram by Barkha Rani, D. P. Singh, Gajanand Jat and Shanker lal Sunda

Page: 269-276

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to assessment of organic and inorganic source of nutrients on growth parameters and productivity of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) cultivar “PU-31”. An investigation was taken up during kharif season of 2019-20 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of four levels of organic source i.e. Control, (PEC1) Phospho-enriched compost@2t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash, (PEC2) Phospho-enriched compost@4t/ha+Foliar spray@10%vermiwash, (PEC3) Phospho-enriched compost@6t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash and four level of inorganic source i.e. control, (F1) RDF, (F2) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid, (F3) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5%. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters, seed, straw and biological yield of black gram were found highest with the combined application of Phospho-enriched compost @ 6t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% which was statically at par with Phospho-enriched compost @ 4t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% during both the years and in pooled analysis.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.29

Review on Plant Protease Inhibitors as Therapeutic Molecules by Sangeeta A. Godbole and Sopan N. Kharat

Page: 277-288

Abstract: Plants contain several phytochemical compounds with capacity to exert therapeutic effects on human beings. One such group of molecules are the Protease inhibitors (PIs) which exert inhibitory activity towards several classes of mammalian, bovine, insect or microbial proteinases/proteases. PIs are polypeptides or proteins capable of forming reversible stoichiometric protein–protein complexes with specific proteolytic enzymes. This inhibits the catalytic function of proteolytic enzymes. Study of PIs is important to control proteolysis as it is the key to control the onset of several disease associated phenomena. Although initially, PIs were considered only as protein degrading enzymes, recent studies point them to be signalling molecules in biological activities.

In this article, various classes of plant protease inhibitors and their general mode of actions are discussed. The families belonging to the serine protease class of inhibitors (Serpins) are discussed in detail as these constitute an important class of therapeutically important molecules.

Data available on the use of PIs for treating a wide range of human diseases and disorders including the still incurable cancers is reviewed. Literature review confirms wide and successful use of Proteasome inhibitors (with similar activities to PIs) in treatment of haematological malignancies. Synthetic proteasome inhibitors are employed to inhibit the proteasome cascades and thus control disease onset and proliferation. Sharing the similar biological activities with the proteasome inhibitors, gives potential for the plant-based PIs to be experimented for similar uses. An attempt is made to report PIs from several plant species and their ongoing clinical trials to study their therapeutic actions.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.30

Mitigation of Copper and Zinc Stress in Maize Plants by Inoculation with Azotobacter sp. by Gopakumar Pillai and Soni Pinkesh Kumar Patel

Page: 289-299

Abstract: Excessive concentration of heavy metals in soil affects the fertility and can have deleterious effects on plants and microorganisms thriving in the soil. With decreasing soil fertility and expanding population, the issue of sustainable food security is gaining momentum. Maize (Zea mays), one of the commercially important crops, is adversely affected by increased concentration of the heavy metals, Copper and Zinc. Plant nutrient requirements can be effectively met using bio fertilizers while reducing the dependency on chemical fertilizers. Azotobacter sp. has been proved to be an efficient bio fertilizer for a variety of crops. Two rapidly growing isolates of Azotobacter sp. (viz. Isolates A and B) were obtained from rhizospheric soil samples and their cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics were studied. Isolate A tolerated Cu and Zn concentrations till 0.4% while isolate B showed tolerance till 0.4% of Zn and 0.6% of Cu. Exopolysaccharide produced by isolate A showed 48% copper bio sorption. Both isolates exhibited plant growth promoting traits like IAA production, ammonia production and phosphate solubilisation. Tryptophan supplementation enhanced IAA levels. Maximum IAA production was seen with isolate A (41.49 μg/mL) followed by isolate B (40.55 μg/mL). Phosphate solubilisation was observed to be more effectively carried out by isolate A. Increasing concentration of Cu and Zn had a severe impact on germination and growth of plants. However, inoculation of isolate A and B supported growth of plants under Cu and Zn stress (maximum concentration 0.4%). Inoculation showed significant improvement

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.31

Minimizing Allelopathic Effect of Grewia optiva on Germination and Growth of Finger Millet Using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria by Rakesh Singh, Yashwant Singh Tariyal and J.S. Chauhan

Page: 301-310

Abstract: Interaction among plant species has both beneficial and harmful effect on one or both the species. It plays an imperative role in the plant growth and survival. Grewia optiva (Bhimal) is widely grown fodder tree usually grown on boundaries of crop fields. The plant is reported to have allelopathic effect on crop growth but its importance as a fodder tree cannot be ignored. The present investigation is carried out with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-10) in alleviating allelochemical (biotic) stress of Grewia optiva (Bhimal) on Finger millet. Due to presence of Grewia optiva leaf extract there was inhibition in germination, reduction in seedling fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length of finger millet in contrast to control. This inhibition was recovered with PGPR treatment of Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-27. The results indicated that the seeds inoculation with PGPR strains under allelochemical stress significantly improved germination, plant growth, vigour and chlorophyll contents of leaf. The root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight were also considerably increased by seeds treatment with PGPR. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas FP-11 strain and Bacillus BS-10 strain in combination could alleviate allelopathic effect of Grewia optiva on finger millet. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was observed replacing the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture practices. This is due to the emerging demand for minimizing harmful impacts and utilization of chemical products to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic apparition of development and to emphasize environmental protection.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.32

Effect of Benzylaminopurine on Growth, Flowering and Postharvest Performance of Antirrhinum majus L. by Irfana Amin, Shabana Gulzar and Inayatullah Tahir

Page: 311-314

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentrations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth, flowering and postharvest performance in Antirrhinum majus. Plants were raised in pot soil culture in 25 cm earthenware pots. BAP was applied as a foliar spray at 1, 5 and 25 mgl-1 concentrations. Plants were sprayed at 4, 12 and 16 weeks after transplantation. For each concentration there were five pots, besides a set of five pots each for the distilled water control and tween control. BAP at 25 mgl-1 concentration was effective in increasing plant height, fresh mass, dry mass and the number of laterals; besides resulting in the early emergence of floral buds. BAP particularly at 1 mgl-1 concentration was effective in enhancing the postharvest longevity of spikes and blooms in plain water. The results suggest that BAP as the foliar application can be effective in enhancing the pre and postharvest conditions of Antirrhinum majus.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.33

Effect of Salinity and Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) for Improving the Morphological and Biochemical Aspects of Vigna radiata L. by C. Janani, B. Sundararajan, Nagamala and B. D. Ranjitha Kumari

Page: 315-325

Abstract: Plant growth hormones assume important role in the development and conduct measure in the plant. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of gibberellic acid on morphological and biochemical factors of green gram under salinity stress. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of salt pressure (sodium chloride (NaCl), 0–100 μM) on the development and biochemical exercises of mung bean. Pre-dousing the seeds with 5 μM GA3 was appeared to improve the harmful impacts of salinity in most of the cases. The results of the study demonstrated that NaCl treatment evoked the decrease in development attributes of mung bean plant by diminishing the shoot and root lengths, number of leaves, and all out region of leaves just as new loads of shoot and base of mung bean plants. Moreover, centralization of 75 μM of salt altogether diminished photosynthetic colors content incorporate chlorophyll; decreases sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; all out solvent sugars; and movement of cell reinforcement catalysts of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase (CAT). In this examination, usage of grouping of GA3 (5 μM) lighten the effects of salinity to consider biochemical elements like shade content; decreasing sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; absolute solvent sugars; and action of cancer prevention agent catalysts of SOD, peroxidase, and catalase.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.34

Phytochemical Analysis and Extraction of Lutein using Column Chromatography from Tagetes and Aster plants by Bhakti Sawant and Vibha Gupta

Page: 327-331

Abstract: The Asteraceae is one of the widespread family of Angiosperms and is well known for the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and other bioactive constituents. They are reported to have antifungal, antioxidant properties and thus have generated lots of interest in curing and preventing many diseases. In the present study, phytochemical analysis using ethanol, petroleum and chloroform extracts of Aster and Tagetes dried flower samples were analyzed. The phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides were observed in all extracts of both plant samples except tannins and anthraquinone glycoside chemical tests gave negative results in Aster plant extract. The dried flower sample of both plants were also subjected to column chromatography for separation of Lutein (a fat-soluble xanthophyll). Best results in isolation of Lutein sample were obtained using hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10) mobile phase.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.35

GC-MS based Phytochemical Profiling of n-Hexane extracts of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizomes by Pravith P Warrier and Madhavi R Badole

Page: 333-341

Abstract: Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a herb species in the family Zingiberaceae. The species has a high nutritional value, particularly as a starch source for Indian dishes and medicines. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is also utilized for therapeutic purposes, such as healing worms and stomach aches, according to the local healers. The present work is carried out as a part of standardization of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. The rhizome powder is extracted in n-Hexane and the extract is subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis for phytochemical profiling. An initial phytochemical screening has been performed on the n-Hexane extract to study the nature of phytoconstituents present. The results of preliminary screening study combined with the data from the GC-MS analysis provides an update on the phytoconstituents present in the n-Hexane extract. This data can help in further isolation of phytoconstituents and evaluation of their bioactivities. The study also enhances the possibility of usage of rhizome part of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. as a herbal drug product in the future.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.36

A Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Ethyl Acetate Fruit Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.) Growing in Two Phyto-geographically Contrasting Regions of West Bengal, India by Chandan K Acharya, Naureen S Khan and Nithar R Madhu

Page: 343-355

Abstract: The Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.) has an interesting combination of ingredients. Fruit that grows in several parts of West Bengal, particularly the North Bengal Hill Slope and Jhargram, was researched using an ethyl acetate-based method. The spectrums of the individual components were compared to the library of previously identified spectrums using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and were done so on a Factor Four TM capillary column (VF-5 ms, 30 m, 0.2 mm id, 0.25 m film thickness; Varian, Middelburg, The Netherlands). Unsaturated alcohols such as Campesterol and alkanes such as N-Hexatriacontane were discovered as phytochemical components in the Jhargram fruit sample. Phenolic substances such as 1, 3, 3-Trimethyl-1-(4’-tri methyl silyl oxy phenyl)-6-trimethylsilyloxyindane, Phytosterol, and other organic compounds such as alkanes were also found. In the North Bengal sample, the phytoconstituents identified are alkenes such as 1-cyclohexyl-1(-4-ethyl cyclo hexyl) ethane and 17-pentatriacontene. The present study also revealed that the bioactive phytoconstituents like Lanost-8-ene, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate, 1,3,3-Trimethyl-1-(2’-trimethyl silyl oxyphenyl)-6-trimethylsilyloxyindane etc. in Jhargram Sample and heterocycle like Benzo (b) naphtho (2, 3, d) furan, steroid like Olean-12-ene and alcohol like Ergosterol in the north Bengal sample has a high percentage of abundance. The discovery of these chemicals is proof that the plant’s fruits may be used to treat various medical issues, a point that can be used as an argument in support of the plant’s agricultural and industrial value.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.37

Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS analysis of n-Hexane extract of Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze leaves by SmitaViplav Sawant and Seema Sambhaji Kokitkar

Page: 357-363

Abstract: Plants are used as a source of medicine since ancient times. Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze belongs to the family Lamiaceae, species of this family known to have medicinal properties. However, very little work has been done on Lavandula bipinnata. Present study was designed to identify the phyto-components in the n-hexane extract of leaves of Lavandula bipinnata. GC-MS analysis was performed using Perkin Elmer Clarus 600C GCMS system with single Quadrupole mass analyzer. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of n-hexane extract of leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, tannins and quinones. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seventeen bioactive compounds which include Hexadecane, Octadecane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 17- Pentatriacontene, Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Heptadecane, 2, 6, 10, 15-tetramethyl-, Squalene, Hentriacontane and Eicosane. The Phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of n-hexane extract of leaves of Lavandula bipinnata showed the presence of bioactive compounds with important medicinal properties. Therefore, it is recommended as a potential plant of phytopharmaceutical value.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.38

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of n-butanol Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of A. muricata L. Leaves by Haripriya. R and P. Thirumalai Vasan

Page: 365-3375

Abstract: The tropical plant, Annona muricata has diverse health benefits and exhibits pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The n-butanol fraction of the ethanolic leaf extract was derived from the plant using Soxhlet-extraction which is followed by qualitative and quantitative determination of phytoconstituents present in the leaf extract. The qualitative determination reveals the primary and secondary metabolites where anthraquinone was reported to be absent. The leaf extract was subjected to antimicrobial activity using Agar well diffusion assay which confirmed the antibacterial and antifungal property against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans respectively. The free radical scavenging property (antioxidant activity) of the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract was confirmed by DPPH assay and maximum inhibition of 87% of free radicals were observed at lowest concentration (100 μg/mL) and the IC50 value was found to be 59.72 μg/mL showing 50% of inhibition. The HPLC and GCMS analysis of the n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of leaf confirmed the high abundance of phytoconstituents required for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.39

Larvicidal Activity and Chemical Characterization of Essential Oil Obtained from Callistemon citrinus by Chachad, Devangi P, Mondal Manoshree, Dias Analise, Uniyal Kajal, Varma Unnati, Jadhav Pradeep, Satvekar Trupti, Ghag – Sawant Mrunal and Doshi Nishit

Page: 377-382

Abstract: More than 100 countries suffer from mosquito-borne diseases which are prevalent across the world. They are the known vectors for transmission of dengue, malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, schistosomiasis etc. Many of the insecticides that are currently used in mosquito control have harmful effects on human health and other non-target populations, they are non-biodegradable in nature, and also have a higher rate of biomagnification in our ecosystem. The spike in insecticide resistance on a global scale is raising serious concerns. Therefore, search for natural, eco-friendly alternatives such as bio-insecticides is imperative. In this study, Larvicidal activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Callistemon citrinus was tested on the Dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti and Chikungunya vector mosquito Culex sp. Also, the chemical composition of the essential oil was studied using GC-MS analysis. Callistemon citrinus can now be considered one of such bio-insecticides which is easily available throughout India, with many therapeutic active constituents in its essential oil and 80-100% larvicidal activity.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.40

Chromatographic Profiling of Medicinally Important Compounds, ß-sitosterol and α-amyrin in Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. by Nagaveni. C and Rajanna. L.

Page: 383-387

Abstract: Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult is a medicinally important herbal plant whose extract is known to have many significant therapeutic properties such as antihyperglycemic, urolithic, lithotriptic, anthelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective also with few antioxidant and anti-microbial attributes. This present chromatographic study reports a comparative quantitative analysis of medicinally important compounds β-sitosterol and qualitative analysis of α-amyrin in in-vivo and in-vitro grown plants of A. lanata (L). However, the normal in-vitro plants contained 52.85% lesser β-sitosterol than the wild ones but in-vitro plants influenced by chemical mutagens showed a significant increase of 104.76% than the wild plants in HPLC profiling. The bands indicating α-amyrin in TLC columns also depicted similar results of decrease of bandwidth in in-vitro plants and visually significant increased bandwidth in chemically induced in-vitro plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.41

Role of Rhizobia to Improve Zinc Phytoremediation by Legumes by Neha Batra and Ameeta Sharma

Page: 389-402

Abstract: High metal availability arising from mining and industrial activities, disposal of sludge or soil acidification, is an important problem in agricultural and forestry. Plants exposed to high concentrations of metals must respond in order to avoid the deleterious effects of metal toxicity at the structural, physiological and molecular levels. Plant strategies for coping with metal toxicity are genotype-specific and at least to some extent, modulated by environmental conditions. Physiology and biochemistry with regard to phytotoxicity, uptake and transport of Zinc and tolerance and its characterization were studied in Vigna unguiculata plants. Parameters studied were photosynthetic pigments, proline content, lipid peroxidation content, protein content, relative water content and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1; CAT, EC 1.11.1.6; APX, EC 1.11.1.11). Metal stress inhibits chlorophyll activity and induces alterations in protein level. Increase in CAT, SOD and APX activity along with RWC was seen at the earlier stages with the decline at the last stages of plant growth. An immense increase in the proline and MDA content was observed. This may possibly be due to either down regulation of photosynthesis or photo inhibition process. Further, Rhizobium was used as soil fertilizer to prevent the stress of Zinc on growing Vigna unguiculata. The experiment tolerance index of plants was increased in the presence of Rhizobium than in their absence in polluted soil. Our results demonstrate that cowpea plants perform better when amended with Rhizobium under metal stress, as indicated by a lower sensitivity to photoinhibition, proline accumulation and higher antioxidant enzyme activity.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.42

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Extracellular Fungal Filtrate by Aadity Saitawadekar and Umesh B. Kakde

Page: 403-409

Abstract: The two basic approaches to manufacture NPs are the top-down and bottom-up techniques. Bottom-up approach is the alternative approach to the physical method of synthesis of NPs, which has the potential of creating less waste and hence being more economical. Nanoparticles from green synthesis have been getting an increasing advantage due to it being a cost effective and eco-friendly method for nanomaterial synthesis. The present investigation focuses on the biological synthesis, characterization of biogenic nanoparticles using extracellular filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. The characterization of synthesised silver nanoparticles has been done using techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The maximum peak was observed at 426 nm in UV-vis spectroscopy after every 5 minutes. In order to identify the presence of functional groups in extracellular fungal filtrate which was used for bioreduction of silver and capping of silver nanoparticles, FTIR analysis has been carried out. The spherical aggregate shaped silver nanoparticles synthesized by A. flavus ranged from 7-50 nm confirmed in TEM as well as in NTA.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.43

In-Silico Studies for the Inhibition of Proprotein Convertase Furin using Synthetic Compound Databases to see the Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Gursimran Kaur Uppal, Aparna Patil Kose, Saiprasad Ajgaonkar, Suraj Sen and Nilesh Pal

Page: 411-420

Abstract: In December 2019, cases of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), were first reported in Wuhan, China. These cases were characterized by acute pneumoniaassociated symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, chills, shortness of breath, and muscle pain. On comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV, significant differences were observed in the sequence of the S gene of SARSCoV- 2, including three short insertions in the N-terminal domain, changes in four out of five of the crucial residues in the receptor-binding motif, and the presence of an unexpected furin cleavage site at the S1/ S2 boundary of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. This insertion is a novel feature that differentiates SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV and several SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs). The SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein, which is the viral protein responsible for binding the ACE2 receptor on the host cell. Prior to and after attachment, the S needs to be activated by cellular proteases (e.g. furin, TMPRSS2), triggering the virus’ entry into the target cell. Presence of a multibasic site, an amino acid motif recognized by furin protease, and whose cleavage activates the S protein. Hence researchers are exploring furin inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our study we have performed virtual screening of natural and synthetic compounds with furin structure (PDB ID: 5JXH). The docking and ADMET results showed that Nafamostat, DAPI, Propamidine, Hydroxystilbamide compounds showed similar activity as per standard drug Diminizine (anti-parasitic drug). Nafamostat compound has shown highest binding affinity with -9.1 kcal/mol against the furin enzyme target and hence it could be considered as a potential inhibitor drug.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.44

In-Silico Investigation of Phytochemicals as Antiageing Agents against Matrix Metalloproteinases using Molecular Docking Approach by Aparna H Patil Kose, Shilpa N Potdar, Rupal A Mishra and Priyankal D Sharma

Page: 421-428

Abstract: Photoageing is caused by the excitation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the skin, which is caused by UV light causing a disruption in the balance between MMPs and inhibitors in our bodies, resulting in collagen degradation and, as a result, wrinkles development. Antioxidant phytochemicals are being researched to minimise the oxidation processes caused by photoageing. Molecular docking was used to choose the optimal phytochemical with the highest binding affinity for MMPs. The study was carried out on 100 plants effective against wrinkles out of which 30 common phytochemicals were selected showing antioxidant properties. These selected phytochemicals were further targeted against nine types of MMPs responsible for wrinkle formation using molecular docking approach. Further, protein optimization was carried out in GROMACS software to enable successful docking. The docking analysis was performed using PyRx tool and the docked structures were visualized using Discovery Studio 4.1 Visualizer. It was observed on the basis of docking score that beta carotene, rutin and luteolin phytochemicals showed highest binding affinity with the target protein (9 types of MMP). The differences in binding affinities among the proteins were discovered in this docking research various protein-ligand complexes which confirms the potential target for ageing in order to stop wrinkle development.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.45

Molecular Docking Studies of Selected Phytochemicals as Potent Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: Approach to Anti-Parkinson’s Drug by Shubham A Ghadge, Priyankal D Sharma and Ananya R Chavan

Page: 429-436

Abstract: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is neurodegenerative condition where persons suffers because of neuronal death caused by depleted dopamine levels which is neurotransmitter responsible for functioning of brain in substantia nigra (SN) part of mid-brain. To minimize this depletion of dopamine, phytochemicals having neuroprotective and antioxidant properties are studied. According to literature search 38 phytochemicals were selected showing neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. With molecular docking approach phytochemicals were docked against 6 selected Biological markers which are COMT, MAO-B, PINK1, BACE1, Alpha- synuclein, E3-PARKIN for Parkinson’s. The protein-ligand docking was performed using PyRx 0.8. Further interaction visualized on Discovery Studio Visualizer 21.1.0. The ligand Chrysin, Bicuculline and Hesperetin were showing best binding score against protein target. This docking study showed various protein-ligand interactions with varying binding energies. With some research, the best scored ligands can be used further to study their effects on in-vivo and in-vitro models.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.46

In vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Azadirachta indica Plant Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant and Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by A. P. Nagrale and V. A. Kamble

Page: 437-443

Abstract: Multi-drug resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to a wide variety of antibiotics has been linked to unwise use of the same antibiotics against infections in food and pet animals around the world, as well as in humans. The major factor contributing to microbial resistance is the microbes’ biofilm formation which allows them to withstand in extreme environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents. In the current study, multi-drug resistant and the biofilm forming E. coli and S. aureus strains have been isolated from the different types of specimens. Commercially available antibiotic discs were used for the study of multi-drug resistance patterns in the isolated strain and also studied with disc diffusion assay. The antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm forming ability of 76 E. coli and 57 S. aureus cultures isolated from the clinical samples were tested. Apart from multiple drug resistance traits, biofilm production by the microbe is one of the phenomena which renders multiple drug resistance to the isolate as well. Susceptibility testing of different solvent extracts of plants, namely Azadirachta indica. The sensitivity of all the plant leaf extract was assessed by the well diffusion method and determined in terms of inhibition zone diameter. The inhibitory activity against the clinical isolates reflects an inhibition zone range of 10 mm to 40 mm. All of the above biofilm producing isolates showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.47

Obituary

Page: 445

New Arrivals (May 2022)

Page: 447-448

Volume 37 (2021)

Volume 37 (2021) Issue 2 , (July-2021 to December-2021)

Jul-Dec

Editorial

Page: i-ii

Methyl Jasmonate: A Potent Player in Salinity Stress by A. Hemantaranjan, Shivani Lalotra and Rekha Sodani

Page: 219-224

Abstract: Salinity stress an atrocious stress customary in various parts of India and across world is one of the major reasons for subordinating the yield of several crops. It leads to oxidative stress and nutrient unavailability which poses serious threats to soil fertility and soil structure. The excessive amount of soluble salts in soils is major cause of desertification in various countries. Current agriculture scenario and the climatic conditions are expected to worsen abiotic factors globally and ultimately curbing the yield potential of various crops. Therefore, certain biotechnological or plant physiological strategies or tools needed to be supplement for target crops to specific environments. Such tools are the exploitation of phytohormones in agriculture sectors. Among these, Methyljasmonate is an important phytohormones used incessantly in improving the yield per unit area of crops known to alleviate various stresses and to improve the quality and quantity of crops by activating the antioxidant machinery in plants and up- regulating the stress related genes. These oxylipins plays vigorous role in growth and development, senescence, flower nectar secretion, G-protein signaling, in plants. Besides its remarkable role in biotic stresses like salinity, drought, temperature extremes it has also foremost role in activation of defensive secondary metabolites in biotic stresses like pathogen attack.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.1

New Horizons of Plant Sciences by C.P. Malik and Bratati Roy

Page: 225-236

Abstract: The year 2020 has witnessed large number of discoveries in life sciences including agriculture and plant science. Some of these noble works are highlighted in this article. Researches are taken from various news, research blogs, articles and research papers to provide cumulative insights on current trends of R&D in agriculture and plant science. The intent is to apprise the students and researchers sof recent trends and discoveries in life sciences including agriculture.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.2

Right handed Dioscorea alata: Reversered and Vertically grown : Stem Anatomy and Yield by Bir Bahadur and G. Narsaiah

Page: 237-243

Abstract: This paper high lights the stem internode anatomy of rignt handed Dioscorea alata, induced or reversed and vertically grown with the support of bamboos. Comparative anatomical structural changes in relation to habit, vis-a-vis yield of tubers and changes in various amino acids patterns due to change in habit are discussed. Darwin first studied climbing plants over a century back and there is need to review the plant biomechanics of the right and left twining species and induced twining since tuberous Dioscorea species are next to cereals and pulses as food source.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.3

Integrated management of Tylenchids =Nematoda occuring on Capsicum frutescens (chillies) by hoeing, 7.5% Garlic (Allium sativum) solution and by application of Poultry manure by Javaid Hassan Sheikh and Gowhar Rashid

Page: 245-248

Abstract: Plant parasitic nematodes are of huge economic importance in the present day world of food crisis. Management of these underrated parasites has become a concern for the nematologists as they drastically tell upon the productivity potential of crops. A field experiment was conducted at Punzwa, Kupwara to study the effects of 7.5% garlic solution, Hoeing and poultry manure on nematodes associated with Capsicum frutescens and to study their comparative account in order to devise an integrated control regime. The nematode genera which are frequently encountered on this host in this part of the world are Helicotylenchus spp., Psilenchu spp., Tylenchus spp., and Aphelenchus spp. The results of combination of all the three measures was found to be most effective with the mean values of population density followed by standard deviation as 37.75±5.5 with the initial density and control as 104.55±2.0 and 109.5±0.67 respectively. The individual effect of hoeing reduced the density to 75.15±3.59 from 110.34±5.7 and the combination of hoeing and garlic solution treatment reduced the populations of plant parasitic nematodes to 63.35±6.8 from 126.75±7.2.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.4

An Eco-friendly Aerobic rice (An Efficient Water Management Strategy for Rice Production) by Harvinder Kaur Sidhu

Page: 249-262

Abstract: Over the centuries, lowland rice has proven to be a remarkably sustainable system for rice production mostly because of its luxurious water availability. But the present day water crisis threatens the sustainability of lowland rice production and necessitates the adoption of water saving irrigation technologies. Technologies like saturated soil culture and alternate wetting and drying are receiving renewed attention by researchers. These technologies reduce water inputs only at the expense of yield. Aerobic rice technology is better remedy for future climate change under drought condition with lesser green house gas (GHG) emission. Selection of good aerobic rice variety with desired physiological attributes gives better performance. Proper cultural practices and regular care on crop should be recommended for on par yield with low land rice. Weed free aerobic environment is must for better performance and improper weed management leads more manpower usage. Yield penalty, yield stability of aerobic rice have to be considered for adoption.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.5

Complete nutrient profile of Banana flower: A review by Damini Soni and Gargi Saxena

Page: 263-267

Abstract: India is one of the biggest producers of banana, producing 29 million tonnes per year on an average between 2010 and 2017, followed by China at 11 million tones on an average per year. Banana flower also known as banana male bud or banana blossom is the edible by product of banana cultivation which due to its good nutritional value is consumed in many Asian countries like Sri lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and India. Banana blossoms are usually thrown away by producers, producing huge post harvest waste. They contain various bioactive compounds like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins which are known to possess antioxidant, antivirus, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Blossoms are good source of crude fiber with some biologically active compounds like vitamin C, tannins, myoinositol phosphates, and alpha tocopherols. The flower is used to treat ulcers, dysentery, bronchitis, alleviating menstrual bleeding problems, facilitates lactation, helps in overcoming diabetes, helpful in weight loss and is good for gastrointestinal health.

