Jan- to Jun-2025

India’s Population Problems and Challenges to Sustainable Development Goals in Global Perspectives: A Ray of Hope

By: Salahuddin Qureshi

Page No : 1-23

Abstract
The growing global population is one of the biggest challenges to man and his environment of survival and sustenance. It is an alarming issue of social equality, selfsufficiency, and sustainability from local and regional to national levels. Population has been a major issue in India and more so in the latest context of its largest population in the world. The problem appears aggravated because, despite a decreasing population growth rate, India’s aggregate number has grown from 1210 million in the last census of 2011 to 1460 million by the end of 2024. There is a net increase of 250 million even with the slowing momentum of growth. It tends to undermine the attainment of sustainable development goals. There is a formidable challenge to the quality of life, social cohesion, and ecology. Some population theorists are of the view that the standard of living, quality of life, and consumption cultures are the result of technological innovations and market incentives. Other scholars question whether subsistence or commercial consumerism is the root cause of the ecological crisis. Whether environmental diversity better allowed to be maintained in subsistence cultures? The complex matter becomes a bit clear in the population growth differentials between the traditional subsistence and the modern commercial societies. Geographically evident is the population growth differential between the developing and the developed countries. The same is evident in India at inter-regional variation in the form of a north-south divide of population problem. Kerala despite a high man-land ratio has been a developed state in most variables of sustainability and human development index. While, now highest density, Bihar and largest populated Uttar Pradesh are struggling at the lower rung of development and sustainability resulting in trains of out-migrations. However, in the analysis of imminent environmental and demographic dangers, we often tend to highlight the sustainability problems of a growing population. We do not admit the growing resource availability indue measure. In its positive, equilibrated perspective population growth might promote production on the one hand and sustainable per capita income on the other. One of the important ways of monitoring population policies and planning lies in the improved performance in UN integrated Sustainable Development Goals. The first and foremost emphasis has been laid on raising the employment and purchasing power of the people in the form of No Poverty followed by Zero Hunger. The second is largely dependent on the first. These two are dependent on all the more erosive conditions of inflicted inflation in the absence of marketing controls particularly in the scarcity economies. As per the Sustainable Development Report (SDR) 2024, the world is way behind Agenda 2030 with only 17 percent of the targets on track. The report highlights a dire need to reduce social inequalities. India ranks 109 in the list of 167 reported countries. India’s immediate ray of hope is in the southern skies.

Author
Salahuddin Qureshi, (Retd.) Professor of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, India. Presidential Address delivered at the 46th Indian Geography Congress of NAGI held at Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad on 27th December 2024.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.1

Price: 251

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Reimagining India’s Role in a Changing Global Order: Prospects and Challenges for a Soft Power Ascent

By: Surinder Aggarwal

Page No : 24-38

Abstract
The paper explores and examines India’s evolving role in a rapidly transitioning global order characterised by multipolarity, regional fragmentation, and a weakening liberal globalisation framework. As the world transitions from unipolarity toward complex, multipolar alignments, emerging economies—particularly those of the Global South—are asserting greater influence in global governance and power sharing. India, as a major democratic and demographic power, stands at strategic crossroads. Drawing on five structural shifts—emerging economies’ demand for power redistribution, the escalation of conflicts, the resurgence of nationalism, demographic transitions, and technological disruption—the paper situates India within a broader realignment of global institutions and multilateral forums like G20 and BRICS+. BRICS+ is essentially emerging a power sharing and negotiating platform between the exploited Global South and Western hegemonic economies and financial systems. The study argues that India’s ascent as a global actor will depend not solely on hard power but also on its capacity to deploy soft power through a robust knowledge economy, inclusive development, and cultural diplomacy. The paper critically assesses India’s structural strengths—youthful population, technological innovation, and diasporic influence—alongside challenges such as inequality, underinvestment in R&D, and governance constraints. Ultimately, it calls for a strategic and values-based approach. This is achievable by positioning India as a co-leader in a multipolar world order through a reimagined knowledge economy, digital innovation, inclusive development, and a sound foreign policy that showcases regional solidarity, trusted leadership, and democratic credibility. Look East policy can align India towards regional solidarity and strategic partnerships to bolster its regional and global image as a major power.

Author
Surinder Aggarwal, Former Professor of Geography, University of Delhi and ICSSR National Fellow.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.2

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The Intersection of Local Governance and Socio-Economic Welfare Policies in Revitalizing Bundelkhand’s Landscape

By: Rohit Kumar Yadav , Suresh Chand Rai , Ashish Kumar Saha

Page No : 39-53

Abstract
The Bundelkhand region in India faces various challenges related to agriculture and livelihood. Social security schemes have been implemented in the area to provide economic assistance to farmers and sustainable livelihoods. This study examined the effectiveness of social welfare schemes and their implementation, as well as the role of the Panchayati Raj Institution in this process. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating narrative accounts, household surveys, and a secondary database, with statistical analysis used to examine these dimensions comprehensively. The study found that implementing these schemes was more successful in villages where PRIs significantly spread awareness and completed documentation, particularly in locations near the National Highway-39 region. During implementation, several challenges arise, including awareness deprivation, preferential treatment, and low technology penetration.Overall, the study suggests that there is a need to enhance the implementation of social security schemes in the region by increasing awareness and participation among PRIs, as well as improving human well-being.

Author
Rohit Kumar Yadav, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi.
Suresh Chandar Rai, Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Ashish Kumar Saha, Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.3

Price: 251

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Green Infrastructure Initiatives to Reduce the Impact of Motor Vehicle Exhaust on Air Quality for Sustainable Development in Patna Municipal Corporation Area: A Geospatial Study

By: Sumati Mohan

Page No : 54-77

Abstract
As Patna Municipal Corporation experiences rapid urbanisation, the demand for motor vehicles has increased, contributing to deteriorating air quality and posing significant threats to the urban ecosystem. This study examines the role of Green Infrastructure initiatives as a sustainable approach to mitigate the impact of motor vehicle exhaust on air quality. Through secondary data analysis, Geographic Information system (GIS) mapping, and a survey on public understanding, perception, and support for Green Infrastructure, the research access various Green Infrastructure strategies such as urban forests, green belts, vegetated buffer zones, and permeable surfaces – that can capture pollutants, enhanced biodiversity and regulate urban ecosystem. Findings reveal that implementing Green Infrastructure can significantly reduce the concentration of pollutants like PM2.5 and NO2, contributing to the resilience of urban ecosystems. Despite limited public awareness of Green Infrastructure’s specific benefits, survey results reveal a strong public willingness to support these initiatives, especially when their role in improving the urban ecosystem is well communicated. This paper highlights the necessity of integrating Green Infrastructure into the urban planning framework as a part of a sustainable development strategy. This research offers actionable insights for policymakers aiming to balance development pressure with environmental management, thereby promoting healthier, more sustainable urban living conditions.

Author
Sumati Mohan, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.4

Price: 251

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What’s in the Name? Questioning the Rationale for the Name Change of Bhugol and Bhugol Vibhag

By: Sarfaraz Alam , Khushaboo Yadav , Neema G. Krishna

Page No : 78-95

Abstract
The nomenclature of geography discipline and geography department has been a matter of debate among geographers. In many countries, the names of the geography discipline and geography departments have changed. The reasons for the name change are different. For some, using new terminology would help improve the image of the subject. For others, the term geography fails to connotate concepts fundamental to the field. Those who argue against change in nomenclature believe that renaming is not a substitute for high-quality geographic teaching and research. In India, The Deccan Geographical Society, India (DGSI), a well-known and influential geographical society, has appealed to change the name of the geography discipline and geography departments in Hindi and Marathi languages from Bhugol to Bhugol Shastra and from Bhugol Vibhag to Bhugol Shastra Vibhag. This article critically examines the academic rationale and appropriateness of the name change. It also seeks to scrutinise the claim of benefits that may accrue to the practice of Geography in India if the proposed names are adopted and accepted.

Authors
Sarfaraz Alam, Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Khushaboo Yadav, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Neema G. Krishna, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.5

Price: 251

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Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Analysis in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India

By: Vivek Raj Singh Chauhan , Lalit Singh Jhala

Page No : 96-111

Abstract
Land use/Land cover analysis plays a vital role in understanding the dynamics of ecosystems and their implications for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), a significant protected area in Alwar, Rajasthan, known for its rich biodiversity and as a crucial habitat for the endangered Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). The objective of this research is to analyse the spatio-temporal pattern of Land use/cover change within the STR and assess their impact on the reserve’s ecosystems. Remote sensing data, Landsat images from 2001 and 2022, have been utilised to map and quantify land use and land cover change over the past two decades. These data acquired have been processed using image classification techniques and change detection algorithms. The study reveals significant alterations in the land use and land cover pattern within the STR. Conversion of scrub forest into dense forest (7.08%), expansion of dense forest (8.37%), open forest (2.50%), fallow land (5.17%) and settlement (0.51%) have been prominently seen in 2022. The loss of forest cover (scrub forest) possesses a potential threat to the habitat suitability for the tigers and other wildlife species due to anthropogenic activities. Effective planning afforestation and reforestation by Department of forest leads to significant increase in dense forest and open forest in Talvriksh, Tehla, Ajabgarh, Akhbarpur, Bala quila ranges. Additionally, the analysis investigates the STR, considering factors such as, agricultural expansion, tourism activities and water resource management. The study shows increase in water body (0.33%) in 2022 but still a lot need to be done to conserve lakes like Mangalsar, Mansarovar, Jaisamand. The study could be useful for Eco-tourism purpose highlightingkey places in STR region which have immense tourism potential while also aiming to reduce forest resource exploitation by local communities and create employment opportunities for them.