The flower being a rich source of phytochemicals imparting antioxidant activity can be used to prepare various detoxifying beverages and products incorporating ginger, mint, carrot, wheatgrass, spirulina, gooseberries and lemon to enhance the antioxidant activity and acceptability.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.6

Antifungal and Phytochemical Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants of Shimla Hills Himachal Pardesh India by Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey, V. Raj and Tanveera Akhter

Page: 269-273

Abstract: The purpose of the study was evaluate the methanol extracts of these medicinal plants, namely, Euphorbia helioscopia, Coriandrum sativum and Bauhinia variegata Phytochemical extraction was conducted using soxhlet and rotovap apparatus and an aqueous extraction method. Data analysis of the study was done using R-Studio Program for statistical computing and graphics. A Tukey test was done along with ANOVA and Boxplots. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals were carried out and the presence of terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, alkaloid, tannins and saponins were positive in some plants. Antifungal activity was tested using the poisoned food and well diffusion techniques.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.7

Notes on fresh water Diatoms from Sawai Madhopur-part-IV, Rajasthan, India by Lakhpat Meena

Page: 275-282

Abstract: Diatoms are part of photo-assimilate microalgae with vide diversity. The research is carried out in Sawai madhopur of Rajasthan and found great diversity of this small group. The eighteen species of diatoms have been described and enlisted from aquatic habitats (stagnant as well as running). This is the first attempt for enlisting diatoms from western part of Rajasthan.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.8

Aquatic and Wetland Flora of Marlimund Lake, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India by Rekha G

Page: 283-288

Abstract: The present study deals with documentation of hydrophytes in Marlimund lake (Lat: 11°26’16.0" Long: 076°41’94.8"), The Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. A total of 37 hydrophytes were recorded in different seasons along with five endemic species. Among these Helophytes are dominant followed by Tenegophytes/Helophytes. Illegal fishing, over grazing and waste dumping leads to reduction in the growth of hydrophytes in the study area.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.9

Growing Euphorbia antisyphilitica on Wasteland Soils of Rajasthan
by Shobha Johari and Ashwani Kumar

Page: 289-295

Abstract: A vast area of Rajasthan state is wasteland in the form of arid and semiarid. Different climatic zones also affect soil type and vegetation. Diurnal variation in temperature has wide range and along with soil type it affects vegetation. Annual rainfall is very low between 525-675 mm. Saline soil with high pH occupies a major area in the Thar desert of this state. Although eastern part of the state has alluvial soils but fine sandy to loamy fine sand is dominant. This type of soil is also found in neighboring states Gujarat and Punjab which is not suitable for farming. Sand dunes cover greater part of western Rajasthan. Vegetation in this area is thorny scrub type. Different soil types found in desert area support different types of vegetation. Euphorbia antisyphilitica a native plant of desert of Mexico was tried to grow in desert lands of Rajasthan. It is a promising petro-crop and studies were undertaken to find out its biomass and biocrude yield in different soil types like red soil, sandy soil and gravel. Different combinations of these soils were also taken into account. Utilization of such wastelands to sgrow plants other than crop plants is the aim of present study.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.10

Diversity of Herbaceous Plants of Upwan Area of Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand by Anita Kumari and Jyoti Kumar

Page: 297-301

Abstract: The present work aimed to study the herbaceous diversity of Upwan area of Jubilee park, Jamshedpur. The herbaceous cover diversity of the sites was represented by 18 herbs species belonging to 9 families.

Among the herbs Scirpus densus Wall., Cyperus alopecuroides (Rottb.) and Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf were found to be having highest frequency of 100% followed by Scirpus barbatus Rottb. (80%), Phyllanthus niruri auct. non L. (80%), Saccharum spontaneum L. (80%) and Cyperus arenarius Retz. (60%).

The data recorded for herbs showed that Scirpus densus Wall. And Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf had highest Important Value Index (IVI) i.e. 49.15 and 42.58. The minimum IVI found in Lipocarpha sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth and Saccharum spontaneum L. was 8.60 and 7.89.

The floristic diversity is the natural resource and wealth of a region and acquiring knowledge of it is of immense scientific and commercial importance.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.11

Screening of Prebiotics from Jhargram Tribal Biodiversity by Samiran Hota and Annalakshmi Chatterjee

Page: 303-311

Abstract: Different tribal communities like Sabars, Santals and Mundas living in the intense forest, maintaining their identity still in the midst of the modern population consume fruits and vegetables indigenous to them for their daily requirements. Among these, fifteen plant species were collected and investigated for the indigestible polysaccharides and their prebiotic properties. Plant extracts were processed with HCl buffer and α-amylase, and indigestible polysaccharide content was determined. Based on extract yield and indigestible polysaccharide content, Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea wallichii, Diospyros melanoxylon and Diospyros mespiliformis were selected as sources for studying their prebiotic effect on probiotics. Selected extracts demonstrated promising growth stimulatory effect on various Lactobacillus species under defined conditions.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.12

Phytochemical, Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Studies of Portulaca oleracea L. Grown in Bidar Region of Karnataka by Sangeeta MK, Vidyasagar GM and Shankaravva Babanagare

Page: 313-320

Abstract: Portulaca oleracea (Pursulane) belongs to the family Portulacaceae, widely grown as weed along with crop plant, in some other regions local people consume as a vegetable and globally used as a herbal remedy for several ailments. The air dried plant powder of aqueous and solvent extract was used to investigate the phytonutrients using standard procedure. Phytochemical study of primary and secondary metabolite of pursulane reveals the presence of Protein (1.6 mg/g), Carbohydrate (2.6 mg/g), Alkaloid (2.5 mg/g), Saponin (2.2 mg/g), Flavanoid (1.7 mg/g), Tannin (1.46 mg/g) and Phenol (1.42 mg/g) with high content of Alkaloid and followed by Saponin and other constituents. The Elemental and physicochemical analysis showed highest content of Calcium 11.1561 ppm and 9.24% of ash content, 12.37% of water soluble ash, 10.41% of insoluble ash and 0.57 mg/g of crud fiber. 3.28 mg/g of Methionine and 2.26 mg/g of Ascorbic acid as a high content obtained by the estimation of Amino Acid and Vitamins respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined in methanolic extract by using DPPH radical scavenging assay with IC50 28.32±4.7 (μg/ml). Total Polyphenol Content was determined as 1.874 mg/g. On the basis of above results such nutritional reach Purslane is a Potential to use as a vegetable as well as medicinal applications and promising natural product may be obtained in future.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.13

Microscopic and Macroscopic Study of Leaves of Echinops echinatus Roxb. by G.D. Ghangale and S.B. Bhawar

Page: 321-324

Abstract: The present investigation evaluates Microscopic And Macroscopic study of Leaves of Echinops echinatus Roxb. Pharmacognostic evaluation consisting of morphological study like colour, odour, taste, size, shape with it’s microscopic study and surface preparation along with leaf constant and SEM. It will be useful for researcher in preparation of pharmacopoeial standards for the same.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.14

Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Review on Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. by Bhagwat W. Chavre

Page: 325-330

Abstract: Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) kurz (Family-Lythraceae) is an important medicinal plant which has proved its potential through multiple disciplines. The plant is shrub with long and spreading branches. Leaf and flower extract of the plant is very effective against different ailments including cancer, leucorrhoea, diabetes, menorrhagia, menstrual and pregnancy related issues. The extract contains different phytochemicals e.g. carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, triterpenoids, carboxylic acid and Quinone. These chemicals have antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. and fungal species like Alternaria solani. The current review describes the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacognostic, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties of the plant.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.15

Nutrients and isotopic composition in Rhizophoraceae mangroves of Kochi, South west coast of India by Nebula Murukesh and Chandramohanakumar N.

Page: 331-344

Abstract: The present study investigates the macronutrient and micronutrient elemental composition and isotopic composition in five Rhizophoraceae mangroves plants widely distributed along Kerala coast in order to verify the response and variations in these plants towards different nutrient elements and classify them accordingly. The lower C/N values of the leaves suggest that the leaves have high nutrient quality than bark. Bruguiera showing highest values of Na/K can be thus concluded to be the plants with least salt excluding capacity. The iron rich mangrove plant was found to be B. gymnorhiza. Zinc content was found to be highest in K. candel. Amount of Pb in all the leaf and bark samples under study in this research were found to be below the recommended levels while cadmium was found to be accumulated in the leaves and bark of R. apiculata as well as in the leaves of B. cylindrica and K. candel. The stable carbon isotope composition of leaves of the Rhizophoraceae mangrove under the present investigation matches well with the already established values of δ13C for C3 plants and the present nitrogen stable isotope results fall within the range of plants that obtain inorganic nitrogen directly from seawater.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.16

Food Processing in India – Present status and way forward by R.T. Patil and Ravindra Naik

Page: 345-369

Abstract: The Food Processing sector in India has a quintessential role in networking Indian farmers to consumers in the domestic and international markets. Demand for processed food items is set to increase in India in the coming years providing opportunities for greater value addition, lower wastages and alternative employment opportunities. Various analysis have reported that outcome from food processing firms have been lucrative, but the value addition component needs to increase significantly. Organizations like Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) is making concrete efforts to encourage investments across various value chain. Selection of right process, effective package of equipment with trained manpower coupled with effective strategy and initiatives is the key to promote food processing sector. Under National Agricultural Research System many such technologies have been developed which enables setting up micro and small food processing industries in production catchment. Some of these technologies which could be adopted for doubling the farmer’s income in briefed.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.17

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using various botanicals and evaluation of its antimicrobial property by Gulab S. Gugale, Bhushan P. Bhusare, Mukund S. Ambawade, Nitin S. Kadam and Akshay B. Shinde

Page: 371-379

Abstract: The present study deals with biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using various plant extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial property. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using plants extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass), Piper betle (Betele leaf) and Trachyspermum ammi (Carom leaf) separately. Silver nitrate was used as substrate and botanical extract as biotemplate for biological synthesis of AgNPs. It was characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial property of the AgNPs were carried out by well diffusion method using gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against K. pneumonia (12±0.26 mm) and E. coli (11±0.11 mm) for AgNPs synthesized using P. betle and C. citratus leaf extracts. The AgNPs synthesized using T. ammi was showed highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The present study report, the enhanced antimicrobial property of AgNPs synthesized using medicinal plants as reducing and capping agents which would be a promising alternative drug for the treatment of wound infections and skin infections with reduced hazards.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.18

Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Extracts of Strelitzia reginae by Ramesh L Londonkar and Rajani KS

Page: 381-397

Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Strelitzia reginae was studied on six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf extracts of Strelitzia reginae were obtained by the Soxhlet extraction process using the following solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water in the increasing order of their polarity.

In order to locate the maximum and efficient antimicrobial activity among the leaf extracts of Strelitzia reginae, three sets of experiments were conducted.

Firstly, the four extracts of leaves of Strelitzia reginae namely petroleum ether extract (PE), methanol extract (ME), chloroform extract (CE), and aqueous extract (AE) were tested for their antimicrobial activity with two bacterial species. A Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and a Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13882. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the well diffusion method. Among the test samples, samples AE, CE, ME, and PE showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae; samples AE, CE, and PE showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Highest activity was shown by sample CE against Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm). Samples ME and PE showed highest activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm).

Secondly, since the highest antimicrobial activity was located with CE and ME, six Gram-positive bacteria namely; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTCC 25177, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Staphylococcus epidermis ATCC 35984, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314, and six Gram-negative bacteria namely; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13882, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 7903, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 733, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 have been tested with CE and ME of Strelitzia reginae respectively. Among the test samples, sample CE showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus mutans, and sample ME showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes at 4 mg concentration per well.

Thirdly, since CE showed maximum antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition values against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration test was conducted on the micro-organisms that showed zones of inhibition. The sample-CE showed 50% inhibition at 1.25mg against Staphylococcus aureus, 0.625mg against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 1.25mg against Streptococcus mutans, 2.5mg against Escherichia coli, 1.25mg against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.5mg against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5mg against Proteus mirabilis, 2.5mg against Enterobacter aerogenes in micro broth dilution technique.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.19

A Study of Algal Diversity of Choral River with Reference to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae by Pradeep Mansore and Smriti Chitnis

Page: 399-404

Abstract: A study was carried out algal diversity of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae to record of Choral river. The colonial, filamentous, non-filamentous algal genera were recorded in this research study. Total 33 algal taxa were observed from three sites, i.e. site 1, site 2, and site 3 belonging to 8 orders and 17 species of Chlorophyceae, i.e. Spirogyra, Gonium, Pithophora, Oedogonium, Ankistrodesmus, Cosmarium, Closterium, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, Tetraspora, Coelastrum, Mougeotia, Hydrodictyon, Staurastrum, Actinastrum, Selenastrum, Tetraedron Similaraly Bacillariophyceae members, i.e. Surirella, Navicula, Pinnularia, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Nitzschia, Rhopalodia, Pleurosigma 6 order and 9 species and Cyanophyceae members, i.e. Spirulina, Synechocystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Microcystis, Nostoc, Merismopedia, of 4 order and 7 species were recorded. This paper deals with the identification of algal species from freshwater samples collected from different sites of river.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.20

Influence of Organic Weed and Nutrient Management Practices on Weeds, Yields and Economics of Maize in Western Rajasthan
by Lokesh Kumar Jain and P L Maliwal

Page: 405-411

Abstract: An experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Rajasthan, India on maize comprises 6 organic weed management and 5 organic nutrient management treatments implemented in split plot design with 3 replications. Among the various weed management treatments, the minimum total in weed dry matter (215.7 kg ha-1) and maximum weed control efficiency was observed in weed free check as against weedy check while the stale seedbed+ hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS was found at par to weed free check and gave minimum weed index. The grain, stover and biological yields of maize was significantly higher in weed free check as compared to weedy check and almost at per treatment stale seedbed+ hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS. The weed free check recorded maximum grain yield of 3,358 kg ha-1 and stover yield of 6,258 kg ha-1 and recorded significantly higher maximum net return while the treatment stale seedbed + hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS recorded maximum benefit to cost ratio (1.59). The 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN i.e. 90 kg N equivalent) through vermicompost in two splits (75% at sowing+25% as top dressing at 30 DAS) along with seed treatment with fermented organic manure i.e. beejamurt and two spray of jeevamurt significant lowered the weed dry matter as compared to 100% RDN through FYM at harvest in pooled analysis and recorded maximum grain yield (3,169 kg ha-1), net return (Rs. 26,373 ha-1) and benefit to cost ratio (1.49) as compared to 100% RDN through FYM. Similar trend was also reported in various yield attributes.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.21

BOOK REVIEW
Climate Change, Photosynthes is and Advanced Biofuels: The Role of Biotechnology in the Production of Value-added Plant Bio-products
by Ashwani Kumar, Yuan-YeuYau, Shinjiro Ogita and Renate Scheibe

Page: 413-415

MINI BOOK REVIEW
COP26: Global Initiatives on Climate Change and Global Warming: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies by Ashwani Kumar

Page: 417-425

Volume 37 (2021) Issue 1 , (January-2021 to June-2021)

January-June

Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk: In-vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Study by Junali Chetia and L.R. Saikia

Page: 1-7

Abstract: Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk is a weed has various medicinal value. The present study describes the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and phytochemicals present in different aerial parts of the plant. Flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and phenols are sampled in all the parts. Methanol extract of inflorescence had highest phenol and flavonoid content. Methanol extract of mature leaves had highest antioxidant inhibition against ABTS. Hot petroleum ether extract of mature leaf against B. subtilis recorded Zone of Inhibition of 24±2mm which is higher than standard antibiotics like-Chloramphenicol (15±2mm), Clotrimazole (20±0mm) and Streptomycitin (18±0mm). It can be concluded that methanol extract is more potent than the other solvent used. The study suggests that instead of using whole plantwhole plant, specific parts can be used for sustainable management of medicinal plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.1

Bio-based Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesis and its Application in Removing Toxic Dyes from Water Wastes by Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Page: 9-16

Abstract: Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with small size were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method in the presence of biopolymer chitosan. To achieve more discrete nanoparticles and the versatile applications of chitosan it is used for the preparation of chitosan iron oxide nanoparticles. Chitosan covalently bonded on the surface of Iron oxide nanoparticles via chemical activator. Both free chitosan and the chitosan nanocomposite were characterized by using FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, TGA, and Uv- Vis spectroscopy. The equilibrium swelling studies provide support for the improved structural stability of chitosan incorporated with materials over the synthetic precursors. Scanning electron microscope studies reveal the enhanced surface area and adjustable morphology of the incorporated chitosan materials, along with equilibrium and kinetic uptake results with methylene blue dye in aqueous media, revealing greater uptake of chitosan over pristine chitosan composites. The monolayer uptake capacity (Qm; mg g–1) with methylene blue reveals three fold variation for Qm, where chitosan nanocomposite (445.6 mg g–1) > chitosan (289.9 mg/g). The kinetic uptake profiles of congo red follow a pseudo-second-order trend, where the chitosan shows more rapid uptake over chitosan composite. This study reveals that the sorption properties of chitosan are markedly improved upon the formation of a chitosan nanocomposite.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.2

In Vitro Propagation of Water Caltrop (Trapa Natans.) by Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Page: 17-22

Abstract: Present investigation was carried out with the objectives to optimize the conditions of culture medium, shoot proliferation and rooting for mass production of water caltrop trees (Trapa natans.). For sterilization of axillary bud, explants and shoot apexes of wonderful water caltrop treatment, involving HgCl2 (0.1 %) for 3 min gave better sterilization and efficient in vitro propagation is described for wonderful water caltrop using shoot tip and axillary bud explants. The best media for establishment was observed on DKW medium just for the first three weeks. After that, explants sub cultured on WPM medium for proliferation and elongation. ½MS and full MS was used for rooting. Maximum number of shoot (3.9) per explants and shoot length (1.5 to 2.95 cm) were obtained on WPM medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/l B A P + 0.01 mg/L IBA in medium. The highest rooting number was recorded on ½MS medium containing IBA 1mg/l. (1.4) roots per explant. Significantly, higher number of shoots (2.5) and maximum length (2.95cm) of shoot were recorded in 3 percent sucrose, (3000 lux) light intensity and pH 5.8. Rooted plantlets were adopted and transferred to the soil successfully.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.3

Assessment of genetic diversity of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (kendu) growing in Jharkhand, India using RAPD markers by Amita Kumari and Avinash Kumar

Page: 23-31

Abstract: Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (Family: Ebenaceae), is a native tree of India and Sri Lanka. The species has been used extensively in Indian traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases including diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, intermittent fevers, bleeding gums, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. Commercially, its leaves are used in the manufacture of Indian crude cigarette ‘bidi’. Despite of its medicinal and economic importance the genetic structure of D. melanoxylon has not been elucidated.

The present study reports the first attempt of genetic dissection of D. melanoxylon using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. The nature and extent of genetic diversity of 48 genotypes, collected from 8 districts, growing naturally in different parts of the Jharkhand, were determined. The RAPD fingerprints detected 73.96% polymorphism among 96 genetic loci amplified. The dendrogram thus generated resulted into clustering of populations into population specific groups as well as admixture of populations. The genotypes from West Singhbhum were clustered separately from the other genotypes. The mean value for Shannon’s index (I), Nei’s genetic diversity (h), observed numbers of allele (na), effective numbers of alleles (ne) was 0.3618, 0.2375, 1.7396, and 1.3969, respectively. The calculated gene flow was found to be 1.0776, indicative of a high amount of genetic exchange within the species. The result presented here can be a stepping stone for future researches on the population genetics of this species.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.4

Microscopy of Helicteres Fruits by S. R. Chaudhari, H. L. Tare, D. S. Chumbhale, G.Y. Dama and S. R. Deore

Page: 33-40

Abstract: In this short communication, we hereby report Microscopy of fruits of Helicteres isora Linn. It will surely be useful to global researchers in preparation of pharmacopoeial standards for the same.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.5

Scrutiny of Genetic System of Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit., a Functionally Monoecious Perennial with Wide Distribution in the North West Himalayas, J&K, India by Uma Bharti, Eshan Sharma, Indu Sharma and Namrata Sharma

Page: 41-50

Abstract: Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit. (F: Asteraceae), a potent source of scoparone forms populations in foot hills of North-West Himalayas at different climes that include Jammu (332 masl), Rajouri (915 masl) and Kud (1705 masl) regions of J&K state, India. It is a luxuriantly growing plant in the areas of study. The plant exhibits a stable genetic system with diploid chromosome constitution (2n=16) and high pollen viability resulting in high sexual reproductive efficiency. An interesting feature in the species of study is the presence of functional monoecy. The species is predominantly an outcrosser exploiting anemophily. Seed set on open pollination is adequate in dense populations ranging from 52.5% to 60.4%. Present communication encompasses detailed studies on the genetic system of this wormwood species; with focus on the role of functional males in the capitula in percentage seed set in this species.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.6

Distyly in Neanotis indica (DC.) W.H. Lewis (Rubiaceae) by Bir Bahadur

Page: 51-59

Abstract: Distyly in Neanotis indica (DC.) W.H Lewis., (Rubiaceae) a distyous species with Pin flowers (long style and inserted stamens in the corolla tube ) and thrum (flowers with exerted anthers and inserted style) accompanied by self incompatibility in both forms but cross compatibility is described for the first time. The population composition shows panmixis at several locations at Sims Parks, Coonor, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India. Distyly is a reciprocal mechanical arrangement of style and stamen heights accompanied by an array of contrasting differences in pollen and stigma papillae dimorphism accompanied by physiological incompatibility. The pin and thrum morphs are self incompatible but cross compatible in nature. Based on the data it is suggested that the S- supergene of heterostyly controls the genetic architecture in the species.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.7

Suppression of Alternaria Solani in Potting Mixture Amended with Crotalaria Trichotoma Based Composts by Ravikumar M. Chaluvaiah and Rajkumar H. Garampalli

Page: 61-66

Abstract: In the present study botanical soil amendments, namely; botanical composts (obtained from Crotalaria trichotoma), enriched botanical compost (C. trichotoma compost enriched with Trichoderma viride), uncomposted botanical powder (C. trichotoma dried powder only) and enriched uncomposted botanical powder (C. trichotoma dried powder enriched with Trichoderma viride) tested for mangement of early blight of tomato. The inoculum of Alternaria solani mixed in soil potting media in the ratio of 99:0.5:0.5 w/w of soil:inoculum:each compost treatment. Splash irrigation done twice a day to incite disease in treated plants simulates natural condition. All the compost amendments at 0.5% rate were found highly effective in suppressing the disease, with enriched botanical compost, uncomposted botanical powder, enriched uncomposted botanical biomass, and botanical compost showing percent early blight index of 16.5%, 18.3%, 45.1% and 23.3% respectively as compared to 83.3% percent early blight index in negative control.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.8

An Assessment of Tree Diversity of Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand by Anita Kumari and Jyoti Kumar

Page: 67-73

Abstract: Jharkhand is considered to be one of the richest plant diversity states in India. The present paper reveals the study of tree diversity of Jubilee park of Jamshedpur, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand.

Data recorded included plant species name and individual number of each plant species. Data analysed were shannon-wiener Diversity Index, Relative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Dominance and Important Value Index.

The results showed that there were 34 species of trees present in the site. Among the trees Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raf were found to be having highest frequency of 100% followed by Tabebuia rosea (Bertal.) DC. (80%), Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and Ficus benghalensis (40%). The data recorded for trees showed that Tectona grandis (L.f.) and Peltopharum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyhe had highest Important Value Index (IVI) i.e. 23.27 and 18.05. It was followed by another most dominant species Albizia lebbeck (L.) benth with IVI (15.75), yzygium cumini (L.) Skeels with IVI (13.42), Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre with IVI (12.32) etc. The minimum IVI found in Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile is 2.56.

The present study describes the ecological status including taxonomic structure and richness of the terrestrial flora of the Jubilee park.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.9

Covid 19 Pandemic: Misery of Local Farmers in Darjeeling Hills by Prantik Hazra, Shuvam Sharma and Arghya Ghosh

Page: 75-79

Abstract: India had made an early move to constrain the spread of COVID 19, requesting a 21 day across the country lockdown for its population 1.3 billion persons beginning March 25th 2020. The progressing wellbeing emergency had influenced various society including agriculture and farming. This paper represents the effect of lockdown on hill agriculture especially the agricultural business performed by the native peoples of Darjeeling hills who are basically the daily labours. Soils of hills are not suitable for performing agriculture so easily like plain lands and non-application of synthetic pesticides makes hill agriculture so tough. The survey work was divided into two parts one containing period before the lockdown and another lockdown period as well as the unlock phases. Outcome of this report reveals that there was a significant loss to the farmers during the lockdown and unlock phases, especially due to failure of selling the products. Although government has taken several steps to combat this situation, but the crisis is yet unsolved.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.10

Emerging Sugarcane Abiotic Disorders under Subtropical Conditions: An Appraisal by Gulzar S Sanghera

Page: 81-96

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important agro industrial cash crop, providing raw material for different sugar industries and plays crucial role in the economy of several countries. It requires optimum climatic conditions for economic crop production and causes reduced cane and sugar yields otherwise. Climate change especially temperature extremes either low or high causes abiotic disorders like cold / banded chlorosis and sunburn during initial and mid season crop establishment led to yield reduction in sugarcane by affecting its physiology, biochemistry and quality leading to poor agronomic produce in subtropical conditions. Low temperature during winter (December-January) for autumn planting and high temperature during summer (May-June) for spring planting also affects the germination percentage, seedling establishment and ratoonability of early harvested (Nov-Dec) crop. Several breeding and genomics based studies have been conducted to improve the sugarcane production under different stresses in this crop in many areas of the world. The studies on abiotic disorders caused by high and low temperature extremities and their mitigation strategies are scanty. An attempt has been made in this appraisal report to explore sugarcane clones/ cultivars that contribute to adaptation in era of climate change by discovering and introducing desirable genes for agronomic traits using basic breeding methodologies, physiological approaches and new technologies of molecular biology that can mitigate the negative effect of extreme temperature and improve sugarcane yields, productivity and sustainability.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.11

Ipomoea sindica Stapf (Convolvulaceae): A new distribution record from Raigad Maharashtra, India by Preeti V. Phate and Pravin Kawale

Page: 97-100

Abstract: The present paper provides the detail description of species Ipomoea sindica Stapf. along with photographs, distribution map and relevant notes for its easy identification. The specimen was collected for the first time from Alibag and hence is a new distributional record for Raigad, Maharashtra state. As the species is closely related to I. eriocarpa and is always confused with later therefore a pictorial comparison of both is provided for its easy identification in field.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.12

Letter to the Editor
Personal Reminiscences of Robert Emerson and Eugene Rabinowitch by Govindjee Govindjee and Rajni Govindjee

Page: 101-106

Abstract: We present a glimpse into the lives of two great scientists, our professors who guided us during our PhD days (1956-1961): Robert Emerson (1903- 1959) and Eugene I. Rabinowitch (1901-1973). We have divided these reminiscences into two periods: (1) September 1956—February 1959, during which, one of us (Govindjee) was a graduate student of Robert Emerson in “Physico-Chemical Biology”, from 1956, whereas the other (Rajni) was in Botany, from 1957. During this time, Eugene Rabinowitch was a professor next door, but working in the same “Photosynthesis Project”; and (2) March 1959—onwards, when both of us were under Rabinowitch following Emerson’s death in a plane crash on February 4, 1959. After completing PhD (in Biophysics) under Rabinowitch in September 1960, Govindjee worked as a NIH Postdoctoral Fellow until he was appointed as an Assistant Professor in Botany in September 1961. After that, Govindjee and Rabinowitch were faculty colleagues until the latter left Urbana to go to Albany, New York in 1968. Meanwhile, Rajni finished her PhD in Botany in May 1961, and later did extensive research, as a NIH Postdoctoral Fellow and then as a Research Associate under Rabinowitch for many years.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.13

Effect of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Leaf Extract on Seedling Traits and Chromosomal Behaviors by Mitali Gupta and Avinash Kumar

Page: 107-112

Abstract: The present study evaluates the allelopathic and genotoxic effect of various concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of Butea monosperma Lam. on seedling traits of Pisum sativum L. It was observed that allelochemicals had marked effect on seed germination, seedling survival, shoot length and radical length and also caused some abnormalities in chromosomes the root tips of Allium cepa L. Maximum increase in seed germination and other seedling traits occurred at 10% while maximum decrease was at 25% conc. And in genotoxicity test mitotic index was maximum in control and chromosomal abnormalities were maximum at 10% concentration. The implications are discussed.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.14

The Uncultivated and Wild Leafy Vegetable Consumption in Devarakonda by Rama Raju Cherkupally

Page: 113-119

Abstract: Many uncultivated and wild leafy vegetables have been utilized as a food and as folklore medicine since time immemorial. Such vegetables have been part and parcel of the food dishes, especially to the ancient rural and semi-urban dwellers. Despite much nutritional value, researchers and agricultural scientists have given less attention to such vegetables.

A total of 38 plant species belonging to 20 families was recorded after conducting surveys. Family Amaranthaceae recorded the highest number of species (10 species) followed by Caesalpinaceae (5 species), Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Malvaceae, Convolvulaceae, Aizoaceae (2 species each) and remaining all one species each. It is observed that tribal communities not only used for self-consumption, but they also tried to sell by tribal women seasonally in weekly markets to earn income. Uncultivated leafy vegetables like chenchali, bacchali, puntikura, payalkura, ponagantikura, chintachiguru and tootikura are also sold in towns, as they are preferred by people in towns, because they were liked by urban dwellers, and were recognized as well for health. For several reasons, people no longer eat wild seasonal uncultivated greens as in former years, which is the reason for low consumption in this population.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.15

Maize Characterization: From Genotyping to High-Throughput Phenotyping, A Review by Latif Ahmad Peer, Zahoor A. Dar, Aijaz A. Lone and Mohd. Yaqub Bhat

Page: 121-131

Abstract: Zea mays L., Maize, a crop cultivated globally, is used as food, feed, and used to manufacture diversified industrial products. It has become necessary to employ new methods for high maize production and increase its quality potential in response to the upsurge in the human population and climate change. The maize breeding procedures have now incorporated important components like genome-wide selection and high-density genotyping to ease the functional analysis of its genome. Every growth stage displays tremendous genetic diversity in maize, which can be studied through advanced phenotyping and genotyping technologies wherein physiological, genetic, and molecular characteristics can be understood and manipulated. Such studies will undoubtedly lead to an increase in maize crop improvement. This review highlights the developments in the characterization of maize through genotyping and phenotyping with the advent of novel technologies.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.16

Sustainable Agricultural Practices for the Improvement of Growth and Yield of some Important Crops popular in Walwa-tehsil, district Sangli (Maharashtra) - A Review by R. R. Lohar and C. P. Hase

Page: 133-143

Abstract: Soil desertification and its sickness are the significant causes for reduction in growth and yield of crops. The unjudicious application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, monoculture and excess irrigation have adversely affected the soil fertility. In addition to this, various types of soil pollution, alternation in physicochemical properties of soil and climate change (GHG’s, increasing temperature) have aggravated the problem and hence there is plateauing of yield in almost all the crops in Sangli district in general and in Walwa tehsil in particular. As a result of this the farmers are frustrated and going away from agriculture. Due to this deteriorated agro-ecosystem more than 25% farmers are shifting to nearby urban areas like Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Pune and even Mumbai in search of jobs to earn their daily bread and butter. The overall effect is collapsing of the sustainable agricultural practices and disturbances in village ecosystem.

To get more and more yield from the deteriorated soil farmers are giving heavy doses of chemical fertilizers. Considering this situation, a review has been undertaken in this paper for giving a solution through sustainable agricultural practices for some popular crops in the tehsil Walwa. Keeping in the mind that such system should be resource conserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive and environmentally sound. So called modern agriculture requires the replacement by more sustainable choice based eco-friendly agriculture.

Sustainable agriculture is a distinct set of practices, which encompasses the efforts that develop more efficient production system. At present to repair soil damages, to face challenges of climate change, hazardous effects of pesticides, fungicides, weedicides, chemical fertilizers and excess irrigation sustainable agricultural practices may be the hope for second evergreen revolution in future. Sustainable agricultural practices must be employed by the farmers to save the agriculture and to save themselves, which will ultimately lead to save the planet earth. Our government should take emergency steps in favor of sustainable agriculture at the earliest possible and protect the rural India. It is a well-known fact that agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and hence to improve the economy, improvement in agriculture is the need of time.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.17

Systematic Review on Population Status and Economic Importance of Endemic Commercial Timber Tree: Terminalia paniculata Roth (Myrtales: Combretaceae) from Peninsular India by Sanal C Viswanath and T K Hrideek

Page: 145-154

Abstract: Terminalia paniculata is one of the commercially important timber tree species commonly distributed in Kerala and Karnataka region of Peninsular India and mainly used for timber, tannin, fodder products, folk medicine, Ayurvedic treatments and opium poisoning. Natural populations are declining due to high seed emptiness, poor regeneration status and anthropogenic activities such as habitat fragmentation, land conversion and over-exploitation. The timber is superior in quality and mainly used for making beams, rafters, battens and for similar work. The present article focuses on population, regeneration, wood characteristics and economic, ecological, phytochemical and pharmacognostic importance of T. paniculata and this will provide comprehensive information for further research.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.18

Global Warming and Third Generation Algal Biofuels : A Review by Ashwani Kumar, Shobha Johari and Praksha Verma

Page: 155-165

Abstract: Increasing populations and industrialization is causing enhanced production of greenhouse gases (GHG) resulting in global warming. Climate change poses unprecedented threats to human health by impacts on food and water security, heat waves and droughts, violent storms, infectious disease, and rising sea levels. Renewable sources of energy provide and answer to greenhouse gas mitigation as they are carbon neutral or nearly so. However, first generation biofuels require land and water for cultivation and second generation biofuels from lignocellulose waste need technology up gradation to make them commercially viable on large scale. Third generation biofuels from algae are very promising as they can be grown in fresh water, waste water and sea water in ponds and also in closed systems under controlled conditions. The extraction process from Algae is less complicated and more economically viable. In our review we wish to present state of art information on technological advances in biofuel production from algal biofuels for greenhouse gas mitigation.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.19

Aspergillus Niger Tiegh: An Endophyte from Gymnema Sylvestre for its Antihyperglycemic Potential by G. M. Vidyasagar, Roopa S.G., MD. Liyakat Ahmed, Shankaravva Babanagare, Sangeeta M.K. and Ambika Vasantkumar

Page: 167-173

Abstract: Traditional medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre is used to cure many diseases and its availability in nature is very rare. In the present research, as an alternate to the host plant, fungal endophyte from leaves of G. sylvestre was isolated and based on morphological and molecular characterization the isolate was identified as Aspergillus niger Tiegh. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungus was further employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolite, revealed presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol and alkaloid. The oral glucose tolerance test in fungal ethyl acetate extract (250mg/kg body weight) treated Albino mice has shown reduced level of blood glucose compared to the negative control group, whereas compared with standard drug no significant reduction recorded.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.20

Rhizosphere Mycobiome Diversity of Medicinal Plants: A Review by Nusrat Ahmad, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Abdul Hamid Wani and Latif Ahmad Peer

Page: 175-187

Abstract: Rhizosphere mycobiome of medicinal plants and their interaction has a significant effect on the secondary metabolites and plant health. The fungi not only enhance the growth but also modulate the quality of the essential oils and other bioactive compounds as well as can be used as bioinoculants to improve medicinal values of plants and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore the present review is focused on the biodiversity of rhizosphere fungi associated with medicinal plants which will help to draw the inference of trends and identification of key fungal groups as well as to understand their role and importance in harboring above-ground plant diversity. It will be helpful in developing safe and eco-friendly management strategies for the sustainable growth of the medicinal plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.21

Pollen Morphology And Viability Analyses in Clematis terniflora DC by Rajeswari S. and Sumitha V. R.

Page: 189-192

Abstract: Clematis terniflora a highly domesticated ornamental plant, grown mainly for its fragrance, this flowers is propagated entirely by vegetative means. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed, being either pollen sterile or seed sterile. Hence propagation is mainly through stem cuttings. The present study focuses on the palynological investigation involving pollen morphological and viability studies. The electron microscopic study revealed prolate-spheroidal pollen with tricolpate aperture. Viability studies carried out using in vitro and in vivo methods revealed lower germination rate with an estimated rate of about 78.8% pollen sterility. Cross-pollination was better compared to self pollination. Pollen germination was not observed in self-pollinated flowers. The present study revealed limited pollination and fertilization thereby reducing its natural regeneration and population.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.22

Plants and their Resources which are Utilized in Gajalakshmi Puja for Adoring Goddess Lakshmi by Ushashee Mandal, Swagat Kumar Mallick and Gyanranjan Mahalik

Page: 193-196

Abstract: The various species of flora and fauna along with the ecosystem all combined together are known as Biodiversity. Around 80% of the Indians follow Hinduism which is an ancient religion that has many types of beliefs in festivals, and religious practices. Gajalakshmi Puja is one of the eminent festivals mostly honoured and observed in Odisha. The celebration begins from the night of the full moon day i.e. Kumar Purnima and celebrated for 11 days. The plants and plant parts which are used in this holy occasion were gathered from the priest and the other people and mentioned in this paper. A number of 52 plant species are used are belonging to 29 families were recorded during the survey and observation. Among which Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Oryza sativa L., Mangifera indica L. etc. are mostly used in the Gajalakhmi Puja. The different plant species with their botanical name, local name, family, habitat, plant parts usage and form of uses are documented.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.23

Occurrence of Helicotylenchus graminophilus Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 in Kashmir, India, a first report by Javaid Hassan Sheikh

Page: 197-201

Abstract: A significant species of nematodes belonging to the order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 was met to be predominantly prevalent and its morphometeric study revealed alterations from the available description probably because of host variability and habitat change and changing climatic conditions. Helicotylenchus graminophilus Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 was met with the varied intensity on Solanum tuberosum among many other hosts. The morphological variations are significantly noted under remarks with the species under observations. The species as is collected from Solanum tuberosum is a first time report of its occurrence on this host in this region of India as it was found by Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 on Eruca sativa.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.24

Quantification of major bioactive compounds from Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. by Nageswara Rao Naik B, Jyothi D and Vishnuvardhan Z

Page: 203-207

Abstract: Diospyros is an important genus of Ebenaceae family with more than 500 species. These have drawn the attention of investigators by the presence of valuable phytochemicals in them. They have proved their utility in the amelioration of various ailments. The present study constitutes the quantification of major bioactive compounds viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids and terpenoids from Diospyros chloroxylon an endemic species. The pharmacological potential of any plant is being determined based on its chemical constituents. The significant quantities of bioactive compounds quantified in Diospyros chloroxylon rates it an useful species having antioxidative and antibacterial potential.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.25

Propagation of the true ebony, Diospyros ebenum Koenig: A Review by Tresa Hamalton, S. J. Pooja and Almas Khanam

Page: 209-214

Abstract: Diospyros ebenum is an evergreen, slow-growing tree with a dense crown. There are over 600 species of evergreen timbers in the world, many of which are commercially valuable in the international trade of plywood, round wood, sawn wood and veneer, and high-quality wood has always been in demand. D. ebenum yields jet black wood with high density, which is one among the costliest woods. Due to its ease of polishing, D. ebenum finds uses in manufacturing musical and mathematical instruments, carved figures, cutlery handles, chopsticks, gaming pieces, door handles, brushes, combs and billiard cues. The heart wood is insect resistant and regarded as fancy wood, used for fine furniture, veneer and parquet floors. Nevertheless, the species is under threat due to illicit felling and slow germination in natural condition. Clonal propagation of valuable germplasm through vegetative propagation, propagation through seeds and in vitro propagation technologies are an integral component in tree improvement and conservation programs. Owing to its high value, this review is focused on the different propagation approaches that have been successful for D. ebenum.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.26

Obituary

Page: 215-217

Volume 36 (2020)

Volume 36 (2020) Issue 1-2 Comb. , (January-2020 to December-2020)

January-December

Editorial- From the Chief Editor’s Desk

Page: i-ii

Letter to the Editor
Robert Emerson, a Major Contributor of Photosynthesis, had pioneered research in Respiration in the 1920s, under Otto Warburg

Page: 1-4

Abstract:

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.1

English translation of the 1927 doctoral thesis (in German)# of Robert Emerson, a pioneer in Photosynthesis by Hartmut Lichtenthalera and Lars Olof Björnb

Page: 5-24

Abstract:

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.2

Need for paradigm shift in several sectors due to COVID-19 by C P Malik

Page: 25-28

Abstract:

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.3

Jasmonates: An Emerging Approach in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Shivani Lalotra, Akhouri Hemantaranjan, Sanam Kumari and Bhudeo Rana Yashu

Page: 29-39

Abstract: Plant hormones acts as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development under biotic and abiotic stresses. The potential roles of novel phytohormones like Jasmonates had been considered so far and copious investigation is going on in finding the impending role of jasmonates in abiotic and biotic stresses. In the list of known classical plant hormones, jasmonates, [jasmonic acid and its methyl ester (methyl jasmonates)] shown as potential tool in enhancing tolerance of plants against various physiological processes. These oxidized lipids (oxylipins) mainly derived from - linolenic acids (-LAs), plays an active role in senescence, flower nectar secretion, G-protein signaling, and development in plants. Exogenous application of jasmonates on different plant parts have proved effective in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions and also in biotic stress tolerance like pathogen attack or wounding by production of defensive secondary metabolites, through the stimulation of phenyl-propanoid metabolism resulted from accumulation of JA in plant cells or tissues. Based on this prolific role of jasmonates and its derivatives in different fields of biological sciences these phytohormones have opened new vistas and increasing interest in future Agricultural, Biotechnological and Physiological researches.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.4

Award Lecture- How I Reached Thus Far by C P Malik

Page: 41-50

Abstract: The present article summarises the long academic journey of more than five decades by the author. Having served in five universities, taught under and post graduate students and monitored umpteen MSc, MPhil and PhD students, completed several Research Projects sanctioned by PL 480, ICAR, CSIR, UGC, Atomic Energy, Panjab Govt. AICTE, and other agencies. In a long sojourn he was decorated with several Fellowships, Awards, Hons and Letters of Appreciation. Published 48 books, authored nearly 450 research papers in journals of repute. Participated in several seminars held in India and abroad. He was President of several societies.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.5

Ecotoxicity of a Pesticide Dichlorvos on a Biofertilizer Anabaena oryzae
by Saumya Snehee and D.D. Pandey

Page: 51-56

Abstract: Anabaena oryzae, an autotrophic nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium, exhibited strong potentiality to serve as bio-N-fertilizer in place of synthetic fertilizer, urea. But the cyanobacterium was very sensitive to an organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos, frequently employed in the paddy fields of Nalanda for pest control. Dichlorvos inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium above concentration of 5ppm, while the 75 and 100ppm doses were completely lethal for the microorganism. The lethal doses caused massive lysis of the cyanobacterial cells. However, the metabolic activities like photosynthesis, respiration or nitrogen fixation was not influenced by dichlorvos.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.6

A Review on Different Pharmacological & Biological Activities of Azadirachta indica A. Jusm. and Melia azedarach L. by Bhavna Singh, Dhruv Pandya and Archana Mankad

Page: 57-63

Abstract: Azadirachta indica A. Jusm and Melia azedarach L. are medicinal plants, belonging to Meliaceae family. They showed so many Pharmacological activities according to previous researchers like – Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant etc. Even these plants also have so many traditional uses like they are used in leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease and liver problems. This review also shows so many biological activities like Larvaecidal, Antidermatophytic, Immunostimulant, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Hepatoprotective, Antihelminthic, Insecticidal, Pelicudicial, Nematicidal, Cytotoxic, Antifertility activities.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.7

Hormone related growth – promoting potentiality of cyanobacteria – A Review by Saumya Snehee

Page: 65-69

Abstract: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous, oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms. Their co-cultivation with rice, maize, wheat cotton have resulted in enhanced growth and yield of the concerned plant. Cyanobacterial extracts increase seed germination rate, root and shoot length as well. The extract treatment also help in organization of plant parts during tissue culture. Detail chemical analysis have revealed that cyanobacterial strains contain phytohormones like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, which promote growth and development of higher plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.8

Species diversity of aquatic microphytes in Karmaveer Kannamwar (Dina Project) reservoir Regadi, Chamorshi tehsil, Gadchiroli (MS) by M. P. Meshram, R. V. Tijare and Zode Ravindra

Page: 71-76

Abstract: Aquatic microphytes play important role for the functioning aquatic ecosystems. in aquatic ecosystem as a primary producers and have a unique ability to fix inorganic carbon to build up organic substances through primary production. Assessment of aquatic macrophytes diversity from Karmaveer Kannamwar (Dina Project) reservoir Regadi of Chamorshi tehsil district Gadchiroli Maharashtra state, India. A total of 30 species were detected belonging to 6 families and 30 order. Chlorophyceae is the dominant family which contributes 14 species. It is necessary to assessment of biodiversity of aquatic microphytes for conservation and sustainable utilization of aquatic ecosystem.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.9

Rapid GC-MS based Phytochemical Profiling of extracts of germinating seeds of Dolichos lablab Linn. by Sachin Palekar, Behnaz Patel, Girish Nandini and Sandhya Menon

Page: 77-84

Abstract: Dolichos lablab Linn. is a species of bean in the family Fabaceae. In order to reveal the nutraceutical potential of indigenous plants it is essential to develop quality parameters of standardization. In present study, the dried powder of germinating seeds was extracted in nonpolar solvents and the extracts were subjected to GC-MS based investigation for phytochemical profiling. GC-MS served as an operative device for concomitant evaluation of phytoconstituents from the seed extracts. This work provides rapid, sensitive & specific detection of various phytoconstituents present in Dolichos bean, which can help in exploring the therapeutic potential of the plant. This work therefore uncovers the phytochemical profile of Dolichos beans emphasizing their nutraceutical properties against important human diseases.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.10

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of haemorrhoids in Ajantha region District Aurangabad (MS) India. by Manish V. Bankar and Nilesh P. Bhosle

Page: 85-88

Abstract: Piles are called as Haemorrhoids in medical terminology. Haemorrhoids are collection of inflamed tissue in the anal canal. Many people are suffering from Haemorrhoids in India due to undesired food and life style. It has chemical remedy but due to side effects people are using Ayurvedic medicine. So for this concern Ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Ajantha region to find out medicinal plants used for treatment of Haemorrhoids by local people like Tadvi bhilla, Mahadev Koli and other tribes peoples. The study revealed that 19 Plant species belongs to 14 families were found and as per tribes people knowledge it has potential to cure the Haemorrhoids.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.11

Prebreeding and Genetic Enhancement of Oilseed Crops through Wide Hybridization by M. Sujatha,, K.T. Ramya and T. Papi Reddy

Page: 89-97

Abstract: Prebreeding programmes facilitate generation of novel populations essential for crop improvement programme besides identification of heterotic patterns needed for development of hybrid populations. One of the key factors which contributed to successful adoption of prebreeding approach is utilization of landrace germplasms, unadapted exotic lines, and wild relatives from the primary, secondary and tertiary genepools. Prebreeding and cultivar development are essential interdependent activities and are the major controlling factors that determine the pace at which cultivars are released consistently to the farmers. This chapter deals with attempts made employing certain prebreeding methods and strategies followed to transfer key genes from wild genepools to cultivated oilseed crops.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.12

Studies on Floral Morphovaritions of Genus Ipomoea L. From Nasik, Maharashtra. by Shinde H. P., Sanap, C. S. and Sangle, M. P.