Authors
Vivek Raj Singh Chauhan, UGC-JRF Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan).
Lalit Singh Jhala, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.6

Price: 251

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Managing Migrant Crisis Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Odisha’s Story

By: Susmita Debnath , Sibabrata Das

Page No : 112-131

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 generated a crisis that the entire globe experienced. The pandemic has impacted India’s economy and society in every possible way. During the pandemic, migrants’ issues emerged as the most pressing concern. The nationwide lockdown introduced in 2020 to stop the spread of the virus had led to a significant influx of return migrants in Odisha, one of the poorest states in India. The state experienced a crisis as a result, with an increase in infection cases, joblessness, food insecurity, and chaos among the people. Based on available secondary data from the census of India, the COVID Dashboard, and the news reports, this paper makes an attempt to study the migration pattern in Odisha, along with reviewing strategies adopted by the government in managing the return migrants in Odisha. This type of analysis is particularly pertinent when it comes to managing migrant issues in the wake of future epidemics.

Authors
Susmita Debnath, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack.
Sibabrata Das, Professor of Geography, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.7

Price: 251

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Determinants of Voting Turnout in Assembly Constituencies in Haryana: A Geographical Study

By: Krishna Mohan , Deepak Arya

Page No : 132-147

Abstract
Voting turnout is determined by numerous factors such as literacy, caste, occupation and level of urbanisation etc. However, determinants over time and space change their significance. The present paper is an attempt to find the changes in the determinants that influence the voters and impact the voter turnout. It takes into account the results of three assembly elections of Haryana i.e. 2009, 2014 and 2019. Major sources of the data are the statistical reports of the Election Commission of India and primary abstract from census of India. The census data was reorganised at assembly constituency level. The statistical methods used in the paper are standard deviation, variance, Z-score and Karl Pearson’s correlation. Maps are made to trace out the spatial patterns. We find that western, northern and central Haryana voted higher than southern and south-eastern Haryana. A surge of turnout was found in 2014 election which is associated with the change in
government. Urban populations, Literacy, household workers are found most negative determinants and agricultural labour, cultivators and scheduled caste populations are found the most positive determinants of turnout.

Author
Krishna Mohan: Professor, Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Deepak Arya: Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and Assistant Professor of Geography, Government College Nalwa, Hisar, Haryana.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.8

Price: 251

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in Kodavanar Watershed, Tamil Nadu, India

By: Thilagaraj Periasamy , Masilamani Palanisamy

Page No : 148-162

Abstract
In the present study, the Kodavanar watershed, a part of Amaravathi basin is selected as the study region to assess groundwater quality for irrigation as the study area has vast extension of agricultural land and the quality of groundwater is also showing decreasing trend with respect to time. To carry out this study, the primary data of 42 groundwater samples for the post monsoon season is collected from various locations and the parameters such as Magnesium Ratio, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Total Hardness, Soluble Sodium Percentage, Permeability Index, Total Dissolved Solids and Electrical Conductivity were selected to examine the irrigation suitability. The weighted overlay analysis has been used to derive the irrigation suitability. However, the result infers that the major portions of study area fall under marginal and unsuitable class which has to be critically monitored and managed to improve the groundwater quality for irrigation in the Kodavanar watershed.

Authors
Thilagaraj Periasamy, University Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Masilamani Palanisamy, Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.9

Price: 251

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Assessment of Drought Vulnerability using Standardised Precipitation Index and Multivariate Statistics: A Study on Lower Gangetic West Bengal, Eastern India

By: Tarun Goswami , Gopal Chowdhury , Niladri Das

Page No : 163-192

Abstract
The present work aims to measure the spatio-temporal relationship of drought occurrences through the Standardized Precipitation Index and Composite Drought Index. Precipitation data from 1960 to 2015 were used to assess the drought conditions over the region. The findings show that the southern coastal districts, Western lateritic areas of the Purulia district, and Gangetic plains in the Birbhum district depict extreme drought conditions over six months. However, the western Rarh regions observed extreme drought conditions over twelve months. Different drought parameters were used to determine the composite drought index. The spatial distribution of the combined drought index shows that the whole western Chotanagpur plateau fringe, which includes Purulia, Bankura, Birbhum, Paschim Bardhhaman, and Paschim Medinipur of Gangetic West Bengal, is the most drought-prone region. The composite drought index and parameters have also established a strong relationship. The study helps policymakers formulate suitable strategies for mitigating drought.
 

Authors
Tarun Goswami, Research Scholar, Centre for Rural Development and Innovative Sustainable Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India.
Gopal Chowdhury, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi.
Niladri Das, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Hiralal Bhakat College, Nalhati, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.10

Price: 251

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Status of Literacy in District Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh: A Geographical Analysis of Shillai Community Development Block

By: Kumari Sapna , D.D Sharma

Page No : 193-206

Abstract
Education serves as a fundamental pillar for a nation’s advancement, playing a crucial role in narrowing societal gaps and empowering women. This study examines the development of educational infrastructure in the Shillai Block of Himachal Pradesh from 2001 to 2022 using secondary data. The study assesses the availability of different levels of educational institutions and analyses the disparities in the developmental levels. The Z-score method has been used to analyse the developmental level of the educational institute at the village level. The analysis of data shows an improvement in accessibility up to middle school, while the disparity persists at other levels. It has been found that the literacy rate of the Shillai block is the lowest among all six blocks of District Sirmaur. Geographical isolation, tough terrain, inadequate infrastructure, and socioeconomic constraints create significant barriers to education in the study area. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address gaps and promote equitable access to quality education.

Authors
Kumari Sapna, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla.
D.D. Sharma, Professor, Department of Geography, Himachal University, Shimla.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.11

Price: 251

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Land Use Land Cover Change in the Sambhar Salt Lake Catchment: A 50-Year Analysis of Ramsar Site No.464 Based on Geoinformatics

By: Hemraj Choudhary , Ashutosh

Page No : 207-232

Abstract
Wetlands, like the Sambhar Salt Lake [SSL (Ramsar site no. 464)] catchment, play pivotal roles in water filtration, habitat provision, and climate regulation. However, human activities have increasingly threatened these ecosystems. This research delves into the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) transformations in the SSL catchment from 1972-2022, leveraging remote sensing and GIS. Using multi-temporal Landsat imagery, changes were tracked across four distinct intervals, subdividing the region into five LULC categories: agricultural land, vegetation, water, barren land (dry river bed), and builtup land. Findings showed a steady rise in built-up land regions, surging from 0.27% in 1972 to 12.04% in 2022. Meanwhile, agricultural land declined from 83.26% to 70.44%.Additionally, there was a marked decrease in water areas. This analysis serves as a base for devising effective land management strategies, aiding policymakers, and developers in safeguarding the SSL catchment’s ecological value.

Authors
Hemraj Choudhary, Department of Earth Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan.
Ashutosh, Department of Earth Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.01.12

Price: 251

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Jul- to Dec-2025

Patients’ Perception and Health care Accessibility of Primary Health care centre in Madurai District - A Geo-Medical Study

By: Vinothini C. , Suja Rose R.S. , Saravanabavan V

Page No : 233-249

Abstract
The promotion and protection of public health are vital for sustainable economic and social development, enhancing overall quality of life. In geographically diverse regions, distance greatly impacts healthcare accessibility, as individuals prefer facilities closer to home. This study examines the spatial distribution and accessibility of Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, focusing on how socio-economic and demographic factors influence health service utilisation and travel patterns. The objectives include analysing PHC distribution, assessing patients’ socio-economic conditions, and evaluating travel behaviours by age and sex, emphasising distance and transport modes. Data from 600 respondents were collected through stratified random sampling using structured questionnaires, supplemented by primary and secondary sources. GIS tools like overlay and buffer analysis, along with factor analysis and Z-score standardisation, were employed. Findings show that PHC location, environment, transport, and socio economic status significantly affect healthcare use. Patient perception, an under-theorised but vital factor, is central to understanding healthcare accessibility, spatial justice, and equity within health systems.

Authors:
Vinothini C.: Research Scholar (RUSA), Department of Geography, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 
Suja Rose R.S.: Assistant Professor and Head, Environmental Remote Sensing and Cartography, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, .
Saravanabavan V.: Associate Professor, Department of Geography, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.1

Price: 251

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Studying the Conservation Status of “Vedis” – The Cultural Heritage of the Holy City of Gaya, Bihar 

By: Dweepika S. Singh , Meenakshi Prasad , Fouzia Rahman

Page No : 250-268

Abstract
Sacredscapes represent landscapes imbued with religious and spiritual meaning, where natural and supernatural realms intersect through rituals and beliefs. The city of Gaya in Bihar, India, is one such sacredscape of exceptional significance in Hinduism, renowned as the most revered site for performing pind-daan—a core ritual intended to ensure the salvation of one’s ancestors. This ritual is conducted at sanctified sites known as vedis, which once numbered around 360 but have declined to 51 today. These vedis, dispersed across riverbanks, hilltops, lakes, and other landmarks, embody both tangible and intangible heritage and have been central to Gaya’s religious, cultural, and economic life for centuries. However, urbanisation, neglect, and lack of awareness now threaten their existence. This study undertakes a systematic documentation and conservation assessment of all existing vedis in and around Gaya through on-site surveys, caretaker interviews, geo-tagging, and the creation of a GIS-based spatial database. By integrating cultural heritage analysis with geospatial mapping, the research seeks to enhance visibility of lesser-known vedis, increase equitable visitor footfall, and encourage active participation from communities and government in their preservation. Findings reveal significant variation in preservation quality, influenced by factors such as size, accessibility, amenities, caretaker presence, community engagement, religious significance, and government initiatives like HRIDAY. The paper concludes with recommendations for heritage management strategies that integrate digital mapping, awareness generation, and policy support to safeguard this sacredscape for future generations.

Authors: 
Dweepika S. Singh : P.G. Dept. of Geography, Maharaja College, V.K.S.U., Ara, Bihar,
Meenakshi Prasad : P.G. Dept. of Geography, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar,:
Fouzia Rahman : P.G. Dept. of Geography, V.K.S.U., Ara, Bihar,
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.2

Price: 251

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Transforming A Vibrant Hyderabad into A Resilient Global City

By: Agha M. A. Siddiqui

Page No : 269-285

Abstract
Cities are centres of innovation and business. They are categorised by their role at the regional level/ global stage. Global cities enjoy a significant advantage over other cities and are recognised as major hubs within the world economic system. In the post COVID-19 scenario, the more resilient cities have managed to retain their ranking.

Indian cities are destined to host a major chunk of the urban population; they must sustain their growth to yield a quality of living in the long term. Given its potential, Hyderabad may be transformed into a global city with investments in key areas. The solutions rest in the ability of a city to create a sound economic base, augment infrastructure, create a business environment, attract investments, and foster meaningful linkages with the rest of the world. There is a need to take up the implementation of quality visible projects on a priority basis towards transforming Hyderabad into a global city.

Author
Agha M. A. Siddiqui : Consultant, Urban Planning, & Fellow, Institute of Town Planners
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.3

Price: 251

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Imphal City and Its Surrounding Areas in Manipur: An Urban Sprawl Appraisal

By: Irom Luckychand Meitei , Yambem Imo Singh , Luckyson R. Panmei , Ngasepam Pikeshwor Singh , Rajkumar Shakhensana Singh , Moirangthem Sukanta Singh , Ekta Raman , Tongbram Neha , Piyush Gupta

Page No : 286-304

Abstract
The study analyses urban sprawl at the regional scale over three decades, using Landsat images and image enhancement techniques. It has classified images into five land use categories and used indices to understand the region’s complexity and structure. It is found that a significant increase in built-up areas in the southern part of the study area leads to a decline in vegetation and agricultural land. This highlights the need for sustainable urban planning and management. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and land use planners to develop effective strategies to manage the negative effects of urban sprawl.

Authors:
Irom Luckychand Meitei : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Dhanamanjuri University and Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Nambol L. Sanoi College, Manipur University.
Dr Yambem Imo Singh : Professor, Department of Geography, D. M. College of Arts, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal
Luckyson R. Panmei : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, D. M. College of Arts, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal
Dr Ngasepam Pikeshwor Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, D. M. College of Arts, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal.
Rajkumar Shakhensana Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, D. M. College of Arts, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal.
Moirangthem Sukanta Singh : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Manipur University.
Ekta Raman : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College for Women(Girls), University of Delhi.
Tongbram Neha : MA Student, Department of Geography, D. M. College of Arts, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal.
Piyush Gupta : Research Scholar, Institute of Earth Science, Bundelkhand University.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.4

Price: 251

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Analyzing Social Crime Patterns in Manipur Central Valley: A Spatio-Factorial Perspective

By: Khwairakpam Shreeraj Singh

Page No : 305-326

Abstract
The spatial structure of deviant behaviours (Social Crime) in the Manipur Central Valley reveals deeply embedded patterns of social tension and conflict, reflected in the inter correlation of certain crimes, a high positive correlation was found between Attempt to Commit Murder and Theft (r=0.99), as well as between Rape and Robbery (r=0.97). This research paper aims to investigate the correlation between the social crime variables (deviant) and find out which impact the overall crime in the regions. Utilise factor analysis to identify and interpret distinct patterns of social crime in Manipur Central Valley. Lastly, examine the temporal shift in the deviant behaviour in the Valley. The database is drawn from reliable secondary sources such as National Crime Report Bureau (NCRB) and Valley Police Station, with detail crime figure by district levels. The social crime variable for the study include: Murder=X1, Culpable homicide not amounting for murder=X2, Attempt to commit murder=X3, Rape =X4, Kidnap and Abduction=X5, Dacoity=X6, Preparation and Assemble for Dacoity=X7, Robbery=X8, Burglary=X9 and Theft=X10. The deviant data is Quantitative analysed using Pearson’s correlation methods and Principal component (Factor Analysis). Spatial Patterns of Social crime reveals, three distinct factors: Anomie Violence, Marginalised Deviance, and Economic Strain Deviance. The First Component (Anomie Violence) includes Robbery, Theft, Attempt to commit murder, Rape, and Kidnapping & Abduction, indicating crimes linked to social breakdown, Imphal East and Imphal West had the highest score. The Second Component (Marginalised Deviance), dominated by Murder and Culpable homicide, reflects targeted violence, with Thoubal (including Kakching) and Bishnupur scoring highest. The Third Component (Economic Strain Deviance) includes Burglary, Kidnapping & Abduction and Murder, suggesting crimes driven by economic hardship, with Thoubal (including Kakching) having the highest score. Addressing Social crime requires a multifaceted approach, that encompasses social, economic, and community-based interventions.

Author
Khwairakpam Shreeraj Singh : Ph.D. Research Scholar (ICSSR Doctoral Fellow); Bir Tikendrajit University, Manipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.5

Price: 251

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Multidimensional Poverty in Slums of Varanasi City: Decomposing MPI by Zones and Indicators

By: Darshan Kumar Jha , Vinod Kumar Tripathi

Page No : 327-343

Abstract
Traditionally, urban poverty was often seen through a narrow lens, primarily focusing on income or consumption levels. However, it is now recognised as a multifaceted issue, encompassing various dimensions of deprivation, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is now a preferred tool for assessing poverty in urban areas. The paper challenges the concept of slum populations being a uniformly impoverished group in urban centres. It aims to calculate the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) specific to slum dwellers in Varanasi City, along the lines of the global MPI. Through inter-zonal and intra-zonal analyses, the study uncovers disparities in deprivation levels among different geographical zones and within various slums. Additionally, it validates MPI results by breaking them down into indicators and zones. The article also presents the relative importance of indicators in multiple deprivation measurements, which will be helpful for policymakers and planners.

Authors
Darshan Kumar Jha: Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Jagat Taran Girls’ Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P.,
Vinod Kumar Tripathi: Professor and Head, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.6

Price: 251

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Impact of Climate Change and Vulnerabilities among Elderly Women: A Critical Review of Assam, North-East India

By: Manaswita Dutta , Nandini C. Singh , Dipak Sharma

Page No : 344-355

Abstract
In recent years, climate change has emerged as the most impressive challenge worldwide, generating food shortages and hunger as a persistent threat to survival for millions and stands as a collective burden transcending political and social boundaries of nations. Changing rainfall patterns, rapidly rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and erratic seasons are issues that intensify concerns globally as these phenomena are not restricted to any nation, region, state, or within limited political boundaries. What makes it more imbalanced is the disparity in the implementation of policy measures and affordability to mitigate the impact caused by these phenomena across the nations of the world. While the developed countries, through various technologies and infrastructural development, are equipped to face the resultant vulnerability, the developing countries, lacking these facilities on a proper scale, continue to be most affected by the consequences of a changing climate and associated disasters. The sphere of challenges includes not only the environmental facets but also the socioeconomic factors that determine the capacity to face and manage the consequential situation. Thus, it becomes obvious that climate change poses a fundamental threat to places, species, and people’s livelihoods. However, what makes it more hazardous is the fact that the climate crisis is not “gender neutral”, and given the nature of life and livelihood of the women, particularly in rural societies, the impact of climate change exceeds worldwide among women, thereby intensifying already existing inequalities and posing more difficult conditions for their health and safety. However, what draws attention is the fact that these survival conditions become more intense in the cases of elderly women who become more affected as they have unequal capabilities and opportunities for adjustments in comparison to the younger age groups, which eventually renders them as more vulnerable to the regional and global environmental crisis manifested in the form of various issues related to health, dependability, disabilities, and poverty. Further, their limitations in owning economic resources and feeble participation in the decision-making process make the conditions more restrictive. The present paper is an attempt to assess these issues that predominate the life of elderly women with special reference to Assam.