Page: 99-104

Abstract: The present research article deals with the study on floral morphovariations of genus Ipomoea L.; a dominant genus belonging to family Convolvulaceae. The detailed survey and frequent field visits were conducted during the period from January 2019 to February 2020. Total 10 species have been collected and studied from various localities like swampy forest area, road side, village, water bodies, and boundaries of agricultural fields across the Nasik region. The recorded species were listed and photographically illustrated to distinguish key characters. The habit, size, shape, pattern and color of corolla well as corresponding lengths of stamens, carpels and their projection have been demonstrated so as to delimit the taxa through primary identification. The species like I.cairica, I. carnea, I. triloba and I. companulata have been found to be distributed more commonly and quite invasive having persistent growth; showed intraspecific variation, complexity in terms of floral attributes, flowering period, anthesis etc.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.13

Characterization of chemical constituents in Viola odorata L. tissues by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
by Lubna Aslam, Shajaat Hussain, Ramanjeet Kaur, Deepika Lalla, Venu Sharma, Nisha Kapoor and Ritu Mahajan

Page: 105-116

Abstract: Viola odorata L. commonly known as Banafsha is a popular medicinal plant, used for the treatment of various respiratory ailments. Various plant tissue of Viola odorata plays an important role in anticancerous and antimicrobial activities. In the present study, metabolic profiling of the petiole and berry tissues of the plant was evaluated using LC-HRMS that revealed the presence of important metabolites in V. odorata. The petiole extract showed the presence of acetonic acid, cysteinyl glycine, dihydrocodeine, methionine, isoflavone glycoside and dafachronic acid, whereas berry extract indicated the presence of 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, eugenol, cycloheximide, flavanol O-glycosides, myriocin, orotic acid, delphinidin. This is the first study that reports the presence of important metabolites in petioles and berries of V. odoarata from Kishtwar region of J&K.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.14

High Throughput Extraction, Partial Purification And Characterization Of Antioxidant Enzyme Ascorbate Peroxidase (Apx) Present In Chilli (Capsicum Annuum, Var. Azad Mirch-1) Plant by Saumya Katiyar and Anil Kumar

Page: 117-124

Abstract: In this study, extraction, partial purification and characterization of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (APX) present in chilli (Capsicum annuum, var. Azad mirch-1) plant was performed. Fresh tissues of chilli plant were grown in experimental form of the Rama University Mandhana, Kanpur (India). APX enzyme was isolated in vitro conditions and detected by the spectrophotometic based enzyme assay. APX was purified with the use of column chromatography. APX enzyme was purified up to 59.62 fold with 30.33 % yield. The native molecular weight was obtained 57 kDa (homomer). The optimal temperature and pH of the chilli APX enzyme were found 55 °C and 7.5. The Km values were determined for both the substrate i.e. ascorbate and H2O2 by drawing plots between enzyme velocity vs substrate concentration and obtained Km values of ascorbate and H2O2 were found 2.41 mM and 1.77 mM respectively. Present study may be helpful for the agromonic practices and health related issues.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.15

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Foothill Condition of Nagaland by Kisemsala Longkumer and H. P. Chaturvedi

Page: 125-130

Abstract: Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all the character studied. The studies also showed that the PCV were higher than the GCV for all the characters studied indicating the role of environmental variance in the total variance. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in days to 50% flowering and diameter of pods indicating that these characters are controlled by additive gene effect and phenotypic selection of these characters would be effective for further breeding purpose. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive association with seeds per pod and shelling percentage. The path analysis revealed that seeds per pod contributed maximum positive direct effect on pod yield per plant and also exhibited positive correlation with yield. This shows true relationship between these traits and selection emphasis should be given on seeds per pod.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.16

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of (Z)-7-methoxy-1, 5-dihydrobenzo[c] oxepine isolated from Curcuma caesia Roxb. by Arghya Ghosh

Page: 131-134

Abstract: The assessment of antimicrobial potentiality of (Z)-7-methoxy-1, 5-dihydrobenzo[c] oxepine was the primary objective of this study. Assessment of its antimicrobial activity was performed using disc diffusion assay respectively. The bioactive compound was terpenoid in nature. The MIC values tested against different pathogenic bacteria. The MIC values of this mono-terpenoid was 150 ìg/ml for the bacterium staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris and 200 g/ml for the bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio cholerae respectively. This is the first report of the bioactive nature of (Z)-7-methoxy- 1, 5- dihydrobenzo[c]oxepine against above microorganisms. Due to its antimicrobial property it may function in ethnomedicinal purpose.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.17

Rediscovery Of Tectaria Trimenii (Bedd.) C.Chr. (Dryopteridaceae: Pteridophyta), A Critically Endangered Fern, In South India.
by Vineesh, T. V., Reshma Raju, Venugopalakrishna Kurupu , V.& Gangaprasad, A

Page: 135-138

Abstract: Tectaria trimenii (Bedd.) C. Chr., which is a critically endangered fern, has been rediscovered in south India. This species was only once collected in India, by Beddome, in 1881. As nobody collected this species there after Beddome, it was thought probably to have become extinct in India. Detailed description and photographs are provided here to help botanists for an easy identification.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.18

Morpho-cytology and its impact on seed viability in Vitex negundo (Linn) an unexplored wild shrub from Jammu division, J&K (India) by Nisha Bhagat, Mamata Jamwal, Arun Kumar Khajuria and Rupali Nanda

Page: 139-149

Abstract:

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.19

Isolation and Characterization of Lectins from Dolichos lablab and Lagenaria siceraria by Prachi Nikam and Kanchan Chitnis

Page: 151-156

Abstract: Lectins are proteins found in plants and different organisms. They possess the ability to bind to specific carbohydrate and can agglutinate erythrocytes. In the present study, two Indian varieties of plants namely, Field Beans (Dolichoslablab) and Bottle Gourd (Lagenariasiceraria) were used to extract and characterize lectins for their haemagglutination activity against the human ABO blood group antigens. Boiled and unboiled seeds and pulp were used. Crude extracts were prepared using 0.15M NaCl solution and were estimated for proteins by Biuret method. Salting out fractions were obtained using Ammonium sulphate and proteins from these fractions were estimated by Folin Lowry method. Field beans had higher protein content (4.76mg/ ml) than Bottle Gourd (1.05 mg/ml) and there was a decrease in protein content after boiling(2.12 mg/ml, and 0.58 mg/ml respectively). The crude extract and fractions were assayed for qualitative and quantitative hemagglutination activity and sugar specificity. Field Beans extract of unboiled seeds showed agglutination with human blood group A and B showed a very high intensity with Hemagglutination Units (HU) of 1024. Field Beans extract showed agglutination with blood group A even after boiling, although the intensity was lesser than unboiled extract. Bottle Gourd extracts did not show any agglutination activity. Positive haemagglutination for Blood Group A and B was observed exclusively in Dolichoslablab fraction: 0-25%. The other fractions did not show any haemagglutination activity indicating that lectin was extracted in the 0-25% fraction. This fraction was electrophoresed by Native PAGE. A single band of approximately 66.5kDa was observed on the gel. Lectins of Dolichoslablab were found to bespecific for sugars- Glucose, Galactose and Lactose. From this study, it was concluded that boiling decreased the lectin activity but did not completely alleviate it. This is contrary to the belief that boiling leads to complete removal of lectin activity. Agglutination activity of Dolichoslablab lectin can be used in blood typing and also in differentiation of normal and aberrant cells. Lectins can help in early detection of changes in cell topology, especially in cancer. The lectin from Dolichoslablabhasshown to be very potent, with very high agglutination titreunits. Thus, it shows great promise in detecting very subtle changes in glyco-topology of aberrant cells.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.20

Phytochemical and antioxidant attributes of Rhus chinensis Mill., an edible wild fruit from Sikkim Himalaya by Dhani Raj Chhetri, Jutisna Mahanta, Arun Chettri and Aditya Pradhan

Page: 157-166

Abstract: Rhus chinensis Mill. is a wild medicinal plant found in Sikkim Himalaya, which yields edible fruits. The juice concentrate from the fruits is used traditionally for the cure of various gastric disorders. The present study was carried out to analyze the phytochemical and nutraceutical constituents of the fruits of R. chinensis and to see whether the antioxidant properties are related to these constituents. Proximate and nutritional analyses were performed by the AOAC methods. Lycopene and β- carotene were estimated by the method of Nagata and Yamashita. Total phenolics was calculated in terms of gallic acid equivalents and total flavonoids as well as flavonol contents were calculated as rutin equivalents using standard methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity. Mineral contents were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The findings reveal the presence of a very high content of phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C and dietary fibres in addition to the appreciable amounts of lipids, total carbohydrates and calorific value. The fruit extracts prepared in water, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol exhibited strong antioxidant activity in different assays. Solvent and assay specific variations were evident. The fruits also contained high levels of micro- and macro elements. The study supports the medicinal and nutritional value of Rhus chinensis. The medicinal properties exhibited by the fruit extracts may be due to its strong antioxidant properties and the antioxidant properties in turn may be due to the presence of appreciable level of secondary metabolites.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.21

Floristic composition and life form spectrum analysis of vascular plants growing in Gargi College campus, University of Delhi, Delhi-49 by Renu Soni, Renu Puri and Vera Yurngamla Kapai

Page: 167-175

Abstract: Floristic diversity is specific for an ecological area and plays an important role in every ecosystem. The present study deals with floristic composition and life form analysis of vascular plants, which grow in Gargi college campus and are compared with Raunkiaer’s life form spectrum. The whole campus area was surveyed during 2018 to 2019 for the record of plant specimens. Plant species growing wild as well as cultivated have been listed belonging to vascular plants (angiosperm, gymnosperm and pteridophyte). A total of 199 plant species of 172 genera and 69 families were recorded, including 2 pteridophytes, 7 gymnosperms and 190 angiosperms (23% monocots and 77% dicots). Fabaceae was found as the most dominant family in the flora of the project area that contributed 17 species, followed by Apocynaceae (10 species), Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Poaceae (9 species), Asparagaceae and Malvaceae (8 species), Arecaceae (7 species) while rest of the families shared 1-6 species. It was recorded that herbs were dominating fraction in the floristic composition that contributed 38%, followed by trees (32%), shrubs (16%), climbers (5%) and shrub to trees (4%), whereas rest of 4 categories were in the range of 3- 0.005%. Phanerophytes were the most abundant life form that constituted 55.28% of the total flora, followed therophytes by (29.15%), chamaephytes (6.53%), geophytes (5.03%) hemicryptophytes (3.02%), and hydrophytes (1.01%).

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.22

Variability and character association studies in Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) by Thokala Surekha, Pankaj Shah and Preeti Kumari

Page: 177-183

Abstract: Present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of variability and character association for grain yield and contributing traits in black gram genotypes at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University Medziphema campus representing foot hill condition of Nagaland. Pulses being the major source of protein of vegetarian population of India are high in demand. So this study aimed to identify genotypes of black gram which have a broad spectrum of variability and traits having positive association with seed yield for indirect selection. Studies were done in twenty-six genotypes of black gram for twelve traits. The results indicated that PCV was higher than the GCV for almost of all the traits. High heritability was observed for seed yield per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of clusters per plant suggesting that these traits are primarily under genetic control. Correlation studies revealed a significant and positive association of seed yield per plant with number of pods per cluster and number of clusters per plant at phenotypic level. In general, the magnitude of genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation. This suggested a strong genetic association between the traits and the phenotypic expression was suppressed due to environmental influence. Based on variability and association studies, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per cluster were found to be the major contributing traits for yield. Therefore, these traits can be considered as selection criteria for selection and for discrimination of outstanding black gram genotypes.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.23

Reducing the use of fungicides sprays with natural compounds and biocontrol agents for late blight management: a review by Abdul Majeed, Zahir Muhammad, Rehmanullah, Naila Inayat, Saira Siyar and Shabir Hussain Wani

Page: 185-196

Abstract: Late blight of potato, a pathogenic disease of members of Solanaceae caused by Phytophthora infestans, has drastic effects on yield and quality of potato and tomato. The disease is generally managed by exhaustive applications of different fungicides, which manifests an efficient mechanism to minimize yield losses; however, the evolution of new pathogenic strains of P. infestans with unusual virulence potentials and fungicide resistance and environmental problems caused by fungicide use has drawn much attention in recent times to revise the disease control methods. Addressing the public and scholarly concerns over the frequent uses of late blight fungicides, novel, eco-friendly and safe, natural compounds are needed to be used as fungicides alternative for controlling late blight disease. This article reviews the potential role and efficacy of some natural compounds as alternative agents to commonly used fungicides. The discussion particularly focuses on plant and compost extracts, essential oils and biological antagonists as a whole or their products as possible substitutes or analogues to synthetic fungicides.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.24

Antioxidant activity of micro propagated Ocimum citriodorum by K. Santhi, P. Udhayaraja and R. Sengottuvel

Page: 197-201

Abstract: In vitro studies on micropropagation protoplast culture on Ocimum citriodorum and its antioxidant activity was investigated. The healthy plants of Ocimum citriodorum were collected in Kodaikanal were raised and maintained at Poonga Biotech Research Centre, Chennai. Maximum primary callus initiation (75 ± 5.0 %) for Ocimum citriodorum was documented in leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4.52 M). Similarly MS medium supplemented with BA (4.44 μM) and NAA (0.14 μM) recorded 75 % shoot regeneration producing highest number of total shoots (8.33 ± 1.15) with an average shoot length of 5.43 ± 0.06 cm from nodal explants after six weeks of culture. the optimal rooting response was observed on half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (2.46 μM) in terms of average number of roots (6.0± 1.0) with mean root length of 4.90 ± 0.26 cm per shoot with 75±5.0 % of rooting response recorded after 30 days of culture. mother plant and in vitro plant had the highest radical-scavenging activity (71.3%) and (65.2) respectively. Least percentage of radical-scavenging activity (17.6 %) was recorded in the in vitro callus extract (Methanol extract) of Ocimum citriodorum.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.25

Note on extended distribution of Vigna indica Dixit et al (Fabaceae) in Karnataka, India by Sidanand V. Kambhar, Rahul R. Patil and Manjunath L. Hanji

Page: 203-204

Abstract: The species of Vigna indica Dixit et al, was recorded from Vijayapur and Chikodi tahshil of Belagavi District, Karnataka. The present collection of this species found new distribution record for Karnataka state. The short description and distribution also been provided.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.26

Callus induction, proliferation, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Gladiolus communis L. by Peer Saffeullah and Neelofer Nabi

Page: 205-209

Abstract: Gladiolus communis L. is an ornamental herb belonging to family Iridaceae, which is widely used in cut-flower business. But multiplication rate of Gladiolus is very slow in natural conditions and is damaged by Fusarium corm rot. So, this study was aimed to design an efficient callus induction and plant regeneration protocol for Gladiolus. Callus was induced using bulb explants of Gladiolus when incubated on MS medium supplied with various concentrations of 2,4-D. Maximum callus proliferation was obtained in 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-D amended medium, but the proportion of callus proliferation showed a decreasing tendency at higher concentration (1-2 mgL-1 2,4-D). At lower concentrations (0.5 mgL-1 2, 4-D), the maximum callus proliferation was observed (1.10 g), while at 1.0 mgL-1the callus biomass was 0.9 g in 4 weeks after inoculating the initial mass of 0.3g of callus . So, high concentrations of 2, 4-D decreased the rate of callus formation. Auxins particularly, 2,4-D (1-2 mgL-1) is crucial for initiation of embryogeniccalli with maximum embryogenic induction frequency of 70% in 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-D supplemented MS medium. The medium when supplemented with BAP either alone or in combination with NAA results in development of somatic embryos with globular and other stages. The maximum no. of embryos was observed in 0.5 mgL-1BAP and 0.5 mgL-1 NAA amended medium. Plants were regenerated on the BAP and NAA supplemented medium with maximum conversion frequency of 75% in 0.5 mgL-1 BAP and 0.2 mgL-1 NAA added medium. Rooting of regenerated plants was done on 0.5 mgL-1 IBA fortified half strength MS medium. So, this efficient protocol for callus induction, proliferation, somaticembryogenesis can be used for rapid propagation of Gladiolus communis.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.27

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and endophytic (DSE) association in the dominant grasses of Melghat forest (Phase -II), India by P.W. Deotare, S.P. Khodke, R.C. Maggirwar and S.K. Kharwade

Page: 211-224

Abstract: Soil fungi play a crucial role in producing fundamental ecosystem services such as soil fertility, nutrient cycling and establishment of plant community dynamics in the forest. Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (AMF)are one of the most important members of this soil microbial community in the ecosystem. They are beneficial soil symbionts fulfilling a key function in the complex networks of belowground biotic interactions.AsMelghat Tiger Reserve of Satpura terrain India was not surveyed earlier by anybody to explore AMF diversity associated with grasses, wehave carried out the survey in two phases. In the phase II of study, different grass species belonging to 35 species of 27 genera from core region were screened for association of AMF and dark septateendophyte (DSE). All these grasses were randomly collected from 9 different sites. Sporobolusindicus var.fertilis was found to be the most dominant grass species. The composite soil sample was prepared for each site and used for physicochemical analysis by standard methods and their correlation study was carried out. The rhizosphere soil samples were used to extract AMF spores and out of 1214 viable spores from 9 different sites in all 25 different AMF species representing 4 genera were identified. The mean % AMF was found to range between 5.83 to 47.31,% DSE from 0.22 to 29.43 and spore count from 0.66 to 65.33. AcaulosporascrobiculataTrappe was the most dominant AMF species. The roots showed hyphal penetration and appressorium, vesicles, H-connections and Y-junctions of hyphae, hyphal coils, intraradical spores, extraradical hyphae and spores which confirmed the AMF association. Various types of arbuscules have been reported such as in 17 grasses Arum type, in 28 grasses Paris type and in 2 grasses intermediate type. Intraradicle spores were found in 7 grasses. The grass family is one of the largest and important families of the plant kingdom. It has great adaptability and is essential component of all type of ecosystems. In present investigation the consistent colonization of AMF along with DSE association with grasses suggests that these fungi have a significant ecological function. Such studies could provide very useful information for the maintenance of special habitats like Melghat Tiger Reserve forest. We need to design further studies to understand the significance of the coexistence of these fungi at the ecosystem level by using some molecular tools.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.28

Novel Researches in Life Sciences : Plants by C P Malik

Page: 225-235

Abstract: In the new year umpteen new discoveries are made in different organisms. The present review highlights some of the outstanding novel researches pertinent to plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.29

Variable antioxidative responses to salt (NaCl) stress among seven different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties by R. Desingh and G. Kanagaraj

Page: 237-244

Abstract: Antioxidant characteristics were determined in seven sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties (PAIYUR-1, SVPR-1, TMV-3, TMV-4, TMV-5, VIR-1 and VIR-2) subjected to salt stress of different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120mM) as a basal dose and sampling was done in leaves on 30th Days After Treatment (DAT). Leaf extracts of TMV-3 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX and POD), while the lowest activities were recorded with PAIYUR-1. Lower rates of membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolytic leakage were noticed in the leaves of TMV-4 under salt stress. The leaves of TMV-3 and TMV-4 accumulated more proline, glycine betaine and abscisic acid under salt stress while lower content in PAIYUR-1 and VIR-1. Our data revealed that among seven sesame varieties TMV-3 and TMV-4 have efficient antioxidative characteristics which could provide better protection against oxidative stress in leaves under salt stressed conditions.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.30

Floral Phenology of Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker In Subtropical Climes Of Jammu. by Renuka Kumari, Mamata Jamwal and Namrata Sharma

Page: 245-248

Abstract: Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker, a perennial herb with a disc like reduced stem and thick, fleshy and cylindrical root tubers, is a plant of repute as its fasciculated roots are reported to be used as a tonic and constitute an important ingredient in number of ayurvedic and unani formulations. Present communication is based on phenological events of this medicinally important species in the subtropical climes of study area i.e. Jammu, J&K state, India. Every year these plants pass a brief period of senescence from November to February when temperature dips down even to 10.1° C. New flush of leaves sprout in the middle of March or beginning of April. Commencement of flowering occurs in the end of April. Flowers are arranged into large sized panicles. Placement of essential organs in the flowers, protandry and other pollination events reveal speices to be a cross pollinated one. Fruiting occurs by the end of August/ September and the above ground parts dry up by the middle of November.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.31

Salinity Stress On Mineral Elements In Seven Sesame Varieties by G. Kanagaraj And R. Desingh

Page: 249-254

Abstract: Salinity is one of the environmental limiting factors in agricultural production for the aim of investigating the effects of salt stress on some physiological traits in seven sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties including PAIYUR–1, SVPR–1, TMV–3, TMV–4, TMV–5, VIR–1 and VIR–2. Young and fully matured leaves were taken from control and salinity treated plants on 15th Days After Treatment (DAT), 30th (DAT) and 45th (DAT) for all the experiments in different salinity (NaCl) concentrations of control, 40mM, 80mM, 120Mm. During the experiments the minerals elemental analysis of the leaves content of were measured. On 45th DAT, significantly higher enhancement of various minerals elements, abscisic acid and protein content was observed in TMV-3 with 120mM salinity by relative to control plants while lower enhancement was noticed in PAIYUR-1 with 120mM salinity by compared to control plants. Moderate enhancement of various physiochemical parameters was monitored in the variety VIR-2, TMV-3 was closely followed by TMV-4, VIR-1, SVPR-1 and TMV-5 with 120mM salinity on 45th DAT compared to control plants. Our results suggest that better high percentage of maintained higher content of mineral elements, abscisic acid and protein content and lower accumulation of sodium and chloride in the leaves in TMV-3 indicates its adaptability to salinity stress.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.32

Control of some fungal disease of Arachis hypogeal L. (Groundnut) by using plant leaf extract by V.B. Sonawane

Page: 255-259

Abstract: The present studies control of fungal disease of Arachis hypogeal L. by using plant leaf extract during the period 2018– 2019. Plant suffers from many fungal diseases. Fungal disease management programme cost very effective and eco friendly components like plant extract are used to control soil borne fungal plant pathogens. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia bataticola fungal plant pathogens of groundnut. Effect of four different plant extracts at three different concentrations 30%, 50%, and 100 percentage. The fungal pathogen was studied by Food poisoning Technique. The 100 % concentration of these plants extracts showed more inhibition in the growth of pathogen than other 50% and 30 % concentration. Maximum percentage of 64.7 and 77.5 was recorded against Aspergillus flavus using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica at 50 and 100 percentage concentrations respectively. Datura stramonium was least effective in inhibiting growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola with percentage inhibition of only 67.8. Fusarium oxysporum was effectively controlled by Datura stramonium, Withania somnifera. Withania somnifera was found to be most effective in controlling Aspergillus niger while Datura stramonium was effective against Aspergillus niger. In general Datura stramonium, Withania somnifera were effective control of fungal pathogen as compared other two leaf extract.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.33

Pollen Viability Study of Solanum erianthum D. Don by Soumi Ghosh, Tustu Mondal and Anjalika Roy

Page: 261-265

Abstract: Pollen viability tested in Solanum erianthum D. Don by stain tests and in vitro pollen germination to ascertain the effects of essential compounds on pollen germination for designing efficient seed setting. Three stain tests (TTC, acetocarmine and safranin) and different growth media test e.g. sucrose, boric acid and gibberellic acid (alone and in combination) were done for pollen viability. The flowers generally open at 04:30 to 07:00 AM, after which anther dehiscence takes place. TTC test was more reliable. Percentage of germination was low in sucrose or boric acid medium. Maximum germination and pollen tube development was in 25% sucrose solution with 100 ppm boric acid. The gibberellic acid added to the basal medium reduced the germination rate. Accurate nutrient medium is required for proper growth and development of pollen tube.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.34

Unveiling the secrets of plant-parasitic nematodes for effective management by Shilpy Shakya and Bindhya Chal Yadav

Page: 267-280

Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the nature’s most successful of all parasites. These tiny animals have been reported from all terrains of all continents. In spite of having one of the simplest body forms, these animals have diversified them to acquire almost all possible niches and their feeding habits. Several important features present with them greatly help them to have upper hand compared to other pathogens in nature. Even in the absence of amphimixis in certain plant-parasitic nematodes, these animals have tremendous genetic diversity. Plant-parasitic nematodes have developed sophisticated strategies to cross-talk with their host. Several important proteins effectors from nematode and also, proteins from host faithfully co-ordinates this sophisticated dialogue between host-pathogens. It has also been reported that plant-parasitic nematodes have acquired / borrowed genes from bacteria through a process of horizontal gene transfer. Painstaking researches have led to identification of the parasitism genes which encodes the proteins required for successful completion of life-cycle. Although responsible for more than $175 billion annually to worldwide agriculture, we have only a handful method to control the damage caused by them. Our limited understanding of the biology of these nematodes severely limits our progress towards designing novel control strategies. With introduction of the several new molecular tools in field of plant nematology, have opened up new vistas in our understanding and also offered unparallel opportunity to look beyond traditional control methods and have a look in secret world of plant-parasitic nematodes.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.35

Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth Performance, Cellular Responses and Antioxidant Production Capacity of Medicinal Plants by Malini Bhattacharyya Puneet S. Singh and Babita Patni

Page: 281-287

Abstract: Soil salinity is a condition of the presence of a high amount of salt ions in the soil. Salt ions are toxic for plants. It is also harmful for medicinal plants. High salt concentration in the soil causes necrosis, rupture in the cell membrane and tissue degradation. But in plants, salinity stress acts as an elicitor of secondary metabolites. The saline condition helps in the up-regulation of defense mechanisms. For that reason, the accumulation of a large number of secondary metabolites happens. These could be beneficial for industries as well as transgenic research. In this review, we discussed the significance of salinity stress on medicinal plants growth pattern, cellular signalsand secondary metabolites upregulation.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.36

FTIR AND HPLC Analysis Of Andrographis Alata (Vahl.) Nees Of Family Acanthaceae by K .Bhavani and S Bangajavalli

Page: 289-294

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to determine the various bioactive components of whole plant of Andrographis alata (Vahl.) Nees using FTIR and HPLC analysis. The FTIR analysis of Andrographis alata (Vahl.) Nees showed various stretching frequencies revealed the presence of Alkyl halides, alkynes, alkenes ether, ether or aloxy, acyl or nitro compounds, alkene or aromatics, amides, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acid, alkanes, alcohol, aromatic ring, amides , amines, alkynes and phenol. By using HPLC analysis showed the presence of the 0.01 % of andrographolide. The detailed investigation done with these processes helps in screening active compounds from this plant which lead to further discovery of new drugs for various diseases and ailments.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.37

Development and Validation of a GC-MS with SIM Method for the simultaneous estimation of 13 docosenamide, n-tetracosanol-1 and squalene from the leaf extracts of Wagatea spicata by Nandini Girish, Vikas Vaidya and Seema Sapale

Page: 295-302

Abstract: Wagatea spicata (Dalzell) Wight (Moullava spicata (Dalzell) Nicolson) is a plant of the western ghats of India. The plant has been popularly used in tribal medicine as a cure for respiratory and skin disorders in the form of its roots and stem bark respectively. [8,16] However, the folklore does not give much account of the benefits of the leaves of the plant. Three phytoconstituents have been isolated and characterized using advanced techniques like the Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from the said plant. [12,13] In order to establish the additional quality parameters, the prime objective of the present work was to assess the phytochemical profile of the plant. Effort was made to quantify 13 docosenamide, ntetracosanol- 1 and squalene from the leaf extracts of Wagatea spicata using GC-MS. A simple, precise and accurate GC-MS method has been established for simultaneous quantitation of three components (13 docosenamide, squalene and n-tetracosanol-1) from Wagatea spicata.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.38

Ultrasonic Assessment Of Refined And Unrefined Mustard Oils by Kumari Bibha, Yadav R. P. and Singh P.P.