Authors
Manaswita Dutta: Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Arunachal Pradesh.
Nandini C. Singh: Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Arunachal Pradesh.
Dipak Sharma: Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Arunachal Pradesh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.7

Price: 251

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Out-Migration from Telangana: A Case Study of Ranga Reddy District

By: D. Krishna Naik , V. Karunakar , L. Ashok Kumar

Page No : 356-366

Abstract
Migration is a form of spatial mobility of population between one geographical unit and another involving a permanent change of residence. The Census of India determines migration by place of birth or residence. If a person was born at a place other than the place of enumeration, then he is treated as a migrant. Ranga Reddy district of Telangana is witnessing migration. Some families who are economically backward they shifted to the urban areas due to drought, no crops, and insufficient work in the villages, hence they have shifted to urban cities to get employment and their livelihood. The present study focused on to find the, what are the economic factors responsible for the migration of selected village respondents of the Rangareddy district. The study revealed that major economic factors of migration are unemployment and is followed by Interest burden from private persons.

Authors
D. Krishna Naik: Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
V. Karunakar: Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad.
L. Ashok Kumar: Professor & Head, Dept. of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.8

Price: 251

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Understanding the Dynamics of Asian Migration in India: Exploring Trends, Patterns, Causes and Duration of Stay Periods

By: Sanjay Kumar , Vinay Kumar , Ayush Tiwari , Amit Kumar

Page No : 367-382

Abstract
Global migration trends are reshaping the demographic landscape of the world. Asia is a centre for migration, with a variety of flows. Migration has an effect on the socio economic dynamics of India as well as the world. This study examines in detail about patterns of migration inside India from different parts of Asia, including the reasons for the movements, the duration of stays, and the implications of these patterns. The study used a quantitative approach and aims to offer thorough insights into the complex nature of this phenomenon by closely explaining migration statistics (such as by using the required data from different sources over different time periods). As for the (Census of India, 1991-2011), there is a continuous decline in the number of migrants coming to India from Asian countries, with a sharp decline in the migration of men compared to women. The people who migrate from Asian countries to India, most of them are those who have migrated 10 years or more. Since 1991. There has been a positive growth in migration for work, business, education and moving with household, while there has been a decline in migration for other purposes.

Authors
Sanjay Kumar: Assistant Professor, Banaras Hindu University (Geography Section, MMV), Varanasi.
Vinay Kumar: Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Ayush Tiwari: Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Amit Kumar: Assistant Professor, HoD of Department of Geography, Munger University, Bihar.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.9

Price: 251

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Female Work Participation in Himachal Pradesh: A Tehsil Level Study

By: Anil Kumar , B.R. Thakur , Puran Chand , Dimple Kumari

Page No : 383-405

Abstract Women constitute about half of the population in the state of Himachal Pradesh, so their participation in the economic activities plays an important role in the development of the economy of the state. Participation of females in economic activities is a positive sign for the progress of society. This study attempts to study the trends in female work participation and gender disparity at the tehsil level in Himachal Pradesh using the Census of India data. This study analyses the data at the interval of 20 years to examine the trends in female work participation and gender disparity at the tehsil level in Himachal Pradesh for the 1971, 1991, and 2011 Census years. To find out the gender disparity in work participation, Sopher’s Disparity Index has been used. The findings of female work participation and gender disparity in the study area have been portrayed through maps and tables. The study exhibits that the female work participation rate at the state level has shown an increasing trend. In 1971, it was about 21% which increased to 34.82% in 1991 and 44.82% in 2011. The study reveals that there were about 34% of the tehsils had more than 40% females enumerated as workers. The study observed a decline in gender disparity in work participation at the state level. In 1971, it was 0.49% in 1991 it decreased to 0.21% and further to 0.16% in 2011, indicating the improving status of females in the state. The decline of gender disparity may be attributed to rising literacy and, consequently share of females in service sectors. Secondly, the shift of male cultivators to other worker categories has also been the reason for the increase in female workers as cultivators.

Authors
Anil Kumar: M.Phil Student, Department of Geography, HPU Shimla.
B.R. Thakur: Associate Professor, Deptt. Of Geography HPU Shimla.
Puran Chand: ICCSR Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Geography, HPU Shimla.
Dimple Kumari: Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, HPU Shimla
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.10

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Demographical Dynamics in Manipur State: An Insight into the Ethnic Conflict

By: Kuntal Kanti Chattoraj

Page No : 406-421

Abstract
This study explores the embryonic demographic landscape of Manipur and its complicated link to the unending ethno-political conflict, with a special focus on the 2023 violence between the Kuki and Meitei communities. Drawing on census data from 1991 to 2011 and secondary sources, the research analyses patterns of ethnic distribution and their change over time, region-based tribal and non-tribal dominance, and migration-induced demographic shifts across key districts. The paper categorises Manipur’s population into three major ethnic groups - Meitei, Naga, and Kuki-Chin-Mizo - while also identifying an intermediate group with overlapping affiliations. The geographic concentration of tribes in the five hill districts and Meitei dominance in four districts in the central Imphal valley, which is only 10 % of the land area of Manipur State, compounded by asymmetrical land ownership rights, religious distinctions, and political empowerment, have contributed to escalating tensions. The role of post-independence insurgencies, refugee infiltration, and poppy cultivation further aggravates the region’s instability. The study argues that the 2023 conflict is not an isolated incident, but rather a culmination of demographic imbalances, political marginalisation, and ethnic assertions. It concludes with policy recommendations for inclusive governance, equitable land reforms, and inter-ethnic reconciliation to restore peace and harmony in this geopolitically sensitive border state.

Author
Kuntal Kanti Chattoraj: Associate professor, Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.11

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Geography’s Contributions to Evaluation in International Development and Environment

By: Anupam Anand

Page No : 422-438

Abstract
As international development and environmental initiatives increasingly encounter intricate socio-ecological issues, the field of evaluation must evolve commensurately. Geography, as a multidisciplinary field bridging the natural and social sciences, provides evaluative frameworks characterised by spatial sensitivity, methodological diversity, and theoretical depth. This paper examines the contributions of geographic concepts, methodologies, and theoretical constructs to evaluation practices within development and environmental programs. Utilising illustrations from diverse sectors, including conservation, disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, rural development, and urban planning; it demonstrates how geographic expertise enhances evaluation through techniques such as spatial analysis, place-based contextualisation, participatory mapping, systems thinking, and a focus on power dynamics and equity. The paper concludes by identifying potential avenues and existing challenges for the more comprehensive integration of geographical approaches into the evaluation protocols of global development institutions.

Author
Anupam Anand: Senior Evaluation Officer, GEF IEO, World Bank Group, Washington, DC.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2025.45.02.12

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Obituary
Professor K.R. Dikshit

By: .

Page No : 439-442

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Jan- to Jun-2024

Urban River Restoration in India: The Challenges Ahead

By: Srikumar Chattopadhyay

Page No : 1-18

Abstract
Urban river restoration is gaining significance as most of the river segments flowing through the urban areas are morphologically imbalanced, and ecologically dysfunctional due to intense human pressure, and consequent highly modified environment. Analysing six case studies covering the cities of Ahmedabad, Alappuzha, Madurai, Nagpur, Pune, and Thiruvananthapuram, this study brings out that the river segments draining all these cities are highly impaired. Restoration plans are being drawn in all six cases. Only, the city of Ahmedabad has executed the Sabarmati project, however, it is mainly a stand alone riverfront development initiative. The other five cities are yet to take up restoration activities apart from some piecemeal attempts. The approach followed in the case of Alappuzha differs perceptibly from other cities and provides some important lessons. This paper argues that the urban river restoration programme should be positioned in a larger frame of urban water management, and the urban water governance should be designed following a co-evolutionary approach. The thrust is on endogenous development and building synergy by integrating catchment-level and local-level activities. The present rural-urban dichotomy has to yield to rural-urban symbiosis. Stakeholders’ participation is one of the key components of water governance and river restoration projects as advocated globally. It is important to forge partnerships, social auditing of the project, and create and nurture a healthy river environment to maintain the quality of urban life. Geographers may consider some of these topics for their research.

Author :
Srikumar Chattopadhyay : (Retd.) Scientist, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.1

Price: 251

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Coastal Regulation Zone and Human Intervention: A Case Study of Salcete Taluka, Goa, India

By: Tanvi Deshpande , Sudhakar Pardeshi

Page No : 19-29

Abstract
Coasts are the zone of various importance both naturally and economically. Goa is a famous tourist destination where most of the tourism is concentrated in the coastal areas. Though, it has economically benefited State’s economy but on the other hand, has given rise to haphazardous development within the coastal regulation zone which is threatening the fragile coastal ecosystem. The present study has attempted to highlight the human intervention along the coastal zone of Salcete taluka in South district of Goa. To study the human interference along the coast, two methods were implemented: i) sand dune profiling using dumpy level and ii) shoreline change analysis in Arc GIS software. About 14.65 km length of the shoreline of Salcete taluka shows accretion at Utorda, patches between Betalbatim and Colva, Sernabatim and Benaulim, Mobor and Betul. While 12.35 km length of the shoreline shows erosion along the beaches of Betalbatim, Colva, Benaulim, Varca and Cavelossim. Erosion might be associated with the interference of human in form of tourism and other activities taking place along the beach. The overall study stresses upon the problems due to human intervention and urgent need to formulate rules and policies to regulate, prevent and restore the fragile coastal ecosystem from further devastation.

Authors :
Tanvi Deshpande : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Khandola, Goa, India.
Sudhakar Pardeshi : Professor, Department of Geography, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.2

Price: 251

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Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Housemaids: A Case Study of Pune Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra

By: Virendra Nagarale , Piyush Telang

Page No : 30-48

Abstract
The world economy was paralysed due to the widespread transmission of Covid-19. The employment scenario had also changed considerably of all types of workers. Employees everywhere reported myriad pandemic-related challenges from lack of advancement opportunities and delayed growth to loss of jobs, all on top of serious physical and mental health concerns. Women in emerging economies are struggling even more, reporting greater challenges and feeling them more acutely than workers in developed economies. Of the total informal sector workers in India, 69.2 % female workers are involved in informal sector including rural and urban meaning that, the majority are those who have no safety net to fall back on (Periodic Labour Force Survey [PLFS], 2021). Several studies have evaluated the impact of Covid-19 on the domestic workers, their mental status, accessibility to the basic services, social relations and economic status on the greater regional level. The present study seeks to analyse and assess the economic impact that the pandemic and the subsequent lockdown had on women domestic workers or housemaids. It also provides an insight to their changed economic situation once the lockdown was lifted. The results of this study show that, more than 50% of the females were employed in the domestic works from last 10 years of which about 70% of the total respondents were working in the multiple households. The monthly income of these workers was below Five Thousand and most of the respondents have no other sources of income to support their families. The present study highlights the significant changes that have occurred to the paid and unpaid work situations of housemaids and discuss the coping mechanisms that can be adopted to deal with such pandemic situations.

Authors :
Virendra Nagarale : Senior Professor, Dept. of Geography, SNDT Women’s University, Pune, Campus, Karve Road, Pune.
Piyush Telang : Research Associate, ICSSR MRP, Dept. of Geography, SNDT Women’s, University, Pune Campus.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.3

Price: 251

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Change in Dominant and Deficient Functions of Rural Working Population in Punjab-Haryana Plain:A Tehsil Level Analysis

By: Ashu Rani , K.V. Chamar

Page No : 49-79

Abstract
The present research work is an attempt to analyze the change in dominant and deficient functions of the rural working population in Punjab-Haryana Plain. The village-level census data of 2001 and 2011 has been used to find out the change in dominant and deficient functions at tehsil level. The tehsil boundary of 2001 has been rearranged according to the tehsil boundary of 2011. The number of tehsils in 2001 was 139 which increased to 151 in 2011. The rural work participation rate has decreased from 41.16 percent (128.11 lakhs) to 35.99 percent (121.82 lakhs) during the period. Agricultural labourers, workers engaged in household industries, and other workers have increased by 3.21 percent, 0.21 percent, and 0.47 percent respectively while cultivators have decreased by 3.90 percent. To find out the dominant and deficient working force in a tehsil, the ‘z score’ technique has been used. Further, dominant and deficient functions of 2001 and 2011 in all the 151 tehsils have been classified into 24 and 26 subcategories including the category of normal functions. It has been recorded that 28 tehsils of 2001 and 27 tehsils of 2011 have dominant functions while 19 tehsils of 2001 and 15 tehsils of 2011 have deficient functions in all the four board categories (cultivators, agricultural labourers, workers engaged in household industries, and other workers). Maximum positive change is recorded in five tehsils in the category of dominant in other workers, deficient in cultivators and agricultural labourers (Dab) while a maximum negative change is observed in seven tehsils in the category of deficient in workers engaged in household industries (c) only. However, about one-third tehsils of the study area have no change in any category of functions from 2001 to 2011.

Authors :
Ashu Rani : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Government College, Baund Kalan, District Ch. Dadri, Haryana.
K. V. Chamar : Formerly Professor & Ex-HOD, Department of Geography, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.4

Price: 251

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Assessing the Growth Condition of an Indian Steel City, Durgapur

By: Parikhit Biswas , Jayita Guha Niyogi

Page No : 80-90

Abstract
Urban centres are one of the largest contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India grows due to multiple reasons, including population growth, increase in human capital, change in economic profile, revenue collection, etc. Durgapur, a typical Indian steel city, holds an important position as a major urban centre in West Bengal after Kolkata. The study is aimed to find the growth condition of the city. Population, workforce participation ratio, city infrastructure, and revenue collection are some of the indicators which suggest that the city is growing like any other urban centre in India at its rate. Transformation in the industrial nature of Durgapur indicates that the economic profile of the city is shifting from the steel industry to the tertiary sector. Despite being on the track of development as any other Indian city, a range of industries were closed in recent history. With closed industries, the civic facilities and their industrial lands are not being used properly anymore. Infrastructural facilities and other city amenities of SAIL, MAMC, HFCL, and industrial institutions are primarily affected. The economic health of these industries and their willingness to maintain the amenities and civic facilities are the main reasons behind this degradation. City development authority needs to formulate a strong economic strategy to counter the degradation.

Authors :
Parikhit Biswas : Research Scholar, Department of Architecture, Jadavpur University, Kolkata
Jayita Guha Niyogi : Department of Architecture, Jadavpur University, Kolkata
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.5

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Health and Environmental Effects of Residents Living Close to Open Waste Collection Centres of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh

By: Subhojit Let , Seema Tiwari

Page No : 91-102

Abstract
The disposal of solid wastes in open areas has a detrimental effect on the health of local citizens. The study was conducted to assess the effect of open solid waste collection centres on nearby people’s health. A chi-square test was performed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study selected 400 individuals, using stratified random sampling. The findings indicate that 71.5% of participants experienced a strong unpleasant smell emanating from these centres, while 20.6% reported significant health issues such as skin infections, malaria, chest problems, and typhoid. The study also revealed that the farther people lived from collection centres, the lesser the impact on their health. Sustainable waste management and adequate waste collection planning are required to reduce the effects of waste collection centres on the surrounding environment and people’s health.

Authors :
Subhojit Let : Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Seema Tiwari : Geography Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.6

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Regional Disparities of Human Resource Development in the Naxal Affected District of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India

By: Ankit Pandey , Nitin Kumar Mishra

Page No : 103-116

Abstract
Human resources play a very significant role in the socio-economic and regional development of any region or country. Human resource development is the process of improving people’s knowledge, skills, and abilities. It represents the quality and quantity of humans who can use their skills to create more resources for mankind and remove regional imbalances. Regional imbalance is one of the major problems of the country which creates many socio-economic and political problems. The government of India has launched many socio-economic developmental programs to reduce the regional development disparities and speed up the development process but its impact could not be effective in the whole part of the country due to its physio-climatic, socio-economic, infrastructural, and political conditions. Mirzapur is one of the problematic backward districts of Uttar Pradesh that has been facing the Naxal movement for a long time due to poverty, unemployment, lack of education, awareness, and government policies. Therefore, to prevent Naxalism there is a need to increase infrastructural facilities like health, education, electricity, banking, finance, industries, etc. It is a very important factor that helps in the growth of regional development. This present paper is an attempt to analyze the spatial variation of regional development through human resource development at the block level of the Mirzapur

Authors :
Ankit Pandey : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Nitin Kumar Mishra : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.7

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Residential Site Suitability Modelling Using GIS With Integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process in Galle Municipal Council

By: WMDC Wijesinghe

Page No : 117-133

Abstract
Urbanisation today is a continuous process that results in people being attracted to urban areas for a better lifestyle. Therefore, the demand for residential land in urban areas is prominent. Especially in Sri Lanka, many problems related to infrastructure, social, economic, and environmental aspects have arisen due to not adopting the most effective measures in the creation of planned cities. The objective of this study is to develop a Geographical Information System based model to assess suitable areas for residential land development within the Galle Municipal Council area. GIS-AHP is the most effective tool in the analysis of spatial data in the study and it provides a clear approach to multi-criteria evaluation and suitability analysis. Suitability analysis was done under five main steps which included Selection, Scoring, Weighting using AHP, and Creation of a Suitability Map and GIS Model. These methods have become the most prominent system in the global spatial decision-making and decision-making process. MCDA is a general procedure for comparing and evaluating any criteria used. The study results have been shown that 0.33 Km2 of the total land area was found as highly suitable areas and 0.49 Km2 as not suitable areas. Almost half of the total area is moderately suitable areas which are 6.80 Km2. By weighting the criteria and with the help of GIS models, it can be revealed that 3.06 Km2 of land in the entire study area is highly suitable for the development of residential areas. It was assessed to what extent the contributions of the selected criteria are useful in identifying suitable areas for residential land development in the Galle Municipal Council area. The findings of this study will be useful not only to prospective residents but also to many stakeholders involved in real estate development and commercial activities. Not only that, such a methodology has a high potential to be adopted in other areas of Sri Lanka and will be a more effective and useful guide for city planners, decision-makers, and architects for future planning.