Page: 303-311

Abstract: This paper presents an ultrasonic method to measure the physico-chemical properties of mustard oil. This oil has a distinctive pungent taste, characteristic of all plants in the mustard (Brassicaceae) family.1 Over last decade less work has been done in evaluation of physico-chemical for a wide variety of mustard oil using ultrasonic technique. Ultrasound can be used to determine the dynamic rheology and composition of oils, the oil contents.2 Mustard oil has been ultrasonically assessed because of it has an important implication in spread ability and consistency of fatty materials. Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements have useful in investigations of structures of oils and interactions between the molecules.3 The ultrasonic velocity (v), density (ñ), acoustic impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility ( ), free length ( ) have been measured at fixed frequencies, 3MHz, in mustardoils. Mustard oils have characterized for specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, and refractive indices using standard methods.4 Low power ultrasound [LPU] in the food industry is as an analytical technique for providing information about the hysicochemical properties of foods, such as composition, structure and physical state are responsible for changes in acoustical parameters.5,6 Physical properties of edible oils depend primarily on composition and temperature. The influences of temperature on physical-chemical properties are analyzed so that the refined oils and other exotic varieties have arrived recently. Mustard oil is best when consumed in its raw form known as ‘kachchi ghani’. “Our forebears have used mustard oil for centuries. A comparative study of different brands of mustard oil has shown in present paper.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.39

Elucidating the Significance of Nitrogen requirements in Rice Cultivation: Review
Babita Patni by Babita Patni

Page: 313-321

Abstract: High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become debating issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.)Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in irrigated rice production. The high yields of irrigated rice also gets associated with large applications of fertilizer N (Cassman et al., 1998). Although N supply drives productivity, low fertilizer N use efficiency is a major characteristic of irrigated rice systems (Cassman et al., 1998). The low fertilizer N use efficiency has to be increased in the next decades to increase rice production to meet the food demands of a rapidly growing population (Jing et. al. 2007). Rice is one of the most important food crops in China, accounting for about 28% of the total grain-sown area, 43% of total grain production, and 40% of total calorific intake in the country (Huang et al., 2001). Approximately, 30% of the nitrogen used as fertilizer in the world is consumed in China of which rice crop consumes about 37% (Peng et al., 2002). The average rate of N application for rice production in China is high and N use efficiency is low when compared with other major rice growing countries (Peng et al., 2002). Reduction of N loss enhances both N in the soil and N use efficiency, alongwith reduced environmental costs associated with denitrification and leaching of NO3(George et al., 1993). Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in irrigated cultivation is lower than that of dryland rice with or without covering the soil by plastic film (Ai et al., 2003). Hence, it is important to improve N use efficiency in the rice crop in the world (Lin et. al., 2006).We must understand role of nitrogen in rice production because nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient being a important component of amino acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, chlorophyll, enzymes, and hormones required for rapid plant growth and improves grain yield and grain quality through higher tillering, leaf area development, grain formation, grain filling, and protein synthesis. In this regard the article has focused on how the nitrogen fertilizer is applied ,what is the impact of fertilizer nitrogen dose on morphophysiological ,biochemical and yield attributes of rice. However, future research is required to investigate themost appropriate urea application sites and fertilization nitrogen levels for different soil types,Therefore, we could assume that adoption of suitable fertilizer dose in rice cultivation is very important in enhancing agricultural benefits.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.40

Influence of foliar application of mineral nutrients on vegetative and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler by Gurpias Singh, Dilip Singh Kachwaya, Venkata Satish Kuchi, Manjinder Singh, Jagmeet Singh and Bavdeep Singh

Page: 323-328

Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during the year 2017-18 to study the effect of pre-harvest foliar application of nutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) having nine treatments with three replications. Treatments consisted of FeSO4 (0.4% and 0.6%), ZnSO4 (0.4% and 0.6%), Ca(NO3)2 (0.4% and 0.6%) and Borax (0.1% and 0.2%), while in control water is sprayed. The results revealed that the plants treated with 0.6% FeSO4 increase vegetative growth in terms of plant height (20.91 cm), plant spread (31.37 cm), number of leaves per plant (28.50), leaf area (110.00 cm2), leaf area index (3.77), leaf fresh weight per plant (59.38 g) and leaf dry weight per plant (17.11 g). Maximum number of flowers per plant (17.52) and number of fruits per plant (12.19) also reported in plants treated with 0.6% FeSO4. However, the plants treated with 0.6% ZnSO4 increase yield attributes and fruit quality attributes in the terms of fruit weight (13.52 g), fruit length (44.52 mm), fruit breadth (30.64 mm), yield per plant (129.10 g), yield per hectare (6.76 tonnes), TSS (12.67 °B), ascorbic acid (60.53 mg/100g pulp), total sugar (7.96 %) and lowest acidity (0.78 %). Highest shelflife of fruits (2.75 days) were recorded in 0.6% Ca(NO3)2 treated plants.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.41

Leaf Clearing: A Review by Saima Rashid Mir, V.A Patil, B.M Shinde and M.M Jana

Page: 329-333

Abstract: The clearing of leaves to reveal the leaf venation can be successfully accomplished by diverse methods. Leaf venations are an important feature for botanists and taxonomists to identify and catalogue a plant species, it has several waves of interest among morphologists and paleobotanists in studying of plant material total as such. Cleared leaves of different plant species can be stained and mounted to form ineradicable and permanent specimens applicable for research and class room study. The present paper depicts the review of literature on leaf clearing and its significance in Plant Sciences.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.42

Evaluation Of Drought Stress Management Using Acc Deaminase Producing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria by Raja A, Prabakaran P, Ezhilarasu A And Ammu D

Page: 335-341

Abstract: The application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agro-ecosystems is considered to have the potential for improving plant growth under drought tolerance. In the present study four different bacteria were isolated from paddy field. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium sp. All the four isolates were initially selected for their ability to produce IAA, phosphate solublization, siderophore production and ACC deaminase. Among them, Rhizobium sp and Pseudomonas sp were found to be potent isolates capable to produce siderophore, Acc deaminase and tolerate drought induced by PEG. Rhizobium sp showed the highest level of ACC deaminase and could efficiently enhance the root and shoot growth ratio followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of bacterial treatment were significant at p < .05 and not significant in control. These results suggest drought tolerant Pseudomonas sp and Rhizobium sp from V.radiatae could enhance plant growth under drought stress conditions and serve as effective bioinoculants to sustain agricultural production in arid regions.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.43

Stachytarpheta jamacensis(L.) Vahl. : Chemical, pharmacognostical, and ethnomedicinal studies. by Sneha Sahay and Jyoti Kumar

Page: 343-352

Abstract: Stachytarphetajamacensis (L.) Vahl. be a member of Verbenaceae family and is frequently recognized by snake weed. It is one of the important plants with high medicinal and nutraceutical benefits. The T.S of leaves shows the presence of epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma, collenchyma and are characterised by anomocytic type of stomata. The T.S of stem shows the presence of cuticle, epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma, collenchymatous tissue. S. jamaicensis contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenol, steroids, amino acid, reducing sugar. Stachtarphetajamacensis indicator of poor soils (low in nitrogen) or wet areas. S. jamaicensis has able to neutralize acidity, relieve pain, reduce inflammation, expel parasitic worm, promotes diuresis, promoting calm, reduce spasms, minoxidil, restorative properties. It has also been enormously used as cooling tonic for the stomach.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.44

Diversity of the Grasses (Excluding Bamboo) of Nadia District, West Bengal and their economic potentiality. by Sunit Mitra and Sobhan Kumar Mukherjee

Page: 353-366

Abstract: Nadia district lies between 22°53′and 24°11′North latitude and between 8809′and 8848′East longitude. The district is a district of the state of West Bengal, in eastern India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Bardhaman district to the west, and Murshidabad district to the north. The district is covered under Presidency Division and occupies 11th position in the State in respect of its size with an area of 3927 sq. km. This present work is an attempt to enumerate the grasses of Nadia district which is a long wanting demand to prepare a complete list of the grass flora of the State of West Bengal. In present work it is observed that the district of Nadia comprises of 78 species and 1 – variety of grasses under 42 genera in 9 tribes distributed under 4 – subfamilies. In the present conspectus the members of the tribe Bambusae and the 4 – most widely cultivated taxa of grasses viz. Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Saccharum officinarum, and Zea mays is not included in the list. It is also evident that, the district of Nadia lacks endemic species of grasses. Last but not least it must be included that, this list is not a complete list in every respect. Because of lack of data in addition to that, disagreement over interpretation of taxa. It is observed that 79 taxa of grasses of Nadia district are can be used in 81 different ways which may be grouped under 8 – broad categories (Mitra 2005, 2009).

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.45

Effect of Biochar on Soybean yield and Soil Properties in Semi-arid Vertisol by R. S. Oak, D. D. Sarode,, J. B. Joshi and S. A. Chavan

Page: 367-375

Abstract: Biochar is a novel soil conditioner with a potential for long term improvement in soil fertility and sustainability of agriculture. However, its effects are dependent on production conditions, feedstock, soil, agro-climate, crop type and application rate. Agronomic potential of biochar is less known in vertisols of hot semi-arid tropics for important oilseed crops like Soybean, especially at practically feasible application rates. Field experiment was performed in a completely randomized block design on a typical vertisol of Satara district, Maharashtra. Effect of biochar produced from mixture of crop residue and wood waste was studied on soybean crop and soil properties. The study involved total eight treatments including control, three application rates of biochar(2, 3.5 and 5 t ha-1) alone, recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (25kg N ha-1and 50 kg P ha-1) (RDF) and combined application of biochar treatments in combination with RDF. Significant adverse effect of biochar was observed on grain yield and soil properties. Highest grain yield was observed with RDF treatment (1.98 t ha-1), which was 40% higher than control. Compared to the RDF, grain yield of sole biochar 2 (1.07 t ha-1), 3.5 (1.3 t ha-1) and 5 t ha-1 (1 t ha-1) recorded a decline of 45.8, 34.5 and 49.7 % respectively. Compared to RDF, RDF plus biochar at 2 (1.6 t ha-1), 3.5 (1.65 t ha-1) and 5 t ha-1 (1.69 t ha-1) recorded a grain yield decline of 19, 16 and 14.3 % respectively. Thus, biochar application upto5 t ha-1 produced negative effect on soybean yield. Soil electrical conductivity and plant tissue phosphorus and magnesium concentration followed the pattern of grain yield. Thus the effect of biochar was mediated by the interaction of biochar with soil nutrients. Further investigation on biochar-nutrient interactions in soil, effect of nutrient rich biochar and of biochars with higher labile carbon are important in context of Indian vertisols.

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.46

Taxonomic Census of Bryophytes of Nadia District of West Bengal, India by Sunit Mitra

Page: 377-386

Abstract: Nadia districtlies between 22°532′and 24°112′North latitude and between 88°092 and 88°482′East longitude. Covering an area of 3927 Sq. Km. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Bardhaman district to the west, and Murshidabad district to the north. On the basis of the Bryo – Geographic Zonation of the India, this district is situated within the lower gangetic plain Bryo - geographic region. It is comprises of 36 taxa of Bryoflora of which 35 species and 1 – variety of Bryophytes belonging to 23 genera and 15 families, of which 5 species are under 3 genera and 3 – families of Liverworts, and 30 species and 1 – variety, under 20 genera 12 families belonging to the group Musci. Out of the 3 – bryophytic group viz. Hepaticopsida (Liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts) and

DOI:-https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.47

Obituaries

Page: 387-389

Volume 35 (2019)

Volume 35 (2019) Issue 2 , (July-2019 to December-2019)

July-December

Reto Jorg Strasser: An Innovator, a Wonderful friend and “Professor of the World by Govindjee, Alaka Srivastava, Alexandrina Stirbet, Vineet Soni and Neera Bhalla Sarin

Page: 147-158

Abstract: After presenting a very brief insight into the life of Reto Jörg Strasser, we provide here first a glimpse of his joint research with Govindjee, in the 1990s, done at the Bioenergetics laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland. They both had the most wonderful time there; Reto’s collaborative spirit was superb. The two have interacted with each other since then and have continued even after their retirement(s). This is followed by a brief description of this interaction as well as a glimpse of Reto’s life and career. Then, Alaka Srivastava and Sandra Stirbet, who have worked with Reto for around eight years, in Geneva, Switzerland, Vineet Soni, who did a post-doc with Reto, and Neera Bhalla Sarin, who had worked with Reto in New Delhi, India, provide their tributes to Reto by remembering their time with him. We all honor Reto Jörg Strasser on his 75th birthday that was in December, 2018. Some of us expect our collaboration to continue in the future. To all of us, Reto is an innovator of the highest order, and a wonderful friend. He is dedicated to his family, his friends, his students and all his collaborators–worldwide. He is indeed a special person; we have included here several photographs to document our camaraderie with him.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.1

Probing the Effect of Panchagavya, Vermicompost and FYM on Photosynthetic Potential of Triticum aestivum
by Sunita Parihar, Manisha Rathore and Vineet Soni

Page: 159-164

Abstract: Organic agriculture is a production system that integrates various farming methods and natural ecological processes to improve crop productivity. In present study, through the analysis of polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence OJIP kinetics, we investigated the effects of panchagavya, vermicompost (VC), and farmyard manure (FYM) on photosynthetic performance of Triticum aestivum L.var. GW- 366. Higher values of phenomenological energy fluxes (absorbance per cross section-ABS/CS, trapped energy per cross section-TR/CS and electron transfer per cross section- ET/CS), density of active PS-II reaction centers (RC/CS) and chlorophyll contents were recorded in plants germinated on 3% panchagavya. Similarly, higher performance index on cross section basis (PIcs) was found in plants growing on panchagavya, as compared to plants developed on VC and FYM. Similarly, application of panchagavya also enhanced shoot biomass and root length in T. aestivum. These results clearly reveal that panchagavya can be used as a low-cost preparation to enhance photosynthetic potential in crop plants.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.2

Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Argemone mexicana Flower Extract by 1H-NMR and FTIR by Aziz Mohammad Khan, Seema Bhadauria and Rajesh Yadav

Page: 165-170

Abstract: The plant Argemone mexicana is used for medicinal purposes including antimicrobial, larvicidal, nematicidal and wound healing. The present study is aimed to isolate and identify some of the bioactive compounds from Argemone mexicana flower di-ethyl ether extract which are responsible for antimicrobial activity. The pure compound was isolated from the methanol extract of Argemone mexicana using chromatographic methods, including column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The isolated compound was further characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and FTIR analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of major functional groups. From the results of NMR data, the compound is found to be oleic acid (C18H34O2) which has important role in antibacterial and antifungal activity.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.3

Individual and Combined Effect of Drought and Salinity on Electrolyte Leakage, Relative Leaf Water Content and Lipid Peroxidation in Brassica juncea sp. Supplemented with Salicylic acid by Rajani Chauhan and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 171-182

Abstract: Salinity and Drought are the major abiotic factors that affect the membrane integrity. The main check points to evaluate the damage on cell membrane are electrolyte leakage (EL) and Relative Leaf Water Content (RLWC). The level of lipid peroxidation indicates the severity of damage. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effect drought, salinity and their combined stress on membrane integrity and response of salicylic acid in mitigating the stress. The experiment was carried out under in-vitro conditions where two sets of 7-d-old plants were exposed to three levels of water stress (5 , 10 and 15 % PEG), salt stress (50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and combinations (Combination (1) 2.5 % PEG + 25 mM NaCl; Combination (2) 5 % PEG + 50 mM NaCl; Combination (3) 7.5 % PEG + 75 mM NaCl), another set of seedlings were also supplemented with same stress conditions along with the application of SA (8 μm). These stresses significantly reduced the RLWC and increased EL content. The molecules of lipid peroxidation MDA and H2O2 content also showed the increased value in the mustard leaves. Toxic effects induced by these osmotic stresses were completely overcome by the exogenous application of SA.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.4

Rehydration Induces Quick Recovery of Photosynthesis in Desiccation Tolerant Moss Semibarbula orientalis by Upma Bhatt, Hanwant Singh, Deepak Kumar and Vineet Soni

Page: 183-187

Abstract: Many moss species have ability to survive desiccation-a more severe state of dehydration than drought. At this stage no liquid phase remains in the cellular system, but the plants subsequently recover normal metabolism within minutes or hours upon rehydration. In order to understand the mechanisms of rapid photosynthetic recovery in mosses upon rehydration, we investigated the kinetics of the photosynthetic recovery process in desiccation tolerant moss Semibarbula orientalis through polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence OJIP measurements. The maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was increased from 0.09 to 0.5 within 6 min of rehydration. Results clearly reveal that the moss‘s ability for quick recovery upon rehydration is related to rapid biosynthesis of chlorophyll molecules, reorganization of light harvesting complexes (LHCs), and conservation of inactive PS II into active state.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.5

Screening of Eugenia caryophyllus Essential Oil and Their Fractions Against Fungi Causing Superficial Skin Infection in Human beings by Neetu Jain

Page: 189-195

Abstract: Eugenia caryophyllus (commonly known as clove) belonging to the family Myrtaceae is an important medicinal plant. For present study clove flowering buds were used for oil extraction procedure. Oil was extracted through hydrodistillation method using Clevenger’s apparatus. Eugenol was found as major constituent of oil. Clove oil was screened for their antidermatophytic properties against selected dermatophytes through disc diffusion technique and by minimum inhibitory concentration determinations. The results of experiments revealed moderate to high level antidermatophytic activities against tested microorganisms. Maximum zone of inhibition 63.83±0.166 mm was reported against Microsporum gypseum. Maximum activity index (AI = 3.36) was reported against M. canis (IZ=47 mm). Candida albicans was found to be the most resistant pathogen while Trichophyton rubrum was found to be most susceptible one. Oil was further subjected in Buchii’s glass oven equipment for fractional separation. Three fractions were obtained at different temperature interval and labeled as CLI- CLIII. Maximum antidermatophytic potential was observed in case of CLI due to higher concentration of eugenol. MIC were ranged from 0.025 μl/ml to 0.1 μl/ml. Present study concluded that essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllus oil possesses strong antidermatophytic properties.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.6

Assessment of Credibility of Traditional Folk Medicinal Claims in Light of Modern Concordance of Boswellia serrata by Anita Jain and Mahima Sharma

Page: 197-204

Abstract: Boswellia serrata [syn.: Olibanum Indicum (Latin)] a balsimerous, deciduous tree, popularly known as Salai or Indian frankincense, having a high reputation in the traditional system of medicine. In the traditional system of medicine, almost all part/s of this tree (stem, stem bark, leaf, flower, fruit and gum) are reported to possess the medicinal potential to cure various ailments like arthritis, rheumatism, respiratory diseases, hepatic disorder, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, antiulcer, tonic etc. The present paper is an attempt to assess the credibility of various folk claims on medicinal uses of Boswellia serrata in view of scientific studies done so far.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.7

Current Scenario of Potential Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development in India by Abhishek Joshi, Bhanupriya Kanthaliya and Jaya Arora

Page: 205-214

Abstract: Sustainable development of a nation is strongly correlated with increasing economic energy practices and extent of environmental pollution. The Renewable energy offers the opportunity to improve access to modern energy services for the underprivileged peoples of society, which is crucial for the achievement of any sustainable development goals. Based on SDG India Index - 2018, India is the closest to sustainability target based on resources for access to renewable energy. Besides, as of June 2018, the government of India has set a resolute target of achieving 225 Giga Watt (GW) of renewable energy capacity by the 2022 via solar power, wind power, biomass power and small hydropower. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the renewable energy potential of India and its current progress towards sustainable development. Furthermore, key challenges and logistic issues related to the renewable energy development are also presented.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.8

Phytostabilization Ability and Growth Response of Calotropis procera and Lantana camara
Towards Tannery Amended Soil by Poonam Rani, Adarsh Kumar and Ramesh Chandra Arya

Page: 215-224

Abstract: Present work was carried out to check the feasibility of TS by the application in GS with the objective to examine the influence of amendment on the soil as well as on plant (C. procera and L. camara) grown in amended soil. For this purpose 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 75% and 100% of GS amended with TS and samples were investigated for physicochemical and heavy metal status of soil. The effect of amendments on seed germination, shoot, root and total biomass along with heavy metal accumulation by plants and their caliber to use in phytotechnique were also sought. pH, EC, OC%, available N, P, K, exchangeable Ca and Mg and heavy metal content in amendments increased in accordance with TS. All selected parameters measured for plant growth and development increased significantly till 20% amendment after that there was retardation in data except total heavy metal accumulation by plants. BCF >1 was calculated for C. procera with TF<1 whereas both were <1 for L.camara, which indicate its potential for retention of Cr and advocate that C. procera is a better candidate to consider as phytostabilizer of Cr from TS.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.9

Biochemical Changes in Cicer arietinum L. under NaCl-Induced Salt Stress by Surya Nayar and Vineet Soni

Page: 225-228

Abstract: A comparative study was carried out to study the changes in antioxidant (guaiacol peroxidase-GPX, superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT) and other enzymes (α - amylase, acid invertase and acid phosphomonoesterase) in two varieties (C-235 and BG-391) of Cicer arietinum growing under NaCl-induced salt stress. Both varieties exhibited differential responses under salt stress. Biochemical analysis reveals that variety BG-391 is comparatively more tolerant to NaCl-induced salt stress as compared to C-235.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.10

Optimization of Growth Medium and Salt Concentration for the Growth of Dunaliella parva Isolated from Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan, India) by Anmol Bhargava and Arvind Pareek

Page: 229-232

Abstract: Microalga Dunaliella is a green, halotolerant genera mostly occur in hypersaline environment. This alga is the richest source of glycerol and β-carotene, used as a food source in aquaculture. Dunaliella also accumulate others nutrients like lipids, vitamins and proteins. Modified Johnsons medium is widely used for culturing species of Dunaliella however, without adding micronutrients the growth of algae was slow. Another medium which is suggested by Ramaraj is also suitable for culturing Dunaliella species. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of these two medium on green alga Dunaliella isolates from Sambhar salt lake. The results of this experiment showed that Dunaliella species grew faster in Ramaraj medium as compared to Johnson modified medium. In another experimental setup, Dunaliella isolate from Sambhar Lake, was cultured in Ramaraj medium and were studied for its growth rate at different salinities (0.5M to 5.5M NaCl). The effect of salinity stress on their growth was investigated. Dunaliella strains were shown to withstand large variations of salinity of the growth medium, 0.5 -5.5 M NaCl. Growth of Dunaliella showed declined if NaCl concentration was above 5M in medium. This study showed optimum growth medium for Dunaliella sp. isolated from Sambhar Lake is Ramaraj medium (pH7.5) and optimum salt concentration for growth is 1.5M -2M NaCl.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.11

Alteration in Physiological and Biochemical Activities of Azadirachta indica in Presence of Air Pollutants by Chandra S. Kapoor, B. R. Bamniya and Prakash Prajapat

Page: 233-241

Abstract: The objective of our investigation is to evaluate pollution tolerance of tree Azadirachta indica of family Meliaceae along with, its effect on metabolic activities. Clean air requires a periodical assessment of existing and new scientific methods that underlie the regulation of major ambient pollutants– particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. There is a need for inter-disciplinary research and analysis strategies to provide more comprehensive assessment of associated health complications and biological risks. Windage to Industrial pollution could cause damage to plants by imposing conditions of oxidative stress. Plant kingdom combats oxidative stress by causing antioxidant metabolites, enzymatic scavengers of activated oxygen and heat shock proteins. Our results show that in all the tree species investigated the parameters studied as above parallel each other and their amount was recorded highest in forest areas followed by urban and least in industrial areas because vegetative and reproductive growth of a plant can be exhibited in terms of its pigments and metabolites.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.12

News Report ICPPP 2019 Edited by Dr. Vineet Soni

Page: 243-245

Need Based Tissue Culture in Floriculture: A Success Story by S. K. Datta

Page: 247-256

Abstract: Floriculture has become very important industry as a result of science based techniques. But there are many constraints which restrict smooth progress of floriculture business. Tissue culture techniques have been standardized for different cultural practices on need basis for commercial benefit. In vitro protocols have been standardized not only for development of large scale quality materials of commercially important elite ornamentals, new varieties and difficult-to root varieties, but also for acclimatization, maintenance of F1 hybrids, management of chimera and in vitro mutagenesis for development of new and novel varieties.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.13

Letter to the Editor:-
How to Survive in a Salty Desert: An Adventure Study with Suaeda fruticosa by Silas Wungrampha, Rohit Joshi, Sneh L Singla-Pareek and Ashwani Pareek

Page: 257-261

Abstract: Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Halophytes play increasingly important roles as models for understanding the salt tolerance in plants and as genetic resources contributing towards the improvement of salt tolerance in crops. Suaeda fruticosa L. (Amaranthaceae) grows under extremely saline conditions and under osmotic stress near Sambhar Lake, which is the largest inland playa within the Thar desert of Western India. The ability to regulate photosynthetic machinery may help S. fruticosa to ensure population succession under extreme environmental conditions. Our expedition to Sambhar Lake allowed us to conclude that higher stability of Photosystem II (PSII), along with the enhanced resistance to the O2 evolving complex and the reaction centers of PSII, is responsible for the tolerance of S. fruticosa to salinity stress. Understanding the molecular mechanism and stress signaling in Suaeda sp. for stabilization of its photosynthetic machinery and maintenance of carbon balance under osmotic stress are expected to be extremely useful in designing crops for saline environments. We also describe here the ambiance of our bus trip from New Delhi to Sambhar Lake that led to the unique way of doing collaborative research with Govindjee, a leading authority on the use of chlorophyll a fluorescence in photosynthesis.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.14

Biochemical Changes during Rhizogenesis in vitro in Asparagus racemosus Willd by Preeti Sharma and Vineet Soni

Page: 263-265

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical changes during in vitro rhizogenesis from nodal explants of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Induction in activity of acid invertase and α-amylase was observed prior to root induction. Similarly, increased acid phosphomonoesterase activity was noticed during the emergence of root primodia. Starch content was initially decreased and then increased in nodal explants of A. racemosus cultured on rooting medium. A decrease in starch content reflects high energy demands during initial phase of rhizogenesis in A. racemosus. This study indicates that induction phase of root formation is governed by various biochemical changes in A. racemosus.