Author :
WMDC Wijesinghe : Department of Geography, University of Ruhuna, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.8

Price: 251

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Perspectives on Enlisting Gambhira, as an Intangible Cultural Heritage

By: Prasenjit Kumar Mandal , Premangshu Chakrabarty , Barnali Das

Page No : 134-154

Abstract
Among the festivities of rural Bengal, Gambhira of Malda district in West Bengal of India deserves special attention because of its potential to be included in the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO. Gambhira festivities that provide amusements for village folk have their origin in the country of the Pundra, i.e., North Bengal, where Jain culture flourished after the visit of Parshwanath, the 23rd of the 24 Jinas of Jainism in the 8th Century B.C. The country was later invaded by Tantric Buddhism, during which mask dance was introduced. Most of the rituals were, however, developed by the influence of Shaivism. Under the fold of Hinduism in subsequent years, Shiva bears the character of Jina and Buddha together. Gambhira has gradually flourished as a festival of settled agriculturists stimulated by folk literature and art; thereby evolving as an outstanding Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). This paper is an attempt to examine the nature of the uniqueness of Gambhira festivities to focus on its potential to boost cultural tourism along with addressing the challenges that expose it to the threat of extinction. The method applied for analysis is quasi-quantitative. The discussion reveals the necessity of a top down approach in its conservation planning while promoting it in the cultural tourism market.

Authors :
Prasenjit Kumar Mandal : Assistant Professor of Geography, Dumkal College, University of Kalyani, 742403, West Bengal, India.
Premangshu Chakrabarty : Professor of Geography, Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
Barnali Das : Assistant Professor of Geography, Kalyani Mahavidhyalaya, University of Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.9

Price: 251

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The Interrelationship between Groundwater Potential and Urban Spatial Growth in the Upper Bagmati Watershed of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

By: Shobha Shrestha , Prem Sagar Chapagain , Kedar Dahal

Page No : 155-172

Abstract
Groundwater extraction for household and industrial use is proliferating with rapid urbanisation in the upper Bagmati watershed area of Kathmandu Valley. As such, urban water management in Kathmandu Valley raises questions and challenges to fulfill future demand, in achieving sustainable development goals and points toward the need for an examination of the interrelationship between urban growth and water recharge potential. This paper examines the interplay between spatial dynamics of urban growth and the water recharge potential using spatial analysis tools like GIS and remoting sensing. Groundwater recharge potential mapping was done using a weighted overlay analysis method using nine controlling factors and urban built-up modeling was carried out for the year 2031 using the Cellular Automata, CA-Markov model. A reconnaissance survey, field observation, KII, and informal discussions were also carried out for field verification and other information collection. The study found that around thirteen percent of the valley floor area has high groundwater recharge potential and is largely confined to the northwestern, western, and southwestern parts of the Valley. The spatial pattern of built up growth exhibits radial around the road network and expansion is in northern and western parts between 2011 and 2016 whereas it is linear in southern and eastern parts and most dominant along the major road network. between 2016 and 2021, the growth is extensive towards the southern-western, southern, and eastern parts of the Valley. Built up growth between 2011 and 2016 depicts an interesting trend of urban expansion toward relatively high groundwater recharge potential and a safe groundwater extraction zone. Conversely, built-up growth between 2016 and 2021 is dominant growth in the southern and southeastern parts which are moderate to low recharge potential and critical zone for groundwater extraction. Though groundwater extraction and use guidelines are in place, monitoring and implementation of regulation are hindered by intensifying built up growth, particularly towards low recharge potential and critical extraction zones confronting protective resource management and sustainability of existing resources and their potential.

Authors :
Shobha Shrestha ,Prem Sagar Chapagain And Kedar Dahal   
Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.10

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Impact of Opencast Coal Mining on Surface Topography in Salanpur Block, District Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal

By: Sangita Mahata , Vishwambhar Nath Sharma

Page No : 173-191

Abstract
The study is aimed at understanding the extent of topographic deformation due to opencast coal mining projects in Salanpur Blocks, District Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, and suggests mitigation measures. Five major opencast mining projects namely Bonjemehari, Dabor, Sangramgarh, Mohanpur, and Dalmiya are covered in the case study. These coal mines featured large opencast quarries and associated spoil dump ridges. These coal mines have defaced the surface topography as the surface area covered by positive topography (spoil dump ridges) is less than the negative topography (opencast quarries). This paper shows that the deformation of surface topography is by far the most significant impact of mining among the various geo-environmental impacts. Land is our most important natural resource that needs to be tended carefully and requires proper conservation measures. In this study, various sources of secondary data and Primary data have been used to find out the extent of topographic deformation. The authors have used Remote sensing/Geographic Information System techniques for analyzing and interpreting Satellite data. The study suggests suitable mining dumping sites depending on multi-criteria analysis for disposal of mining spoil rather than dumping the material elsewhere.
 

Authors :
Sangita Mahata : Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) Geography, P.M. Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh
Vishwambhar Nath Sharma : Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, B.H.U. Varanasi
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.11

Price: 251

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Analysing the Precipitation Concentration of the Highland and Lowland Zones of Ri Bhoi District, Meghalaya

By: Subrata Purkayastha , Andy T.G Lyngdoh

Page No : 192-210

Abstract
Climate change is a pressing issue that requires attention from the scientific community, policymakers, and citizens to adapt to and develop effective mitigation measures. This necessitates conducting micro-level research on climatic elements to develop strategies for preventing disasters. In this context, the present paper attempts to analyze the precipitation concentration of rainfall with the help of the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and find out the trend and magnitude of the precipitation concentration using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimate from 2000 to 2019 in the two altitudinal zones of Ri Bhoi District, located on the northern slopes of the Meghalaya plateau. It is interesting to note that the southern slopes of the Meghalaya plateau record the highest precipitation in the world, and various scientific studies have been conducted, but the northern slopes have not reported much micro-level study on various climatic elements; hence, this paper uses the monthly rainfall data collected from the Indian Meteorological Department and the Department of Agriculture, Government of Meghalaya, from Umiam and Umsning, located in the Highland zone, and Nongpoh and Byrnihat, representing the Lowland zone. The annual PCI score suggests an increasing trend at a rate of 0.009 and 0.118 mm per year in the Highland and Lowland zone respectively, indicating an irregular precipitation distribution.

Authors :
Subrata Purkayastha : Associate Professor, Department of Geography, North Eastern Hill University.
Andy T.G Lyngdoh : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, North Eastern Hill University.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.12

Price: 251

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Mapping Employment Status of Women in Labour Market: A Case Study of Haryana (1993-94 to 2017-18)

By: Rajeshwari , Himanshi

Page No : 211-230

Abstract
Women employment in India neither resonate with economic growth and nor with their rising educational levels. Women work participation (WWPR) rather is on a consistent decline and this is observed more strikingly in its rural areas. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of 2017-18, shows only 16.5 per cent women are engaged in the workforce at the National level which is in stark contrast to their male counterparts (52.1 per cent). The declining WWPR has also impacted women’s employment composition. The present paper attempts to study the level of women work participation and their status of employment along with industry sections at national level and in state of Haryana in particular. The study is based on various rounds of Employment Unemployment Survey, conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The result shows that women work participation in the state of Haryana is very low (9.5 per cent, PLFS, 2017-18). The employment status of women has also undergone change with decline in self- employment over a period of 3 decades. The rise in casual labour employment status of rural women is a cause of concern. In urban areas, the decline in self-employment is coupled with fluctuations in regular and casual work, reflecting a complex interplay between job availability and women’s economic roles. The spatial variations and underlying causes have also been discussed for 2017-18.

Authors :
Rajeshwari : Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
Himanshi : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.01.13

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Book Review
MOBILITIES IN INDIA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SUBURBAN RAIL COMMUTING
 

By: ..

Page No : 231-234

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Jul- to Dec-2024

Enhancing Cyclone Resilience in Odisha: Integrated Structural and Non-Structural Mitigation Measures

By: Pratibha Tomar , Kalpana Bhakuni , Praveen Kumar Pathak

Page No : 235-252

Abstract
India’s coastal states are particularly susceptible to tropical cyclones, frequently occurring and directly impacting human life and property. According to the National Cyclone Risk Management Project (NCRMP), managing cyclones in India’s coastal states consumes nearly 2% of India’s GDP and 12% of federal government revenue. Areas of the country vulnerable to cyclones are home to more than 37 million people. When compared to other regions of the world, the Bay of Bengal exhibits the highest number of cyclone formations, indicating that it is a region that is very prone to cyclone occurrences. Nearly 20% of all major cyclones that struck India’s east coast made landfall in Odisha, mainly from April to May and September to November. The State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA) reports that in the previous 20 years, Odisha has experienced ten cyclones. A powerful cyclone hits the coast of Odisha around every two to three decades. This study will examine various structural and nonstructural mitigation strategies that mitigate and prevent tropical cyclones’ effects in the Odisha region. This study intends to develop a comprehensive framework for cyclone mitigation in the coastal state of Odisha, India, by integrating structural and non-structural measures to enhance resilience and reduce cyclone-related risks. 

Authors:
Pratibha Tomar : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India. 
Kalpana Bhakuni : Professor, Department of Geography, Kamla Nehru College, University of Delhi, India. 
Praveen Kumar Pathak : Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India. 

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.1

Price: 251

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Typology of Gated Neighbourhoods: A Case Study of Kolkata

By: Sujay Sarkar , Lakshmi Sivaramakrishnan

Page No : 253-269

Abstract
The proliferation of gated communities in Kolkata transpired in the era of globalization. These residential enclaves are designed to fulfill the need for housing that provides modern conveniences and maintains a high standard of quality. In the preceding twenty years, a considerable number of gated residential communities have emerged within the city of Kolkata. The present study used GPS survey techniques to identify the locations of gated communities throughout the city of Kolkata. The study aims to examine the various typologies of gated communities in the city of Kolkata. It offers a complete analysis of the unique characteristics displayed by gated communities in Kolkata. The shift from government-owned gated complexes to privately-owned gated communities may be readily noticed in Kolkata. This study involved the classification of gated communities based on their evolution, total number of residential units, areal size of the community, and nature of enclosure. 

Authors:
Sujay Sarkar : UGC-Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, India. 
Lakshmi Sivaramakrishnan : Professor, Department of Geography, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.2

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The State of Gender Inequality in India: A Comprehensive Analysis

By: Suman Singh , Sumedha

Page No : 270-289

Abstract
Gender Inequality in India varies from one region to another due to various socioeconomic, cultural, political and economic factors which provide it a geographical dimension. Current Indian literature on this dimension has some major gaps: (1) a comprehensive inter-dependence analysis of the latest gender inequality indicator data (after 2016) is lacking; (2) in conventional studies, inclusive analysis of indicators like child sex ratio, literacy rate and educational attainment, life expectancy , political and workforce participation is insufficient; and (3) an elaborate state/union territory (UT)wise study that considers all indicators mentioned in the previous point is inadequate. Further, most of the studies deal with variables of gender inequality separately. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by presenting a detailed state/UT-wise analysis of various indicators of gender inequality, including child sex ratio, life expectancy, literacy and attainment of education and participation in the workforce and politics. Data for these analyses are obtained from published secondary sources. Additionally, the relationship among the explored indicators for states/UTs has been examined through multiple correlations. Overall, the present study suggests that we must devise state/UTspecific policies to achieve women empowerment and gender parity because regionally varying socioeconomic, health-related and politico-cultural factors affect the state/UTwise gender inequality indicators and their interdependence. 

Authors:
Dr. Suman Singh : Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 
Sumedha : UGC-SRF, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.3

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Educational Disparities among Selected Villages in the North Kashmir Region of India

By: Amarjeet Singh , Rayees Ahmed , Pervez Ahmad , Harmeet Singh

Page No : 290-306

Abstract
Education serves as a fundamental cornerstone for both progress and empowerment. Having a comprehensive understanding of the state of education within this region is imperative for making well-informed policies that contribute to long-term advancement. This research investigates the educational achievement levels in the north Kashmir area during the 2021-22 time period. The study relies on primary data gathered through village-level surveys, employing the Stratified random sampling technique. To assess educational progress, both the percentage method and the Z-test were employed. The study highlights that educational attainment within North Kashmir exhibits disparities at the village level, primarily stemming from variations in educational infrastructure and overall development. The union territories enjoy superior access to educational institutions, higher gross enrolment ratios, urbanization rates, and reduced poverty levels, resulting in better educational achievement. The findings of this study provide a nuanced understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with educational attainment in the villages of north Kashmir. This knowledge can be harnessed by policymakers, educators, and development experts to formulate targeted interventions tailored to the unique requirements of these communities. The ultimate objective is to ensure inclusive and equitable education for all individuals in this culturally diverse and strategically significant region. 
 

Authors:
Amarjeet Singh, Rayees Ahmed, Pervez Ahmed And  Harmeet Singh
Department of Geography and Regional Development, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.4

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Hypsometric Analysis to Assess Geomorphic Development of Danro River Watershed in the Ganga River Basin through Geospatial Techniques

By: Abhay Krishna Singh , Rahul Kumar Pandey

Page No : 307-320

Abstract
For illustrating the stages of geomorphic development, area-elevation analysis and hypsometric study of watersheds are conventional approaches used frequently. The hypsometric integral assesses a watershed’s vulnerability to erosion and provides insights into its geological development stages. This integral is computed through empirical calculations based on a graphical representation of contour elevations. The Danro River watershed, a tributary of the North Koel River in the Jharkhand districts of Lohardaga, Latehar, Palamu, and Garhwa, has its hypsometric integral values evaluated in the current work. The watershed was divided into eleven sub-watersheds, and hypsometric analysis was performed on each of them using contour interval maps with the help of  geospatial techniques, primarily the GIS Software. The hypsometric integral values of the Danro watershed staggers between 0.50 and 0.48 to 0.50 for its eleven subwatersheds. The result shows that the watershed is in the mature or equilibrium stages of the erosional cycle of development. 

Authors:
Abhay Krishna Singh : Department of Geography, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Rahul Kumar Pandey : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.  
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.5

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Population Distribution and Educational Status of Santals in Jharkhand, 1961-2011

By: Latika Besra , Sohel Firdos

Page No : 321-336

Abstract
The study investigates the population concentration of the Santals, the largest tribal group in eastern India, followed by an analysis of trends of the change in its population over the last 50 years in the state of Jharkhand. Subsequently, it reflects on the educational attainments of Santals in Jharkhand. This study also examines the correlation between the Santal population concentration and the Santal literacy rate in the state. We have found that the educational scenario has not changed to the expected levels despite government interventions over the last 50 years. According to the location quotient values, it is evident that nine out of twenty-four districts had a significantly higher concentration of Santal population. The Pearson Correlation method is employed to study the correlation between the Santal population concentration and the literacy rate of Jharkhand for 2001 and 2011. It was found that in 2001, the relationship between Santal population concentration and literacy rate was positively correlated and vice versa.  Further, the districts with a high concentration of Santal population, such as Jamtara and Dumka, have much lower literacy rates of 46.57% and 44.78%, respectively. Furthermore, the districts with a lower concentration of Santal population, like Garwah and Latehar, have higher literacy rates of 79.25% and 73.13% as per the 2011 census. From DISE and ASER, it was observed that the learning achievement in elementary education is poor and needs more effort. These findings establish a strong case for requiring more educational resources in areas with a high Santal population to uplift their literacy levels.

Authors :
Latika Besra : Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Geography, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India. 
Sohel Firdos : Department of Geography, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.6

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Spatio-Temporal Risk Mapping of Kala-azar in the Saran District of Bihar

By: Sandeep Jha , Anuranjan

Page No : 337-351

Abstract
Kala-azar (Visceral leishmaniasis) is one of the severe major infectious vector-borne diseases prevalent in Bihar. Bihar contributes approximately 70 percent of Kala-azar cases in the country. The disease burden has decreased significantly over the years; however, districts such as Saran continue to report a large number of cases. The objective of this study is to map the spatiotemporal distribution of Kala-azar disease in the Saran district and investigate the emerging spatial patterns to identify the locations where these diseases are concentrated. This research employs spatial analysis methodology to determine the spatial concentration of Kala-azar disease using the Moran I and Hot Spot analysis tools. The results demonstrate that the distribution of Kala-azar cases in the district exhibits a non-random cluster pattern. Furthermore, the findings indicate that new hotspots of affected villages are emerging over time.  

Authors :
Dr. Sandeep Jha : Department of Geography, Kunwar Singh College, LNMU, Darbhanga, Bihar, India. 
Dr. Anuranjan : University Department of Geography, LNMU, Darbhanga, Bihar, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.7

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Geospatial Dynamics of Urban Evolution: Land Use and Thermal Trends Transitions in Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC)

By: Shashikant Ghute , Santosh Bhailume

Page No : 352-376

Abstract
The present study explores the association between urban growth, land use modifications, and changes in land surface temperatures in Navi Mumbai over three decades (19912021). The study offers an in-depth perspective on Navi Mumbai’s changing urban terrain by adopting advanced GIS and Remote Sensing applications combined with the Landsat series satellite data. The hybrid image classification process, supported by Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS, and ERDAS, reveals the pattern of urbanization and categorizes land use. Preliminary results indicate discernible shifts in land use classes over the study period, reflecting the profound impact of urbanization on Navi Mumbai’s spatial configuration. The spatiotemporal analysis of LST patterns uncovers notable variations in thermal signatures across different urban land cover types. The study’s findings shed light on the urbanization dynamics within Navi Mumbai and underscore the importance of incorporating geospatial analyses in urban planning and environmental management strategies.