https: //doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.02.15

Remembering Glamour of Botany and Plant Biology: A Tale of Teachers and Researchers (1966-1982) by Arvind Kumar Purohit

Page: 267-268

Book Reviews
Asymmetry in Plants: Biology of Handedness - Bir Bahadur, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Monoranjan by Ghose, S. John Adams 269-271

Harnessing Plant Biotechnology and Physiology to Stimulate Agricultural Growth: Felicitation Volume Edited by Prof. PC Trivedi 273-274

Page: 269-274

Volume 35 (2019) Issue 1 , (January-2019 to June-2019)

January-June

Brassinosteroids: Relevance in Biological Activities of Plants and Agriculture by Nishant Bhanu

Page: 1-15

Abstract: Crop production is challenged by increasing food demands of a burgeoning population, fatigued natural resource base and uncertainty of climate optima. It is indispensible to alleviate the crop production by using plant breeding or by applying economic levels of certain compatible growth regulators. In the category of phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs) has emerged as a new paradigm that elicits diverse physiological response in amelioration under different biotic and abiotic stresses. Intensive study has been carried out in the last few years to understand the role of brassinosteroids in plant function. They participate in regulation of diverse vital physiological processes in plants, such as elongation, germination, photomorphogenesis, reproductive organ development and ameliorate various biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this article is to unveil the importance of brassinosteroids in the plant physiological activity and potential agricultural uses.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.1

Phyllotactic handedness in Palms by Monoranjan Ghose and Bir Bahadur

Page: 17-24

Abstract: The phyllotaxis of palms is alternate. The leaves are spirally arranged and two consecutive leaves are placed at an angular deflection of about 143° in many palms. The spirality may be left-handed (clockwise) or right-handed (counter-clockwise). The number of foliar spirals varies among different palm species, which follows Fibonacci sequence. In some exceptional palms, the leaves are arranged one vertically above another along two or more vertical rows and the angle between any two consecutive leaves may be 180º, 120º, or 135º. Although asymmetry in palm leaves is not genetically determined, it has been reported that fruit yield is associated with the foliar arrangement in some palms, and found that right-spiralled coconuts and areca nuts produced significantly more fruits than left-spiralled palms.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.2

Unraveling Omics Based Technologies in Enhancing Abiotic Stress in Genus Rosa: Progress and Prospects by Khosro Balilashaki, Maryam Vahedi, Abbu Zaid and Shabir H. Wani

Page: 25-38

Abstract: Rose (Rosa spp.) is the key component of the floral industry owing to its unique flower colors. It is also considered as one of the most important commercial crops in the flavor and fragrance industries. There are numerous conventional breeding methods as well as cutting-edge biotechnological techniques that have been successfully employed for the genetic development of this plant with immense industrial demand. On this note, there are several ‘omics’ approaches and tactics that offer huge prospects to explore molecular skeleton as well as discover the most vital genes that could assist in developing ideal genotypes suitable to the changing scale of climate. The ‘Omics’ technology combines the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics information into a specific data set and could lead to the detection of unspecified genes and their controlling setups associated with the targeted metabolic pathways. Since past 10 years on more an accelerated advancement has been documented in applications of omics technologies in genus Rosa. Majority of the reports emphasized on DNA sequencing, detection of genes linked with ornamental traits of interest, physical and genetic mapping; functional assay of genomes for other morphological traits, marker-based diversity analysis, as well as identification, isolation and genetic transformation of genes, linked with biosynthetic pathways. The present review is a discussion over such omics applications based on their success, bottlenecks and future prospectus under changing climatic scenario. This documentation will help the interested researchers in a better and lucid way to understand how omics approaches could be fruitfully utilized in Rosa spp. to enhance its quality traits and to ensure its values in ornamental flower industry.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.3

Studies on the Improvement of Spawn Production and Yield of Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) from locally available Lignocellulosic Substrates by S. Maheswari, K. Chethan and R. Chithiraichelvan

Page: 39-44

Abstract: An improvement in the yield of Oyster Mushroom by employing corn cobs and ragi straw materials substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus florida could be obtained. In the present study, of spawn quality was also observed with different sugars viz, glucose and sucrose were mixed as a supplement with jowar seeds for spawn production and the effects of spawn on the yield of sporophores and growth of Pleurotus florida. The parameters for the cultivation of Pleurotus florida such as days, spawn run, primordial formation, harvest days, total yield and biological efficiency were evaluated. The best substrate was found to be corncobs in terms of spawn run (35 days), primordial formation (44 days), average no. of fruiting bodies (100), stem length (11 cm), cap diameter (13 cm), first harvest (296.3 g), second harvest (130 g) and biological efficiency (85.26%).

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.4

Effect of Modes of Application of Nitric Oxide on the Growth and Physiological Performance of Indian Mustard by Shazia Hasan, Mohammad Faizan and Shamsul Hayat

Page: 45-53

Abstract: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in minute concentration serve as a signaling molecule for processes involved in the growth and development of plants. The objective of this study was to explore the role of SNP as foliar spray and seed soaking on the growth biomarkers, photosynthetic traits, leaf protein content and various antioxidant enzymes in 30-day-old plants of mustard (Brassica juncea)cv. Varuna under natural condition. The seeds were soaked in 0, 10-4, 10-5 or 10-6 M of SNP for 8 h and sown in the pots and in another group foliage were sprayed with 0, 10-4, 10-5or 10-6M of SNP at 21, 23 and 25 day stage of growth; both the sets were allowed to grow for 30 days. The plants that developed from SNP treatments (seeds soaking or foliar spray) possessed higher growth, photosynthetic attributes, activity of various antioxidant enzymes [e.g., catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and superoxide dismutase (1.15.1.1)] and proline and protein content than the respective control. Among the treatments, 10-5M of SNP as seed soaking proved best.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.5

Stimulatory Effect of Genetically Improved Cyanobacteria Nostoc and Hapalosiphon on the Growth and Yield of Rice in Paraquat treated Paddy Fields by Saumya Snehee and M.P. Verma

Page: 55-58

Abstract: Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia and Hapalosiphon flagelliformis were found to have strong potentiality to serve as bio–N-fertilizers but only till the paddy fields were not treated with the herbicide paraquat which caused massive lysis and death of the cyanobacterial cells above 50 ppm doses. Their parental strains produced negligible heterocysts in urea enriched paddy fields. Algalization of the paddy fields with paraquat resistant and nitrogen as derepressed mutants of N. linckia and H. flagelliformis resulted in enhancement in growth and yield components of the Lalat variety of rice even under paraquat treated and Urea–N supplemented conditions. The mutants of N. linckia and H. flagelliformis produced heterocysts almost at their natural frequencies in urea containing rice fields, a feature exhibited by their parental strains growing in nitrogen–free states only.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.6

Genotypic Diversity in Aeroponics Based Mini-Tubers Production System Reveals by Clarissa Challam, Hemant B Kardile , Layamond C Lyngdoh, Nirmal Kant Sharma, N Nandha Kumar and T K Bag

Page: 59-67

Abstract: Potato is vegetatively propagating crop and sprouted tubers or pieces of them can be used as the initial propagating material. There is intrinsic demand for the quality seed tubers and many methods evolved for the production of the seed tubers with their own pro and cons. Aeroponics is recently developed and widely accepted method for the production of the mini-tubers and has the potential to produce clean potato seeds. In order to understand the genotypic differences, we have analysed the performance of the four Indian potato varieties namely, Kufri Megha, Kufri Himalini, Kufri Girdhari and Kufri Kanchan under aeroponics system with the uniform growth and nutrient conditions. Data were collected on major aspects like growth parameters and yield. By considering the overall yield parameters, Kufri Kanchan is performing best followed by Kufri Himalini in aeroponics based minituber production system.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.7

My turn to thank many around the World: For photosynthesis research in my life by Govindjee

Page: 69-84

Abstract: In this Letter, I honor and thank all with whom I have interacted with during my research career that began in the Department of Botany at Allahabad University, Allahabad, U.P, India, in 1954, and continued for another 60 years, starting in 1956, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA. I was fascinated by the primary events of photosynthesis from the time light is absorbed until water is oxidized and reducing power is made; we (i.e., those listed here) measured some of the key reactions and had great fun doing it. However, during the last 20 years of my retired life, the focus has changed to recognize the players (big and small) in the field of photosynthesis; to help younger scientists; and to write the history of photosynthesis research through contributions made by various researchers. The current Letter is merely to say “Thank You” to everyone I have published with in my academic life. I am grateful to all cyanobacteria, algae, mosses, ferns and higher plants for doing oxygenic photosynthesis.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.8

Advancing Trends in Plant Sciences by C P Malik

Page: 85-107

Abstract: Scientists are revising the history of one of the world’s most important crops. Drawing on genetic and archaeological evidence, researchers have found that a predecessor of today’s corn plants still bearing many features of its wild ancestor was likely brought to South America from Mexico more than 6,500 years ago. Farmers in Mexico and the southwestern Amazon continued to improve the crop over thousands of years until it was fully domesticated in each region. Varieties of maize found near Cuscu and Machu Pichu at Salineras de Maras on the Inca Sacred Valley in Peru, June 2007. The history of maize begins with its wild ancestor, teosinte. Teosinte bears little resemblance to the corn eaten today: Its cobs are tiny and its few kernels are protected by a nearly impenetrable outer casing. In fact, Kistler said, it is not clear why people bothered with it all. Over time, however, as early farmers selected for desirable traits, the descendants of the wild plant developed larger cobs and more tender, plentiful kernels, eventually becoming the staple crop that maize is today. The newly published study in the journal Science shows that the final stages of maize’s domestication happened more than once in more than one place, revising the history of one of the world’s most important crops.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.9

Impact of Salinity on Growth and N2-Fixation in Melilotus indicus by Kumari Sunita, Malvika Srivastava, Parveen Abbasi and M Muruganandam

Page: 109-119

Abstract: The yellow sweet clover, Melilotus indicus, has immense potential for reclamation of degraded lands, particularly salt-affected soils, and use as fodder, green manure, medicinal herb and such other socioeconomic and environmental benefits like nitrogen fixation owing to its higher nodulation capacity, nitrogenous activities and nitrogen fixation rates as compared to other legumes. Also, it is diversely used as anthelmintic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, emollient, analgesic, insect repellent, health tonic and as astringent. In the present study, young sweet clover plants were treated with four different NaCl concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 300 mM, milli Moles) to study the impacts of salt content, especially on growth (biomass and leaf area), nodular status (number, shape, colour), nitrogenase activity, nitrogen and protein contents and N2-fixation abilities against the untreated control plants from day 25 to 65 at every 10 days interval. While all the study parameters decreased at 200 and 300 mM NaCl salt concentration, the mild concentration (100 mM NaCl) registered a relative increase in all parameters and gave better response, as compared to control all through the study period except for the number of nodules, which declined after 45 day growth in all the treatments including control. The results indicate that M. indicus could be cultivated on moderately saline habitats, which would help utilization or reclamation of unproductive saline lands towards production of the important herb.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.10

Role of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Mitigating Cadmium induced Metabolism Alterations in Plants by Abbu Zaid, Javaid A. Bhat, Shabir H. Wani and Khalid Z. Masoodi

Page: 121-141

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is among one of the highly toxic heavy metals, which has deleterious impacts on agricultural productivity. Currently, several sustainable strategies are being used to attenuate Cd stress tolerance at cellular, molecular as well as whole plant levels. Nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) assimilation pathways have been shown to play important roles in Cd detoxification by improving the physiology of plants. The N and S assimilation is required in various biosynthetic pathways involved in stress tolerance and mobilization of adaptive mechanisms of plants, and both N and S act to maintain an elevated pool of plant metabolites. In this review, we discuss the impact of Cd stress and its mitigation by deciphering the close coordination of N and S in efficiently alleviating Cd induced altered metabolism of plants, which is critical for the development of plant-based strategies for the remediation of Cd contaminated agricultural soils and increasing crop productivity and safety. Our review also focuses on the interactive roles of N, S and principal metabolites in enhancing Cd stress tolerance of plants. Mobilization of plant’s defense mechanisms (metabolites and antioxidants) against Cd stress through the interplay of N and S metabolism is apprehensively reviewed. This may unravels new biotechnological opportunities in modulating N and S metabolism for improving plant tolerance to Cd in particular, thereby benefitting sustainable crop production in the era of climate change.

DOI- https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2019.35.01.11

Outstanding Botanist
Prof. Dr. P. C. Trivedi

Page: 143-146

Volume 34 (2018)

Volume 34 (2018) Issue 2 , (July-2018 to December-2018)

July-December

Historical Corner: Robert Emerson’s 1949 Stephen Hales Prize Lecture : “Photosynthesis and the World” by Govindjee

Page: 119-126

Abstract: Robert Emerson (1903–1959; Fig. 1) was awarded the Stephen Hales Prize by the American Society of Plant Physiologists (ASPP; now the American Society of Plant Biologists, ASPB) in 1948 for his work on photosynthesis. His lecture was delivered at the 1949 ASPP annual meeting and is transcribed here.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.1

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and their Roles as Fungal Biocontrol Agents: An Overview by Deepmala Katiyar, A. Hemantaranjan and P. Dwivedi

Page: 127-136

Abstract: In the last couple of decades, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been increased with impressive enthusiasm to examine growth, development and yield potentiality of crop plants being less destructive to nature and cutting short the cost of certain composts. Pathogenic fungus affecting plant health is a major and incessant threat to crop production and ecosystem unwavering worldwide. Agricultural production has been strengthened over the past few years, even though producers became more and more dependent on fungicides supportive of crop protection for the obvious reason of monetary stability and livelihood. Besides this, fungicides cause harmful effects on environment ultimately damaging plant health; its use needs to be reduced. Different groups of microorganism in soil have been identified compatible to improve physiological processes at different phenological stages and ultimately benefiting crops for optimizing their potential in several ways. These microorganisms are colonized in roots or rhizospheric soil and are alluded as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria due to its involvement in a variety of plant growth promoting mechanisms consisting of the mobilization of soil compounds (phosphorous and metals), the protection of plants under stressful conditions for counteracting the negative impacts of stress, making them available for the plant to be used as nutrients (nitrogen fixation; phosphate solubilization), siderophore production, defense against phytopathogens, reducing plant diseases by producing antibiotics and HCN, phytohormones (indole 3-acetic acid, cytokinin and gibberellin) production and so on. Utilization of plant rhizobacteria for agricultural advantages has increased its overall significance. The insights developed are crucial for extending relevant researches extensively in the requisite section of biocontrol for enhanced crop production. Therefore, based on recognized roles of PGPR, this has been thoughtfully considered.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.2

Initiatives for Sustainable Sugarcane Farming in Punjab by Gulzar S Sanghera, Rupinder Pal Singh, Onkar Singh and Vikrant Tyagi

Page: 137-152

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex) is an important sugar crop of subtropical region (NWZ zone) comprising states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan of the country. In Punjab, it is the second most important industrial crop after Cotton, being cultivated on an area of 95 thousand hectares that caters the need of 16 (9 cooperative and 7 private) sugar mills running in the state. Sugarcane scientists and technocrats of the state associated in the improvement of sugarcane crop through various conventional and non-conventional approaches encounter problems of narrow genetic base of crop, complex genome, poor fertility, genetic recombination as well as long breeding selection cycle. During 2015-16 crop season, the concerted efforts of sugarcane scientists, sugar mills and farmers on various researchable aspects has led to harvest cane productivity of 750 quintals per hectare and recorded sugar recovery of 10.07 percent in the state. To sustain the sugar industry of Punjab, it is very important to advise sugarcane grower for the choice of the varieties and their planning based on different maturity groups, planting season and type of crop (plant/ratoon). At present, nine high yielding, good quality and red rot tolerant sugarcane varieties; 4 in early maturity group (CoPb 92, Co 118, CoJ 85 and CoJ 64) and 5 in mid-late group (CoPb 93, CoPb 94, Co 238, CoPb 91 and CoJ 88) have been recommended for commercial cultivation, of these three new varieties viz,, CoPb 92 (early) and CoPb 93 & CoPb 94 (mid-late) are found promising for cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS) and showing encouraging results among farmers and sugar mills. Since, sugarcane is the raw material for the sugar industry, its juice is used for the manufacturing of gur, shaker, sugar and cane tops are used as fodder while the byproducts of the sugar industry include bagasse, molasses, filter-cake, wax etc. The percentage of sucrose varies from 12-18% depending of the variety of cane, its maturity, condition of soil, climate and agricultural practices followed by the growers. In order to sustain cane crushing in mills, planting of varieties in early: mid-late (3:2), early (Autumn: Spring: Ratoon :: 1:1:1) and mid-late (Plant: Ratoon :: 1:1) ratios have been advocated. Besides, recent technological interventions like FIRB (furrow irrigated raised bed), sub-soiling (1mx1m), crop geometry (120mx30m paired row trench planting), single bud chip nursery raising and intercrops (wheat, cabbage, garlic, sarson, onion etc.) have resulted in enhancement of per unit area productivity of sugarcane. In addition, recommendation for management of borer complex (especially early shoot and top borer) with Coragen and Ferterra agro-chemicals have paid dividends to growers and industry in terms of cane production and sugar recovery. Therefore, execution of aforesaid planning and interventions through extension activities in mill command areas are advocated to sustain sugarcane agriculture for the benefits of growers and industry in the state.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.3

Phytochemical screening of Celastrus peniculatus and Bacopa monnieri for neuropotective capacity by Pallav Kaushik Deshpande and Ragini Gothalwal

Page: 153-158

Abstract: Medicinal properties of plants are dependent on the presence of certain phytoconstituent. Various plants exhibits neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects. Phytoconstituents shows capacity to modulate the cholinergic system and to contrast oxidative stress. Individual alkaloids act as agonists and antagonists to a variety of neurotransmitter systems, for instance, direct binding to neuroreceptors and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism (e.g. cholinesterase inhibition), signal transduction, and ion channel function or by mimicking the structure of endogenous neurochemicals. In this study we had investigated the fundamental scientific bases for the use of medicinal plant by defining qualitative evaluation of crude phytochemical constituents present in Celastrus peniculatus and Bacopa monnieri both the plants are known to local folks and widely used to stimulate the nervous system but, Scientific validation is lacking. Successive extraction method was adopted by using various solvents according to polarity, from lowest to high (hexane, pet ether, ethly ether, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water). Extractive value in % for seeds of Celastrus paniculatus with various extract was 45.59±1.43, 47.47±0.45, 56.09±0.45, 64.46±0.43, 67.45±1.34, 69.34±1, 78.2±1.32. Ash% was maximum 79.75 for queous extract and minimum for haxene extract which was 30.76%. For Bacopa monnieri extractive value were 25.94±0.69, 36.56±0.98, 43.05±1.23, 35.37±1.2, 54.63±1.74, 65.52±1.030, 72.09±0.87 for respective solvents. Ash% was maximum 64.94 for pet ether extract and minimum for ethanol extract which was 54.03%.

Preliminary Qualitative studies indicates the presence of alkaloids in both the plants in very high ratio. Presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, glycoside in seeds of Celastrus paniculatus and Bacopa monnieri plant is quite evident. These results are clearly indicating towards the potential and abundance of phytoconstituents in various extracts. Carbohydrates are present in Celastrus paniculatus while absent in Bacopa monnieri. Gum and mucilage are absent in both the plants.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.4

Triplex Forming Oligonucleotides: Sequence-specific Tools for Gene Targeting by Ritesh Kaur

Page: 159-167

Abstract: Sequence-specificity is the key to effective genetic targeting. With specificity, targeted genes can be manipulated in multiple ways; without it, gene therapy agents become loose canons within cells. Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove of duplex DNA with high specificity and affinity. Because of these characteristics, TFOs have been proposed as homing devices for genetic manipulation in vivo. Here we review work demonstrating the ability of TFOs and related molecules to alter gene expression and mediate genome modification in mammalian cells. Recent studies have established that TFOs can mediate targeted gene knock out in mice, laying the foundation for the potential application of these molecules in human gene therapy.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.5

Growth, Yield and Yield attributes of Maize Hybrids in Relation to different Nutrient Levels and Plant Population by Mahesh Kumar and Jasbir Singh Chawla

Page: 169-172

Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif 2014. Three nutrient levels (125:60:30, 200:65:80, 250:80:100 kg N:P2O5:K2O /ha) as main plots and two planting geometry (60×20 and 60×15 cm) as sub plots and five hybrids (DKC 9145, Rasi 3033, PMH 4, HM 9 and Bio 9637) in sub-sub plots were evaluated. Nutrient application 250:80:100 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha (8478 kg/ha) being at par with 200:65:80 kg/ha (8213 kg/ha) resulted in significantly higher grain yield than 125:60:30 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha (7532 kg/ha). The mean grain yield was significantly higher with plant geometry of 60×15 cm (8357 kg/ha) than of 60×20 cm (7791 kg/ha). Bio 9637 and DKC 9145 hybrids has higher plant and ear height as compared to all other hybrids. DKC 9145 hybrid recorded significantly higher grain yield (9411 kg/ha) followed by PMH 4 (8996 kg/ha), Rasi 3033 (8051 kg/ha), Bio 9637 (7868 kg/ha) and HM 9 (6046 kg/ha).

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.6

Gum Ghatti Coating Enriched with Clove Oil extends the post Harvest Shelf Life of Banana (Musa acuminata., cv. Robusta) Fruit Stored at Ambient Condition by Arpit V. Joshi, Nilanjana S. Baraiya, Pinal B. Vyas and T. V. Ramana Rao

Page: 173-183

Abstract: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of a coating emulsion of gum ghatti in its different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%) with an additive of clove oil (0.1%) on the postharvest quality and shelf life of banana fruits stored at room temperature (25 ± 2ºC). The treatments of these coating solutions (T2, T3, and T4) delayed the changes in total soluble solids, decay occurrence, sugar content, total phenols and ascorbic acid in banana fruits. The activities of cell wall altering enzymes (polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase) and browning related enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were also reduced in the coated fruits as compared to that of the control fruits. Thus it may be concluded from the currently carried out physicochemical and biochemical analysis of both the treated and untreated fruits that the treatments of gum ghatti coating solutions comprising clove oil have the ability to improve the shelf life and quality of banana fruits.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.7

Revisiting: Ecosystem, Structure, Function and Mineral Cycling by Nimrat Gill and Pushp Sharma

Page: 185-205

Abstract: An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature and comprises abiotic and biotic components. Abiotic components are inorganic materials – air, water and soil, whereas biotic components are producers, consumer and decomposers. Measures of ecosystem function and structure are complementary to measures of water quality in streams and rivers and may be useful in developing multimetric measures of habitat quality that deal with some of the conflicting results from biotic structural measures alone. Productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrients cycling are the four important components of an ecosystem. According to biostoichiometric theory, there is an equilibrium ratio among nutrients for healthy ecosystem development. This equilibrium will be broken if one nutrient is insufficient or in excess, which may affect the eco process and the primary productivity. In this case the element concerned is considered as the limiting nutrient for the ecosystem development. Primary productivity is the rate of capture of solar energy or biomass production of the producers. It is of two types: gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. Secondary productivity is the rate of assimilation of food energy by consumers. In decomposition complex organic compounds of detritus are converted to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic nutrients by the decomposers it involves three processes, namely fragmentation of detritus, leaching and catabolism. Energy flow is unidirectional. It is an important ingredient for complex systems because the development and evolution of systems must be driven by energy flows. In the ecological community, each organism is an open system consuming energy and material by metabolism continuously. Plants firstly capture solar energy and then food is transferred from producers to consumers. Organisms of different trophic levels in nature are connected to each other for food or energy relationships forming a food chain. Some species may be consumed by other species as the prey, therefore, a tangled network of feeding relationships called food web forms. The storage and movement of nutrient elements through the various components of an ecosystem is known as nutrient cycling. It is of two types- gaseous and sedimentary. Atmosphere and hydrosphere is the reservoir for gaseous.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.8

Hierarchy in Plants: Unicellular, Colonial and Multicellular by Kirandeep Kaur and Pushp Sharma

Page: 207-220

Abstract: Carolus Linnaeus (mid-1700’s) was a Swedish biologist who established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms. He developed a Hierarchy for classifying organisms that is the Basis for Modern Taxonomy. Arrangement of taxonomic categories in an ascending series ranging from the lowest to the highest category is taxonomic hierarchy. R.H.Whittaker has used five critera for delimiting kingdoms. Five kingdoms are- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. Six kingdom classification was given by Carl woese. He gave 3 domain theory that included 6 kingdom- Archaebacteria, Monera, Protista, Mycota, Plantae, Animalia. Plant kingdom is divided into vascular (Tracheophytes) and non vascular plants (Bryophytes). Non vascular includes liverworts (Marchantiophyta), hornworts (Anthocerophyta) and mosses (Bryophyta). Vascular plants are divided into spore producing plants (Pteridophytes) and seed producing plants (Spermatophytes). Pteridophytes includes club mosses (Lycopodiophyta), horsetails (Equisetophyta) and ferns (Pteridophyta). Seed producing plants are further divided into flowering (Angiosperms) and non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms). Non flowering plants include conifers (Pinophyta), cycads (Cycadophyta) and ginkgo (Ginkgophyta). Angiosperms includes monocots (plants with one seed leaf monocotyledon) and dicots (plants with two seed leaves dicotyledon). Phylogenetic studies favour a single origin of land plants from charophycean green algae. Different types of microtubule organization are found within the green lineage during cytokinesis 1.Phycoplast- is characterized by the collapse of the spindle apparatus after mitosis, with the microtubules oriented in the same direction as the plane of cell division e.g. Charyophytes and land plants. 2. Phragmoplast- characterized by the development of a persistent telophase spindle and a cleavage furrow, with the microtubules oriented at right angles to the plane of cell division e.g. Chlorophytes and ulvophytes. Algae evolved from single cell plants. Two competing theories of the development of alternating generations in land plants- The homologous theory and the antithetie theory. Homologous theory- sporophytic considered to be a direct modification of gametophyte. Gametophytes and sporophytes of certain algae (e.g. Ulva) are similar (isomorphic). Such gametophytes and sporophytes are thus considered “homologous”. Antithetic Theory- Bower (1908) suggested an alternative hypothesis for the origin of the sporophyte of land plants. Only gametophyte was thought to have been present initially in the algal life cycle, the sporophyte arising subsequently and in correspondence with land occupancy by the gametophyte. Bryophyta evolved from algae and pteridophyta. Pteridophyta evolved from algae as well as from bryophyta Gymnosperm evolved from pteridophyte and progymnosperm. Angiosperm evolved parallel with Gymnosperm, it is unclear that what type of plant actually gave rise to Angiosperm.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.9

Longevity of Gladiolus Spikes Stored in Polypropylene and Low Density Polyethylene Sleeve by Harsimran Kaur and Kushal Singh

Page: 221-228

Abstract: Spikes of four cultivars of Gladiolus viz. Jacksonville Gold, Sancerre, Nova Lux and White Prosperity were subjected to modified atmosphere (MA) storage in polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) film sleeves. The harvested spikes of all the cultivars were stored for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days respectively at 4±0.5OC and 90-95 % R.H. Among the cultivars, Jacksonville Gold showed maximum longevity in both freshly harvested and MA stored spikes. It also exhibited highest number of open florets at any given time, its tepals showed maximum membrane stability index and the spikes absorbed maximum volume of water. Between the packages, for all the cultivars spikes stored in PP packages showed higher longevity than those in LDPE sleeves. This was because PP packages retained significantly higher percentage of CO2 than the LDPE packages. However, a bigger floret size was observed in spikes stored in LDPE sleeves. PP sleeves contributed to longevity while LDPE sleeves contributed to floret size.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.10

Mitigation Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide and Thiourea in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) under Drought Stress by Prachi Garg, A. Hemantaranjan and Jyostnarani Pradhan

Page: 229-235

Abstract: Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool–season pulse crop and leguminous vegetable, which is widely cultivated throughout the world. In many parts of the world the most important abiotic factor limiting the survival and yield of plants is the restricted water supply, the field pea is sensitive to drought stress. The drought stress is an adverse condition develops due to water deficit and this most important abiotic factor limiting growth, adversely affecting crop production. Brassinolides (BRs) are endogenous plant growth-promoting compound that acts on plant development and affects numerous physiological processes at low concentration whereas; Thiourea is a sulphydral compound (NH2-CS-NH2) which is basically known for the breaking the dormancy and stimulating germination. The experiment focused on the field pea response under control and drought stress condition where the seeds were treated with 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) and Thiourea (TU) having concentration of 0.01mM and 6.6mM respectively. In order to evaluate morpho-physiological traits related to drought tolerance, we grew CDC Amarillo, a yellow pea variety, of field pea under drought stress and control condition and assessed effect of drought stress on select but relevant parameters of relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, proline content and total soluble sugar (TSS). The drought stress significantly decreased the chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) while increased the proline and total soluble sugar. The application of 24-epibrassinolide and thiourea helps to mitigate the deleterious effect of drought stress in plants in which the threshold level of 6.6mM thiourea showed more significant results over 0.01mM 24-epibrassinolide.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.11

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Salinity Stress by Rupanshee Srivastava, A. Hemantaranjan and Shivani Lalotra

Page: 237-242

Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crops of India and an important source of protein growing in semi-arid region. It has an extant to adapt to various stresses but it is yet susceptible to salinity stress. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop production worldwide. It alters various physiological and biochemical attributes of crop plants. Phytohormones play an important role in combating stress. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are collectively referred to as jasmonates. This regulator has been evidently found to have alleviating effect on remarkable physiological traits in a number of crops under various abiotic stresses. Consequently, it was thought worthwhile to study the effect of methyl jasmonate on chickpea under salinity stress. This investigation was conducted using Avrodhi cultivar of chickpea in a pot culture experiment. Seeds were pre-soaked in MeJA @5.0μM and 10.0μM prior to sowing. Later, salinity was induced at preferred concentration of 100mM NaCl in the growing medium. bservations on different parameters were recorded at two intervals of 14 and 28 days after salt exposure. Morphophysiological traits studied include root length, fresh and dry weights of the plants root; biochemical parameters, viz., total soluble sugar, nitrate reductase activity and hydrogen peroxide. Data revealed negative influence of salinity on overall parameters studied. However, methyl jasmonate at the threshold level of 10μM MeJA was found to have alleviating effect of salinity significantly over 5μM MeJA. The positive impacts of methyl jasmonate in this investigation were registered.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.12

Toxicity of Seed extracts of Pea Cultivars in relation to Trypsin inhibitory activity by Akhilesh Thakur and Amarjit K. Nath

Page: 243-250

Abstract: Purpose: Trypsin inhibitors in the seeds of legumes can act as a feeding deterrent for insects by disrupting midgut proteases. This paper investigates trypsin inhibitors in pea cultivars. Design/Methodology/Approach: The seeds of seven different pea cultivars and the cultures of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita were used for biological screening of trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA). This was followed by partial purification of trypsin inhibitor from the screened pea cultivar by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex (A50) column and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 column. Findings: Field pea with maximum TUI/g seed weight and percent mortality of Meloidogyne incognita was then partially purified. A linear correlation between time of incubation and TIA was found till 25 min of incubation, whereas, per cent inhibition was linearily correlated to the amount of inhibitor upto 68.1 per cent inhibition. The inhibitor showed maximum TIA at 37C indicating thermolabile nature. It had two pH optima at pH 7.5 and 9.0. Km value was found to be 0.227 mM. Trypsin inhibition was of non-competitive type with inhibitor constant (Ki) value in the region of 0.25 M. Originality/Value: Invaluable information on trypsin inhibitors in case of native legumes of Himalayan origin has been found. Outcomes of this study can be of immense importance in the development of insect resistant transgenic plants.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.13

Genetic Engineering and GM Crops by Malik C P and Sanadhya D

Page: 151-258

Abstract: Genetic engineering is the master key of all the troubles related to living organisms whether plants or animals. Over the last few decades use of genetic engineering in crop improvement has brought a big revolution in the field of agriculture. Scientists are trying to solve the issues related to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, productivity enhancement and quality improvements with the help of Genetic engineering. It is considered as better approach over the conventional plant breeding system. Recently new approaches are being used for the production of value added GM crops. This chapter highlights the some of the recent inventions related to genetically engineered crops.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.14

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPK) in Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Hemant B Kardile, Vikrant, Nirmal Kant Sharma, Ankita Sharma, Babandeep Kaur, Sushil Sudhakar Changan, Vinay Bhardwaj and Brajesh Singh

Page: 159-165

Abstract: Environmental perturbation and biotic factors hinder the normal growth and development of the plants. These stimuli trigger the transient increase in the cellular Ca2+ level which in turn leads to altered protein phosphorylation and gene expression patterns. This signal transduction is carried out by three major classes of Ca2+-binding proteins viz. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calmodulins (CaMs) and CaM-like proteins, and calcineurin B-like proteins. Out of these three kinases, CDPKs has a greater role to play in the higher plant under different physiological conditions. Here we have reviewed the potential role of these CDPKs in the model plant for providing abiotic stress tolerance. Similarly, we have mined the orthologous of CDPKs from the higher plant species. Among these, we have narrowed down our focus on the potato for exploiting the CDPKs potential in providing stress tolerance.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.15

Carotenoid Producing Bacteria: Applications In Human Welfare by Ankit Chokriwal, Bjorn John Stephen and Abhijeet Singh

Page: 167-176

Abstract: Synthetic colors have been widely used in various industries including food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. However, toxicity problems caused by synthetic pigments have triggered intense research in natural colors and dyes. Among the natural sources, pigment producing microorganisms hold a promising potential to meet present day challenges. Furthermore, natural colors not only improve the commercial value of the product but also impart additional properties like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and many more. In this chapter, we present various sources of microbial pigments along with their biological and clinical properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and antiinflammatory. The study also emphasizes key parameters to improve the bioactivity and production of microbial pigments for their commercial use in pharmacological and medical fields.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.16

A Brief Review on Plant Taxonomy and its Components by Nadia Haider

Page: 277-292

Abstract: The discovery and naming of plants has attracted a lot of attention throughout history. The science that explores, describes, names, and classifies all plants (and off course all other organisms) is called ‘Taxonomy‘. Plant taxonomy includes the description of the variation of plants, the investigation of the causes and consequences of this variation, and the manipulation of the data obtained to produce a system of classification. Taxonomy makes communicating biological information on plants much easier because it facilitates categorizing them. The three activities of classification, nomenclature and identification are the main functions of taxonomy. Traditionally, plants have been classified on the basis of one or few easily observable characters (artificial systems) or on morphological features and overall similarities using as many taxonomic characters as possible (natural systems). However, an insufficient number of experts, and the instability of phenotypes, which are easily affected by environmental factors, made this conventional methods of classification meet difficulties. With the advent of the fields of phylogenetics, cladistics, and systematics, the artificial systems have progressed to a system of modern biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms, both living and extinct. Here, I discussed the history of classification and its different systems, and referred to studies that addressed the problems that classifications of plants faced. Because the species rank has particular importance in the classification hierarchy and is the standard rank against which others are gauged, I also illustrated the system of naming new species (and cultivars) (‘Nomenclature’) through the construction, interpretation and application of the regulations that govern this system. As for the identification of plants, the development of various molecular techniques that generate molecular markers has made it possible to accurately identify plants. The ability to sequence DNA has uncovered a great deal more about where a plant belongs taxonomically and helps locate new species precisely. I referred to reviews that described some of those techniques and traditional methods that can be used for identification plant species and stressed on DNA barcoding.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.17

Advances in Plant Sciences Research by C P Malik

Page: 293-310

Abstract: With the availability of umpteen new techniques, several advances are being made in different area of plant sciences. We have described advances made in them in the last six months ago which include novel discoveries in photosynthesis, hormone which causes tolerance ot excessive salt, development of non-browning potato, corn hybrids with high yield, golden rice passes evaluation test, new mechanism of ausin functioning, etc.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.18

Effect of antioxidants on in vitro culture of pomegranate cv. Sindhuri by Ravi Kumar, M.L. Jakhar, Komal Sekhawat, Swarnlata Kumawat and Anita Burdak

Page: 311-318

Abstract: Present investigation was carried out with the objectives to optimize the effect of antioxidants on shoot proliferation for mass multiplication in different explants like nodal segment and shoot apex pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Sindhuri. Different explants viz., nodal segment and shoot apex obtained aseptically were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with responsive level (Nodal segment, 2.0 mg/l BAP and shoot apex, 2.5 mg/l BAP) of plant growth regulators for shoot multiplication. Antioxidants viz: activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, citric acid and polyvinylpyrollidone were used to control the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the culture medium and enhance the rate of micropropagation. The cultures were incubated at 25±2°C under 14:10 hour’s photoperiod with a light intensity of 3000 lux. Activated charcoal (200 mg/l) was found best antioxidant for maximum shoot bud induction in nodal segment and shoot apex explant through controlling of phenolic compounds.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.02.19

Volume 34 (2018) Issue 1 , (January-2018 to June-2018)

Jan-Jun

Edible Coating Delay Ripening and Influence the Quality and Shelf life of Fruits and Vegetable by A. V. Joshi and T.V.R. Rao

Page: 1-7

Abstract: Fruits and vegetables are highly demanded in the market because of its nutritional content like antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, flavonoids and phyto-chemicals. Short shelf life is a major problem of fresh produces like fruits and vegetables, and it is only because of its perishable nature. Fruits and vegetables are spoilt by insects, microorganisms, pre and post harvesting conditions during transport and storage. Post harvest loss mainly due to microbes, insects, respiration and transpiration. Nowadays, Preservation of fruits and vegetables is a big challenge for world. Edible coating is an effective method which provides protective edible covering to fruits and vegetables and extends the shelf life by control moisture transfer, gas exchange or oxidation processes. The major quality parameters of fresh fruits and vegetables contributing to the marketability are appearance, texture, colour, flavour, nutritional value and microbial safety. Edible coating can influence the ripening process by delayed the changes in weight loss, pH, total soluble solids, decay occurrence, total sugars, total phenols and ascorbic acid content, and also affect the cell wall modifying enzymes (polygalacturonase (PG), pectinase and cellulase) and browning related enzyme (Polyphenol oxidase (PPO)).

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.1

Production and Enhancement of Anthocyanin Pigment in Callus Cultures of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. by Afsheen Shahid and Mohammad Anis

Page: 9-14

Abstract: Anthocyanins are an important group of plant flavonoids which are responsible for imparting pink, red and blue coloration in a large number fruits, flowers and other plant parts providing an attractive option for colouring the processed food since long. The present study describes production of callus cultures from young inflorescence explants of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. It is a plant of medicinal importance and also a preferred tree species for biofuel plantations. 1.0 μM 2,4-D found to be best for callus development and proliferation with 100% response after 4 weeks. Of the several concentrations of different external stimuli tested, 6-benzyladenine (4 μM) produced the best results with 2 fold increase in anthocyanin accumulation in comparison to control. Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) treatment was found to exert a negative effect on biomass production with a nonsignificant increase in pigment production. The harvesting time of 4 weeks was found to be the optimum for highest pigment recovery beyond which the cells of callus mass start dying due to the browning effect of oxidized phenols.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.2

Evaluation of total Phenolic Content and DPPH Scavenging Activity in some Species of Asteraceae by Parto Roshandel and Rayhaneh Afkhami

Page: 15-21

Abstract: In the present study the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Achillea wilhelmsii (three ecotypes), Anthemis susiana (two ecotypes), Anthemis wettsteiniana, Anthemis lorestanica, Matricaria aurea, Matricaria recutita, Acroptilon repens (two ecotypes) were evaluated. Methanolic extracts of the flowers, shoots and roots of these species were examined to identify the phenolic content (using Folin-Ciocalteus reagent) and antioxidant capacity (employing DPPH radical- scavenging activity) Results showed that the highest level of polyphenols and DPPH radical- scavenging activity typically belonged to the flowers following by the shoots. The flowers of the RA ecotype of A. wilhelmsii, A. wettsteiniana, M. aurea and the shoot of A. repens showed the highest level of polyphenols in their own group. In all species, a significant negative correlation for total phenolic content and EC50 value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.3

Recent Perspectives towards Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Sugarcane by Gulzar S Sanghera and Arvind Kumar

Page: 23-35

Abstract: Sugarcane being a C4 crop produces a large amount of biomass is a water-loving crop, its requirements for water and fertilizers are equally very high. Water is already a scarce commodity in many parts of the world and predicted climate changes will aggravate the situation in future. Due to glycophytic nature of this crop, drought conditions interfere with sugar production by affecting growth rate, yield of the cane, juices of lower sucrose contents and the sucrose content of the stalk. Thus, drought may reduce sugarcane yield up to 50% or even more being a multi-dimensional stress, it causes various physiological and biochemical effects on plants. Enhancing the tolerance of this crop to abiotic stresses such as drought has therefore proved to be somewhat elusive in terms of plant breeding. Researchers are looking for different agronomic and physiological traits, which could lead to adaptation to these conditions or be correlated to drought tolerance. This article is an attempt to put emphasis on some potential strategies like physiological, biochemical and biotechnological that could be used in breeding for development of superior sugarcane varieties that improve crop productivity in water stress environments.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.4

Alleviating Effect of Foliar Sprayed Paclobutrazol and Salicylic Acid on Biochemical Changes in Mungbean under Cadmium Stress. by A. Hemantaranjan, Deepmala Katiyar , Jharna Vyas and A. Nishant Bhanu

Page: 37-44

Abstract: Pot experiments were carried out to assess the extent of cadmium stress-induced biochemical changes in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotype HUM-1 and its alleviating effect in the presence of plant growth regulators salicylic acid (SA) and paclobutrazol (PBZ), at different growth stages. All the treatments showed in improvement of biochemical parameters viz. chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid content, total soluble sugar and enzyme activity NR, SOD, APX etc. Chlorophyll content was found to be drastically reduced under plants exposed to both the levels of Cd stress and devoid of treatment with either of plant growth regulators. Paclobutrazol @ 100 μM has been found to be more significant in mitigating, Cd stress, as compared to salicylic acid at early as well as late growth stages. The total soluble sugar content increased in plants treated with paclobutrazol @ 50 μM. In all the other treatments sugar content was found to be lower than control plants, devoid of both Cd stress as well as plant growth regulator application. Paclobutrazol @ 100 μM has been found to be more significant in mitigating Cd stress, as compared to salicylic acid at early as well as late growth stages. Chlorophyll content was found to be drastically reduced under plants exposed to both the levels of Cd stress and devoid of treatment with either of plant growth regulators.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.5

Genetic variation among fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) varieties on the basis of essential oil composition and molecular markers (ISSR, SCoT, CDDP and CBDP) by Chitrangda Yadav and C.P.Malik

Page: 45-50

Abstract: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) benefits from a lot of useful medicinal properties. Genetic variance and heritability estimates of traits in a plant’s primary germplasms are needed before planning of a new breeding program. In the present study the genetic diversity for 14 fennel ecotypes were assessed by using molecular markers (ISSR, SCoT, CDDP and CBDP). Across the cultivars, a total of 102 fragments got amplified, of which 692 were polymorphic. Average polymorphic band per primer was 6.7. The highest amounts of polymorphism were observed in variety RF-145 and RF-205. As per diversity analysis; the polymorphic varieties were screened further for essential oil content. Essential oil content was determined by GC-MS. Both varieties were evaluated for their essential oil content and its composition. Essential oil content ranged from 20.05 to 25.21%. Twenty three major compounds including Limonene, β-ocimene, α -ocimene, Dihydrotagetone, Tagetone, Cis- Tagetone, Trans- Tagetone. α -terpinene, Camphene, Sabinine, Mycrene, α -phyellandrene, γ-terpinene, Linalool, Fenchone, Methyl chavicol, Trans-anethole, Cis-anethole, Camphor, Estragole, β-elemene, α-himachalene and β-himachalene were detected in variety RF-145 and Seventeen major compounds including α-pinene, Camphene, β-pinene, Mycerene, Carvacrol, Fenchone, α-terpinene, β-elemene, γ-terpinene, Thymol, Limonene, Trans-anethole, Camphor, Estragole, Camphene, Sabinine, Mycrene were detected in variety RF-205. Anethole was most abundant compound in both fennel germplasm lines which ranged from a minimum of 69.35 % to a maximum of 73.44 %.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.6

Physiology of Heat Stress and Tolerance Mechanisms - An Overview by A. Hemantaranjan, C.P. Malik and A. Nishant Bhanu

Page: 51-64

Abstract: Plant growth and development occupy frequent biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature. Heat stress, singly or in combination with drought, is a common constraint during anthesis and grain filling stages in many cereal crops of temperate regions. Even a short period of heat stress can cause significant decrease in floral buds and flowers abortion although great variations in sensitivity within and among plant species and variety exists. Pollination is one of the most sensitive phenological stages to temperature extremes across all species. Greater heat tolerance is defined as being where a specific plant process is damaged less by high tissue temperature and can involve constitutive effects or require acclimation. The adverse effects of heat stress can be mitigated by developing crop plants with improved thermotolerance. Expression of stress proteins, e.g., heat shock protein, is an important adaptation above and beyond genetic engineering and transgenic approaches. The tolerance conferred by HSPs results in improved physiological phenomena such as photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning, water and nutrient use efficiency, and membrane stability. Sensing of high temperature and induction of signaling cascades are important adaptive steps in coping with adversaries of heat stress. Genetic basis of heat tolerance is generally scarce. Constitutive expression of specific proteins has been shown to enhance heat tolerance. Omic approaches help to systematic analysis and correlation between the changes in the genome, transcriptome, microme, proteome and metabolome to the variability in plant’s response to temperature extremes and their application to increase the chances of developing stress tolerant plants. Microarray technology has recently become a powerful tool for the systematic analysis of expression (or transcriptome) profiles of large numbers of genes induced or repressed by heat treatment. Besides immense endeavours, pertinent and tangible focus has to be made upon the heat stress management. This article accentuates to review the recent findings on responses, tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organellar and whole plant levels and describes various approaches being taken to enhance thermotolerance in plants.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.7

Phytochemical Analysis of Indian Herbs –A Review by Bratati Roy, C.P. Malik, Sandeep Sharma and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 65-79

Abstract: This review focuses on Indian Herbal drugs and plants used in the treatment of various disease, especially in India. India has rich biodiversity and plants have been a source to cure diverse health problems since ancient times. In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. In this present study four Indian herbs namely fennel, ajwain, fenugreek and cumin will be studied based on their phytochemistry.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.8

Advances in Plant Science Research by C.P. Malik and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 81-91

Abstract: Scientists all over the world are working for the development of high yield varieties or the varieties that can be grown in harsh environ mental conditions also. Scientists in China have developed several types of rice that can be grown in seawater, potentially creating enough food for 200 million people. The focus is not only on the development of resistant varieties but also on development of improved varieties. Scientists have developed the parthenocarpic tomato plant using CRISPAR-CAS9. Similarly, A significant tool in bioengineering of energy crops that are tolerant to water deficits is developed using the Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi, an emerging model for CAM genomics research because of its relatively small genome and amenability to genetic modification. This model not only works for the water use efficiency but also for the use of saline water for plant growth at high temperature. A recent breakthrough is the development of new type of wheat that has ten times the amount of the fiber which helps improve gut health. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry have succeeded in producing functional plant Rubisco in a bacterium, allowing genetic engineering of the enzyme. Dodder, a parasitic plant, attached to a host plant from which it obtains water and nutrients. The parasite inserts microRNAs into the host that can silence the expression of host genes. This is the first example of cross-species gene regulation observed in a parasitic plant. This review article is comprised of latest information related to advances in plant science research.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.9

Effects of NPK and 6-Benzylaminopurine on Growth and Flowering of two Orchid Genera by Ngapui R, Purnima Gogoi, K. Chowlu and S. P. Vij

Page: 93-99

Abstract: Rising demand of herbal medicine and environmental degradation necessitates the development of more productive management practices for many valuable orchid species. The Nitrogen Phosphorous and Potassium fertilization and 6-Benzylaminopurine application has been advised as a practice to address these trends. However, it is not known at what rate the plant would efficiently endorse the growth. Performance of three NPK ratios viz; (10:10:10), (20:10:15) and (30:10:15) with three dosages i.e. 1, 2 and 3 g L-1 for each ratio and nine concentrations i.e. 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mg L-1 of BAP supplement on two rare orchids Dendrobium densiflorum and Phaius tankervilleae was evaluated in green house condition. At 1 g L-1 of (30:10:15) ratio NPK application, both the species showed significantly highest plant height, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaves. Shortest time interval from inflorescence emergence to first flower opening was observed at 200 mg L-1. The results indicate that NPK with high N and K promote vegetative growth and the cytokinin (BAP) 200 mg L-1 has great potential for speeding up flowering process in both the genera.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.10

Drought-induced Biochemical changes in Chickpea by Surya Nayar, Vineet Soni and Sunita Parihar

Page: 101-105

Abstract: A comparative study was carried out to study the modifications in various metabolites such as soluble protein, proline, reducing sugar, starch, total chlorophyll and relative leaf water content in two varieties (C-235 and BG-391) of C. arietinum growing under in vivo drought stress. Both varieties of chickpea exhibited differential responses under water limiting condition. Variety C-235 responds well by up/ down regulating the biosynthesis of metabolites to cope up with drought stress and was found suitable for drought prone areas.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.11

Rapd Analysis of Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Genotypes Differing in Response to Water Stress by Vijeta Sharma, Pushpa Seth, Sunil K. Khandelwal, Arunabh Joshi, Devendra Jain and Deepak Rajpurohit

Page: 107-113

Abstract: PCR- based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were employed to search genetic diversity and association with drought tolerance in fifteen mustard genotypes. Ten morphological observations were recorded and these morphological characters were analyzed using ward’s clustering method to compare with RAPD analysis. Identified the genotypes tolerant to water stress involved growing fifteen genotypes at seedling stage under drought conditions (-5 bar) exerted by PEG-6000. These tests confirmed the seven genotypes were tolerant to water stress. Fifteen out of ten random primers screened revealed polymorphism among the genotypes. A total of 521 amplified fragments were formed by 10 primers and 44 amplicon were obtained. Out of which 26 bands were polymorphic and the level of polymorphism is 56.25 per cent. The average number of polymorphic bands per primer is 2.6. Ten decamer RAPD primers were used for fingerprinting of the genotypes of which primers P10 (S-36) and P5 (OPB-04) produced highest total per cent match (66.67%) to the drought tolerant genotypes at base pair 400 and a 820 respectively. Based on polymorphism four RAPD primers S-36, S-30, OPC-09 and OPC-05 were found to be highly discriminative. The result showed that there is a relationship among morphological characters, molecular analysis and stress genotypes.

DOI: -https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2018.34.01.12

NEWS REPORT :- National Symposium on Photosynthesis and Felicitation Function for Prof. Govindjee (December 8–9, 2017, Udaipur, India)

Page: 115-116

GOVINDJEE : The Biologist Extraordinary

Page: 117-118

Volume 33 (2017)

Volume 33 (2017) Issue 2 , (July-2017 to December-2017)

July-December

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Interrelationships among Cane Yield Attributes in Sugarcane (Saccharum Ssp.) Under Plant and Ratoon Crops by Gulzar S Sanghera, Vikrant Tyagi, L Kashyap and Rupinderpal Singh

Page: 127-138

Effects of Heat Stress on the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Commiphora Wightii (Arnott) Bhandari by Vineet Soni and P.L. Swarnkar

Page: 139-145

Biofortification of Crops for Reducing Malnutrition by Ravi Kumar, M. L. Jakhar and Hari Ram Jat

Page: 147-149

Stimulatory Effect of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizospheric Bacteria) on Medicinal and Growth Properties of a Potential Medicinal Herb Chlorophytum Borivilianum: A Review by Baby Kumari, Amandeep Hora and M.A. Mallick

Page: 151-156

Additions to the Flora of Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India by A Baleeshwar Reddy and A. Vijaya Bhasker Reddy

Page: 157-166

Allele Mining – An Approach to Discover Allelic Variation in Crops by Yugandhar Gokidi, A. Nishant Bhanu, Kailash Chandra, M. N. Singh and A. Hemantaranjan

Page: 167-180

Low Cost Tissue Culture : An Overview by S. K. Datta, Debasis Chakraborty and T. Janakiram

Page: 181-199

Estimation of the Effect of Drought on Morpho-physiological Attributes in different Coriander genotypes (Coriandrum sativum L.) by Mamta Bajya, B.L. Kakralya and Tejpal Bajaya

Page: 201-2017

Withania somnifera: An important herb in Ayurveda and Indigenous Medicinal System by Kamaljit Kaur, Gurpreet Kaur and Ritesh Kaur

Page: 209-222

Current and Emerging Advances in Plant Sciences by C.P. Malik and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 223-261

Biography of Dr. Gurbachan Singh

Page: 263-265

Volume 33 (2017) Issue 1 , (January-2017 to June-2017)

Jan-Jun

TGMS line EC 720903 as a suitable female parent to Kerala through phenological study
by Neethu Chandra. C, Roy Stephen, R. V. Manju, Niya Celine, Shabana. R, and Anila Abhilash

Page: 1-10

Standardization of Micropropagation in Gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.] by Aparna, M. L. Jakhar & Kaushlya Choudhary

Page: 11-26

Evaluations of Some Organic Compounds in Ethyl Acetate extract of ‘Marwar Dhaman’ by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry by Premlata Singariya, Krishan Kumar Moury & Padma Kumar

Page: 17-27

Participatory Evaluation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributes in Temperate Kashmir by Fayaz A. Sheikh, Parvaze A. Sofi, Mohamad N. Khan, Najeeb R. Sofi, Shabir H. Wani, & M. A. Bhat

Page: 29-35

Seed germination and seedling growth traits in different varieties of Foeniculum vulgare grown in Rajasthan
by Staffi Grover

Page: 37-43

Genetic Variability in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) by Suman Gathala, K D Ameta, R B Dubey, R AKaushik, Hari Singh & VK Kapuriya

Page: 45-50

Effect of Seed Treatment on Alleviation of Low Temperature Stress in Tinda (Citrullus vulgaris L.) by Dimple Parcha & Namarta Gupta

Page: 51-56

Isolation and Identification of Sediment derived Actinomycetes through Molecular Characterization of 16s rRNATechnique by G. Velayutham, S. Jenifer & S. Senthil Kumar

Page: 57-61

Study on Genetic Diversity of some Morpho types of Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f.ex A. Gray using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and inter sequence repeat (ISSR) by Damini Singh & C P Malik

Page: 63-69

Biochemical Characterization in different Accessions of Fennel to Assess variability at Biochemical Level by Staffi Grover

Page: 71-76

Identification and Comparison of Chemical Compounds in different varieties of Foeniculum Vulgare using GC-MS analysis by Bratati Roy, Chitra Yadav & CPMalik

Page: 77-84

Unleashing Innovations in Plant Sciences by C PMalik, Dheera Sanadhya & Bratati Roy

Page: 85-116

The King of Bitters, “Andrographis paniculata”: APlant with Multiple Medicinal Properties by Preeti Sharma & Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 117-125

Volume 32 (2016)

Volume 32 (2016) Issue 2 , (July-2016 to December-2016)

Jul-Dec

Stability Analysis for Yield and its Attributes in Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) Under Kashmir Conditions by Asma Majid, S. A. Dar, and Shabir H. Wani

Page: 101-105

Influence of Brassinolide in Mitigating the Adverse Effect of Drought on Physiological Attributes in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn) genotypes by M. Singh, B. L. Kakralya and Prakash Mahala

Page: 107-110

Response of Rabi Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Varying Levels of Sulphur under Semi-Arid Conditions
by P. Chand, P. Mahala and P. Singh

Page: 111-114

Anthocyanins from Purple Black Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Act as Effective Natural Food Bio-colorant and Real Time Indicators of Food Spoilage by Khalid Z. Masoodi, Minu B. Balkhi, Rovidha S. Rasool, Farheena Shah, Sanjana Kaul, and Manoj K. Dhar

Page: 115-120

Increasing Pro-Vitamin A in Rice through Gene Amplification Technology by Khalid Z. Masoodi, Minu B. Balkhi, Rovidha S. Rasool, Farheena Shah, Nazia Hilal, Saba Mir, Wasia Wani, Sajad M. Zargar, Shafiq A. Wani, Riaz A. Shah and Manoj K. Dhar

Page: 121-127

In Vitro Regeneration Studies in Wild Crucifers
by Javeed A. Lone, S. K. Gupta, M. N. Khan, Shabir H. Wani, Rayees A. Lone and Mamta Sharma

Page: 129-134

CoPb 08217- A Promising Mid Maturing Variety of Sugarcane for Punjab by G. S. Sanghera, R. Kumar, V. Tyagi, Rupinder Pal Singh, L. Kashyap, O. Singh, K. S. Thind and B. Kumar

Page: 135-141

Study of Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield Attributing Characters in Pigeonpea
by A. Nishant Bhanu, M. N. Singh, Abhinav Singh Rathore, A. Hemantaranjan and S. K. Saroj

Page: 143-148

Punica granatum: Cultivation and Medicinal Importances
by Ritesh Kaur and C.P. Malik

Page: 149-160

Biochemical Characterization and Comparison of Ajwain Seed Extracts through Mass Spectrometry by Bratati Roy, Priya Tomar and C.P. Malik

Page: 161-188

Non-Timber Forest Produce of Bilaspur Forest Division of Chhattisgarh State of India and their Potential in the Livelihood of Tribal Communities
by S. J. A. Bhat, Mukhtar A. Itoo and Syed Maqbool Geelani

Page: 189-194

Heat Stress in Plants : Sensing and Defense Mechanisms by Akanksha Sehgal, Kumari Sita and Harsh Nayyar

Page: 195-210

Book Review

Page: 211-212

Volume 32 (2016) Issue 1 , (January-2016 to June-2016)

January-June

Archegoniatae Diversity in Thummalapalle Uranium Mining Area, Andhra Pradesh, India
by K. Raja Kullayiswamy, M. Sowghandika, S. Sandhya Rani and T. Pullaiah

Page: 1-11

Physiological Analyses of Coconut Palms (Cocos nucifera L.) Affected with Foliar Yellowing by Deepa S., Manju R. V., Roy Stephen and Viji M. M.

Page: 13-19

ISSR Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Selected Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and
Implications for Precious Fennel Germplasm Conservation by Chitrangda Yadav and C.P.Malik

Page: 21-26

Genetic Diversity Assessment in Trachyspermum ammi. L. Sprague Using CDDP and CBDP Markers by Priya Tomar and C.P. Malik

Page: 23-36

Molecular Characterization of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers by Chitrangda Yadav and C.P.Malik

Page: 37-44

Screening of 12 Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L) Varieties for Aluminium Toxicity using Germination Marker Analyse by one way ANOVA by Mohd Shahnawaz and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 45-51

Transgenic Research: Present Status, Concerns and Future Prospects
by Javeed A. Lone, Shabir H. Wani, M. Ashraf Bhat, Asif B. Shikari and Rayees A. Lone

Page: 53-71

Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Plants and Resistance Mechanism: A Review by Mohammad Shahnawaz, Rajni Chauhan and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 73-87

Agro-molecular Diversity Analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes using Microsatellite based Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Marker
by Mitali Dash and K.C. Samal

Page: 87-94

Callus regeneration of Shami (Prosopis cineraria) an Endangered Plant of Braj Region of Uttar Pradesh
by Divya Pathak, Rajneesh K. Agnihotri and Rajendra Sharma

Page: 95-100

Contents

Page:

Obituary

Page:

Volume 31 (2015)

Volume 31 (2015) Issue 2 , (July-2015 to December-2015)

In vitro Studies of Strawberry - An Important Fruit Crop: A Review
by Suvalaxmi Palei, Arun Kumar Das and Gyana Ranjan Rout

Page: 115-131

Field Evaluation of Fungicides and Bio-agents Against Powdery Mildew of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Caused by Erysiphe polygoni
by Manoj Kumar Meena and Shafaat Ahmad

Page: 133-136

Growth Analysis and Seed Yield Responses of Pulse (Vigna spp.) to Moisture Regimes by Pushp Sharma

Page: 137-143

Pollen Allergenic Plants and Their Phytosociological Analysis of Peddagattu Area, a Proposed Site for Uranium Project, Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India by A. Baleeshwar Reddy and A. Vijaya Bhasker Reddy

Page: 145-148

Efficacy of Fungicides and Bio-agents in the Management of Powdery Mildew of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)
by N. L. Choudhary, Sunil Zacharia, M. K. Meena and S. R. Bana

Page: 149-151

A Review on Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Marker
by Akhil K. Sanhkla and C. P. Malik

Page: 153-160

Correlation and Path Coefficients Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) by Prabhat Singh, M.L. Jakhar, Rajdeep Mundiyara, Kana Ram Jat and R. K. Kuldeep

Page: 161-165

Genetic Variability for Grain Yield and Its Various Components in Taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.)
by Prabhat Singh, M.L. Jakhar, Rajdeep Mundiyara, Kana Ram Jat and Mahendra Singh Manohar

Page: 167-171

Interrelationship and Path Analysis for Yield Improvement in Elite Rice Genotypes
by Ravi Kumar, G. Suresh Babu, Satish Kumar Rai and L. Bandana Devi

Page: 173-177

Effect of CO Enrichment on Growth and Development of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Varieties
by Minu M., Manju R.V., Roy Stephen, Reshma R.B. and Viji M.M.

Page: 179-182

Polyamines: Metabolism and Role in Abiotic Stress Amelioration
by Alfiya Bohra, Dheera Sanadhya and D.S. Bhatia

Page: 183-195

Evaluation of Selectively Fertilized Hybrids of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) for Water Use Efficiency Under Moderate Water Stress
by Aisha Renju N.A., Roy Stephen and Manju R.V.

Page: 197-200

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Plants Subjected to Drought and Salinity by Rajani Chauhan, Alfiya Bohra and Dheera Sanadhya

Page: 201-216

Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Proline Increase Antioxidant Enzyme Activities at Low Temperature in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by Harpreet Kaur and Namarta Gupta

Page: 217-223

An Approach to Understand the Concept of Additional Peaks while Bioanalysis through LC-MS/MS by Bratati Roy, Anjana Rizal, and C.P. Malik

Page: 225-239

Assessment of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seed Germination Characteristics and Comparison of Different Seedling Growth Parameters at Initial Stages by Chitrangda Yadav, Priya Tomar and C. P. Malik

Page: 241-247

Cover

Page:

Volume 31 (2015) Issue 1 , (January-2015 to June-2015)

Microsatellites : A Review by Akhil K. Sanhkla and C. P. Malik

Page: 1-11

Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) by H.K. Meena, K. Ram Krishna and Bhuri Singh

Page: 13-16

Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Inorganic Sources of N-P on Quality and Yield of Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata) by S. Singh, M.R. Choudhary, P. Mahala, T.V. Yadav, O.P. Garhwal and P. Ujjainiya

Page: 17-20

Efficacy of Organic Cakes Against Wilt of Fenugreek Incited by Fusarium oxysporium by Sanju Choudhary and K. S. Shekhawat

Page: 21-23

Population Dynamics of Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and Its Natural Enemies on Cumin, Cuminum cyminum Linn. in Relation to Abiotic Factors by R.P. Samota, K.C. Kumawat and R.G. Samota

Page: 25-28

Genetic Variability for Different Biometrical Traits among Parental Lines of Pearl millet and Their Hybrids by Bhuri Singh, K.C. Sharma and E.V.D. Sastry

Page: 29-32

A Comparison of Different Parameters at Initial Stages of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Different Rajasthan Varieties of Cuminum cyminum L. by Madhuri Parashar and C.P. Malik

Page: 33-38

Novel Drug Delivery System from Essential Oil of Trachyspermum ammi by Priya Tomar and C.P. Malik

Page: 39-46

Management of Alternaria Blight of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) Caused by Alternaria lini by S. K. Holi and Suresh Meena

Page: 47-50

Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants with Special Reference to Cadmium: A Review by Alfiya Bohra, Dheera Sanadhya and Rajani Chauhan

Page: 51-74

Efficiency of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Markers for Molecular Characterization of Eruca sativa Varieties by Jyoti Ushahra and C.P. Malik

Page: 75-82

Microsatellite Markers: An Important DNA Fingerprinting Tool for Characterization of Crop Plants by Radheshyam Sharma, S.R. Maloo, Sharda Choudhary and Devendra Jain

Page: 83-89

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Proline on Seed Germination and Antioxidant Enzymes in Aged Seeds of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) by Shruti and Namarta Gupta

Page: 91-96

Influence of Methods of Sowing on Productivity of Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids by Mahesh Kumar and Jasbir Singh Chawla

Page: 97-99

Phenotypic Expression in Inter Subspecies Crosses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and
Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. spp. sesquipedalis)
by G. Selvakumar and R. Usha Kumari

Page: 101-108

Variability Analysis in Inter Subspecies Crosses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. spp. sesquipedalis) by G. Selvakumar and R. Usha Kumari

Page: 109-113

Volume 30 (2014)

Volume 30 (2014) Issue 2 , (July-2014 to December-2014)

July-December

Alterations in Withanolide Production in Withania somnifera (l). Dunal Under Low Light Stress by Lini Jacob, Manju R. V ., Roy Stephen, Viji M. M. and Lekshmi K. Edison

Page: 119-121

Efficacy of Fungicides in vitro and in vivo of Early Blight of T omato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Alternaria solani by A.G. Walke, S.R. Potdukhe, Suresh Meena, A. K. Meena, G.L. Kakralya and C.S. Choudhary

Page: 123-127

Efficacy of Biocidal Seed Treatment against Seed Borne Alternaria alternata
Associated with Radish (Raphanus sativus) Seeds.
by Paru Panwar , R.P . Ghasolia and Rekha Kumawat

Page: 129-132

Phenological, Morpho-Agronomic and Floral Characterization of Promising Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Suitable for Kerala
by Niya Celine V . J. , Roy Stephen, Manju R. V ., Shabana R.

Page: 133-139

Pharmacognostical Studies of Actiniopteris radiata (Swartz) Link by J. Shashikanth, A.Vijayabhaskar Reddy and P . Ramchandra Reddy

Page: 141-146

Performance of Mungbean Under Irrigated Conditions: Physiological Parameters Determining the Yield During Crop Growth.
by Pushp Sharma

Page: 147-152

Efficacy of Biocidal (Bio-agents and Plant Leaf Extracts) Seed Treatment Against
Seed Borne Mycoflora of Lucerne (Medicago sativa) by Pankaj Agarwal, S.C. Jain and Rekha Kumawat

Page: 153-156

Assessment of V ariability among Indian Garlic Cultivars Based on Morphological Traits by Abhilash Nair , Anil Khar , Ritesh Kaur and C P Malik

Page: 157-170

Comparative Study of Proximate, Antinutritional and Functional Properties of Sprouted and Unsprouted Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Flour
by Swati Mutreja and Navdeep Jindal

Page: 171-174

Effect of Organic Products against Sucking Pests of Chilli. (Capsicum annuum L.) by N.N. Dahatonde, P .P . Patil and S.K. Bhalkare

Page: 175-182

Effect of Different Doses of Newer Insecticides Against Sucking Pests of Okra by S. R. Patil, G. K. Lande and S.K. Bhalkare

Page: 183-187

Chemical Fingerprinting in Three Morphotypes of Cissus quadrangularis L. by Ritesh Kaur and C.P . Malik

Page: 189-196

Effect of T emperature, Relative Humidity and pH on Mycelial Growth and Sporulation of Fusarium solani Causing Root Rot of Indian Aloe (Aloe barbadensis MILL.)
by M. K. Jat and R.R. Ahir

Page: 197-199

Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatment Against Seed Borne Altrnaria alternata Associated with Radish (Raphanus sativus) Seeds.
by Paru Panwar , Rekha Kumawat and S.C. Jain

Page: 201-203

Study of Stability Parameters for Seed Yield and its Components in Mung Bean (V igna radiata L. wilczek)
by R. Bhardwaj, A. S. Shekhawat, R. Mundiyara and N. C. Sharma

Page: 205-212

In vitro Studies of Curcuma longa L. and Assessment of Genetic Uniformity through Chemo and DNA Profiling
by Sachin S. Kharade, Kailash Ch. Samal, Gyanalok Das and G.R. Rout

Page: 213-219

Volume 30 (2014) Issue 1 , (January-2014 to June-2014)

January - June

Assessing Morphological, Anatomical, Physiological, Micropropagation, Phytochemistry and Genetic Diversity in L Cissus quadrangularis by Ritesh Kaur and C P Malik

Page: 1-12

Genotypic differences for Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Coriander ( L.) Coriandrum sativum by Santosh Choudhary, R P Didel, M L Jakhar and Ganga Ram

Page: 13-16

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cultures of Fennel in vitro (Mill.) Genotypes Foeniculum vulgare by R P Didel, Santosh Choudhary, M L Jakhar and Ganga Ram

Page: 17-19

Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mature Leaves and Spikes of Black pepper ( L.) Piper nigrum by Ashish Subba, Swapna Alex, Soni K B, Deepa S Nair and Reghunath B R

Page: 21-25

Quality and Suitability of Sub-Surface Irrigation Water in Muktsar District of Punjab by J S Khera, A S Toor, S S Dhaliwal and C B Singh

Page: 27-31

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management Approach on Nutritional Quality of Rice Grain by M K Walia, S S Walia, Savita Sharma and S S Dhaliwal

Page: 33-38

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Rajdeep Mundiyara, S A Kerkhi, M L Jakhar

Page: 39-47

Different IPM Modules against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer Guen. on Brinjal Leucinodus orbonalis by R G Samota, B L Jat and M R Bajiya

Page: 49-51

Effect of Drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol on Germination and Seedling Establishment in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Rice by Harjot Singh Gurm, Seema Bedi and Gurpreet Kaur

Page: 53-63

Status of Seed Mycoflora of Lucerne ( L.) Medicago sativa by Pankaj Agarwal, S C Jain and Rekha Kumawat

Page: 65-71

Physiological Growth - Yield Relationships in Wheat Genotypes Under Sowing Date Mediated Heat Stress by Radhika, S K Thind, N S Bains and P Chhunneja

Page: 73-79

The Role of Silicon to Increase Salt Tolerance in Red and White Varieties of Bean ( L.) Phaseolus vulgaris by Hadi Nosrati, Parto Roshandel and Abdo-rahman Mohamadkhani

Page: 81-90

Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity and pH on Mycelial Growth and Sporulation of Fusarium pallidoroseum Cucumis callosus Causing Fruit Rot of Kachari (Curcumis Callosus) by Rekha Kumawat, R G Jat and R P Ghasolia

Page: 91-93

Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatment against Seed Borne Mycoflora of Lucerne ( L.) Medicago by Pankaj Agarwal and S C Jain

Page: 103-105

Effect Of Sea Weed (Sargassum Wightil) Extract, 6-BA, Chemical Nutrients And Pruning On Vegetative Growth Cycle Of Mango ( Mangifera Indica L.) CV. Kesar by J Shankaraswamy and R S Chovatia

Page: 107-111

Influence of Harvesting Stages and Processing Techniques on Quality of Canesugar Impregnated Indian Gooseberry Slices by R Kumawat, M R Choudhary, O P Garhwal, P Mahala, T V Yadav and P Ujjainiya

Page: 113-118

Volume 29 (2013)

Volume 29 (2013) Issue 2 , (July-2013 to December-2013)

July-December

Antioxidant and Dehalogenase Activity of Lagenaria sciceraria Seed Protein Fraction by Rishi Raj Choudhary, H.N V erma and Nilesh Kumar Sharma

Page: 145-158

Relative Efficiency of Different Selection Indices for Grain Yield in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) by Kanchan Pahwa, Navita Ghai, Jagmeet Kaur and Sarvjeet Singh

Page: 159-163

Studies on Tree Diversity during Low Temperature Condition in an Open Dry Scrubland Forest of Rajasthan
by Qazi Gazala, Syed Maqbool Geelani, Kumar . N, J.I. and Rohit, K. B.

Page: 165-168

An Efficient Procedure for in vitro Microrhizome Induction in Curcuma aromatica by Shameena S. and Reghunath B.R.

Page: 169-173

Dry Matter Partitioning and Grain Yield Potential of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Levels of Farmyard Manure and Nitrogen by Bhadra Parija and Mahesh Kumar

Page: 177-180

Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity and pH on Mycelial Growth and Sporulation of
Fusarium solani Causing Root Rot of Indian Aloe (Aloe barbadensis MILL. ) by M. K. Jat and R.R. Ahir

Page: 181-183

Correlation and Path Coefficients Analysis in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emends stuntz] for Green Fodder Yield and its Components
by Ganga Ram, K.C. Sharma, M.L. Jakhar, E.V.D. Sastry and Rajdeep Mundiyara

Page: 185-190

Breaking Yield Ceiling in Rice through Ideotype Breeding and Physiological Interventions by Gulzar S Sanghera and Deepak Sharma

Page: 191-209

Influence of Fertilizers on the Incidence of Tetranychus urticae Koch on Ashwagandha by Manisha Sharma, Ashok Sharma and Nema Ram

Page: 211-214

D Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Rajdeep Mundiyara, S.A. Kerkhi, M.L. Jakhar and Ganga Ram

Page: 215-219

Lead Nitrate Induced Mito-inhibition in Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) by G. Kumar and Saumil Dwivedi

Page: 221-226

Relationship among Yield Components and Selection Criteria for Yield Improvement in Indian Colaza (Brassica juncea (L) Czern & Coss by Ramraj Sen, Bhuri Singh and S.P. Singh

Page: 227-233

Efficient Micropropagation of Tridax procumbens L.: A Medicinal Herb by Jyoti Ushahra and C.P. Malik

Page: 235-239

Effect of Phosphorus and Phosphate Solubilizers on Nodulation and Dry matter Accumulation of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by Suresh Meena, S.R. Potdukhe and R.P . Ghasolia

Page: 241-243

Novel Genome Sequencing T echniques for Accelerating Crop Improvement Shabir H. Wani , Shafiq A. Wani, Gulzar S. Sanghera, N. B. Singh , Ishfaq Abidi,
by A. Haribhushan and Ratan Telem

Page: 245-254

In vitro Regeneration and Characterization of in vitro Mutants in Cumin by M.L. Jakhar , Ganga Ram and Babu Lal

Page: 255-263

Molecular Secret of Life under Extreme Thermal Environments by Ved Pal Singh

Page: 265-269

Volume 29 (2013) Issue 1 , (January-2013 to June-2013)

January-June

Effect of Defoliation at Different Stages of Crop Growth on Yield in Mungbean (V igna radiata Wilczek) by Pushp Sharma

Page: 1-4

Genetic Engineering for Crop Improvement by MH Khan, Ajaz ALone and ShabirH Wani

Page: 5-13

Efficacy of Biocides against Fusarium pallidoroseum Causing Fruit Rot of Kachari (Cucumis callosus by Rekha Kumawat, R.G. Jat, S.C. Jain and Kavita Kumawat

Page: 15-17

Influence of Nutrient Levels on Growth, Yield attributes and Yield of Maize Genotypes by Mahesh Kumar, SPS Brarand JasbirSingh

Page: 19-22

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Cultivated and Wild Pomegranates of Jammu region using RAPD primers
by Ritu Mahajan, Aditi V aid, Ayushi Tiwari, Navroop Kaur , Ankesh Kotwal

Page: 23-28

Assessment of Diverse Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm for Mineral Composition by K. Vanisha, A.K. Atwal, S.S. Dhaliwal and Shashi K. Banga

Page: 29-39

SUBJECT

The Journal of Plant Science Research

President

Vice President

Secretary cum Treasurer

Editorial Board

Advisory Board

Founder Chief Editor

Editor-In-Chief

Volume 38 (2022) Issue 1 , (January-2022 to June-2022)

Volume 37 (2021)

Volume 37 (2021) Issue 2 , (July-2021 to December-2021)

Volume 37 (2021) Issue 1 , (January-2021 to June-2021)

Volume 36 (2020)

Volume 36 (2020) Issue 1-2 Comb. , (January-2020 to December-2020)

Volume 35 (2019)

Volume 35 (2019) Issue 2 , (July-2019 to December-2019)

Volume 35 (2019) Issue 1 , (January-2019 to June-2019)

Volume 34 (2018)

Volume 34 (2018) Issue 2 , (July-2018 to December-2018)

Volume 34 (2018) Issue 1 , (January-2018 to June-2018)

Volume 33 (2017)

Volume 33 (2017) Issue 2 , (July-2017 to December-2017)

Volume 33 (2017) Issue 1 , (January-2017 to June-2017)

Volume 32 (2016)

Volume 32 (2016) Issue 2 , (July-2016 to December-2016)

Volume 32 (2016) Issue 1 , (January-2016 to June-2016)

Volume 31 (2015)

Volume 31 (2015) Issue 2 , (July-2015 to December-2015)

Volume 31 (2015) Issue 1 , (January-2015 to June-2015)

Volume 30 (2014)

Volume 30 (2014) Issue 2 , (July-2014 to December-2014)

Volume 30 (2014) Issue 1 , (January-2014 to June-2014)

Volume 29 (2013)

Volume 29 (2013) Issue 2 , (July-2013 to December-2013)

Volume 29 (2013) Issue 1 , (January-2013 to June-2013)