Authotrs :
Shashikant Ghute : Department of Geography, MVP’s KTHM College Nashik, Maharashtra, India. 
Santosh Bhailume : Department of Geography, KVNNSPS’s Arts, and Commerce, College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.8

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Spatio-temporal Analysis of Cyber Crime against Women in India

By: Deepika Rai , Sabina Bano

Page No : 377-391

Abstract
Digital India is the result of numerous breakthroughs and technical advancements. More than half of the population regularly uses computers, internet, and other devices to access social media sites like Facebook, Chat rooms, Instagram, Skype, WhatsApp, and dating websites, among others. On the positive end, digitisation has improved and influenced every aspect of human life and the Indian system including its governance, economy, and education. On the other side of the coin, it significantly increased the amount of cybercrime in India. However, cybercrime against women affects the dignity of women and causes emotional and mental distress among sufferers and their families. Data recorded by the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) under the Ministry of Home Affairs observes that out of every 100,000 population, 4 people face cybercrime in some or the other form, and out of those 4 people, one is a woman. So, this paper intends to throw light on the spatio-temporal study of Cyber Crime against women with the help of secondary data issued by NCRB from 2017 to 2022. 

Authors :
Deepika Rai : Research Scholar, Banaras Hindi University, Varanasi, India. 
Sabina Bano : Assistant Professor, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.9

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Pattern and Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover in Patna Metropolitan City, India

By: Anjani Kumar , Ram Sakal Yadava

Page No : 392-413

Abstract
Urbanisation is the most prominent process of human settlements in towns/cities that got accelerated after the European industrial revolution. Traditionally, human settlements have been developed along water bodies especially bank of rivers. Many of these riverfront settlements evolved into metropolises. Urban landscape in riverfront metropolises is ecologically sensitive. Urban land use, especially built-up land, is a crucial indicator to study the level of urbanisation in the city. With a mere 11.29% of the urban population to the total population, Bihar falls at the bottom of the urbanised state in India (Census, 2011). Being the capital as well as the largest city of Bihar, Patna is facing an unprecedented burden of urban agglomeration with inadequate civil amenities and facilities. This study attempts to analyse the land use/land cover pattern and its dynamics during the last three decades, i.e., 1991 to 2021. The study of the LU/LC dynamics is helpful to analyse the rate of urban expansion. The spatio-temporal analysis and assessment of the urban land use/land cover change in Patna metropolitan city has been carried using spaceborne Remote Sensing data, i.e., Landsat Imagery (TM/OLI), for the years 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021 processed with photogrammetry tools, Geographical Information System (GIS), and accuracy assessment. Erdas Imagine 2015 and ArcGIS 10.8.2 have been used for Satellite Image interpretation and preparing the final LU/LC maps, respectively. The processing of accuracy assessment uses Ground Control Points (GCPs) collected through GPS and Google earth historical imagery to verify randomly generated points from LU/ LC images. Ms-excel has been used to generate spatial statistics of the area. The study reveals that green space and water bodies have continuously decreased while built-up land has gradually increased. Urban built-up area has increased from 25.68 (1991), 37.16 (2001), 73.58 (2011), to 87.24 (2021) per cent of the geographical area of the city. 

Authors :
Anjani Kumar : Ph.D., Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 
Ram Sakal Yadava :  Professor (Retd.), Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.10

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Socio-cultural Characteristics of the Apatani Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India

By: Vajana Thakuria , Utpal Talukdar , Ghanashyam Deka , Ashutosh Singh

Page No : 414-429

Abstract
There are two major tribes in the Lower Subansiri district, namely Apatani and Nyishi. The Apatanis belong to the Tibeto-Mongoloid stock. All Apatanis trace their ancestry from one legendary ancestor, Abotani. The inhabitants of Apatani Valley use a distinct dialect, dress, and custom of living from the tribesmen of the adjoining hill country. A solid tribal sentiment, a consciousness of their basic separateness, self-importance in their establishments and traditions, and emotional bonding to their motherland, turned by never-ending labour into a vegetable garden, unite all Apatani and set them apart from the surrounding population which represents them to the outside world. Apatani society is branded with great stability among themselves. Geographic mobility is as limited as social mobility. 

Authors :
Vajana Thakuria : Saint Claret College, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh 
Utpal Talukdar : Saint Claret College, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh
Dr. Ghanashyam Deka : Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram
Dr. Ashutosh Singh : Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.11

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Investigating the Dynamics of Urban Heat Islands in Response to Vegetative Cover and Land Use Land Cover Changes in Chandigarh

By: Vicky Anand , Anju Singh , Santosh Kumar , Aastha Sharma , Sunil Kumar

Page No : 430-446

Abstract
The biophysical landscape of metropolitan areas is adversely affected by the rapid changes in land use and land cover (LULC). In the vicinity of the growth centre, the escalation of developmental activities and migration primarily result in the transformation of green belts into built-up areas, the depletion of surface water bodies, and alterations in the thermal characteristics of the urban landscape. The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamics of urban heat islands in response to vegetative cover, various Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classes, Land Surface Temperature (LST), and their correlation with the Normalised Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) within the urban area of Chandigarh. The estimation of surface temperature was conducted using the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) dataset. This study examines the relationship between water body characteristics and temperature variability in urban areas with diverse land use conditions, utilising remote sensing techniques to analyse direct evidence. Consequently, the outcome reveals that the built-up area has emerged as a significant land use and land cover class within the city. The class characterized by dense urban development displayed the highest recorded maximum temperature, measuring 29.15o C. In contrast, the class representing water bodies exhibited the lowest maximum temperature at 22.89o C, resulting in a temperature difference of approximately 6.26o C. The observed outcome of this phenomenon has resulted in a notable augmentation of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) during the summer duration of 2021. The results of this study offer valuable insights that can be utilized to address the challenges posed by urban heat and improve thermal comfort in urban areas through effective spatial planning strategies. 

Authors :
Vicky Anand : Research Scholar, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-On-Don, Russia. 
Anju Singh : Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Bawana, Delhi, India. 
Santosh Kumar : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, Sheik Sarai Phase- II (Triveni), New Delhi, India. 
Aastha Sharma : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. 
Sunil Kumar : Senior Geographer, Map Division, Directorate of Census Operations, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
 

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2024.44.02.12

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BOOK REVIEW
Urban and Regional Planning and Development
Reviewed by H.N. Misra

Page No : 447-449

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Jan- to Jun-2023

Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking Purpose in Cheyyar Watershed, Tamil Nadu

By: Jothiramalingam Killivalavan , Masilamani Palanisamy , S. Abdul Rahaman

Page No : 1-18

Abstract
Groundwater is a significant source of fresh water for drinking and irrigation purposes in Cheyyar Watershed, part of Palar Basin, Tamil Nadu. To scientifically examine the temporal variations in groundwater quality; groundwater quality data for the last two decades has been collected from the State ground and surface water data centre, Chennai. All the influencing factors such as pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), bicarbonate (HCO3), chloride (Cl), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4) and fluoride (F) of groundwater quality have been spatially mapped by using GIS techniques. The overall groundwater quality has been examined by using Water Quality Index (WQI). The results show that the prevalent groundwater types that prevail in the Cheyyar watershed were Na-Cl-SO4 and Ca-HCO3 in 2005, 2010 and 2015; Na-Cl-SO4 and Ca-Cl in 2019. The final WQI clearly shows that the groundwater quality is on decreasing trend. If this trend continues for a few years, most parts of the study area will become unsuitable for drinking. In 2019, almost 65% of the study area came under the poor and very poor quality of groundwater, so those areas need the proper groundwater quality management strategies such as artificial recharge structures and appropriate sewage systems to recover or maintain the quality of groundwater.

Authors :
Jothiramalingam Killivalavan : ICSSR Doctral Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India- 620024. 
Masilamani Palanisamy : Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India - 620024. 
S. Abdul Rahaman : Department of Geography, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India - 560 056.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.1

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A Review of Tropical Cyclones and their Impacts on Indian Coast (2010 to 2019)

By: Kiran Prakash Naik

Page No : 19-36

Abstract
Tropical Cyclones are low-pressure areas formed over the masses of warm water in the tropical regions. When these cyclones dissipate near coast, they cause enormous destruction. Over the past decade (2010-2019), total 99 Tropical Cyclones were observed over the North Indian Ocean. The objectives of the study are to analyse the spatial and temporal cyclonic disturbances over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and to examine the intensity and impact of Tropical Cyclones on coastal environment. The study reveals that the Bay of Bengal has experienced more cyclones as compared to the Arabian Sea. However, in the year 2015 and 2019 cyclone occurrence was more pronounced in the Arabian Sea. The year 2018 is noticeable with highest number of cyclones (14 cyclones) over North Indian Ocean. The majority of these cyclones occurs in the month of October and November, i.e., in the post monsoon period. Most of these cyclones have resulted in substantial rainfall in several states resulting in floods and loss of lives along with other environmental damages.

Author :
Kiran Prakash Naik : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Government College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Quepem, Goa-403705.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023. 43.01.2

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A Study of Geographical Identification for the Types of Rural Settlement in Amravati District, 2011

By: Sangita R. Chandrakar

Page No : 37-43

Abstract
The dissimilarity between two settlements can be recognized by studying dissimilar elements. The present research paper aims to examine the distribution types of rural settlements and their moving factors by the study of concentration index. Bernard's (1931) method has been used to analyze the degree of concentration. Compact, semi-compact, semisprinkled, and dispread types of rural settlements are found throughout the study area. This measured index shows that there is a relatively high concentration of settlements in the Dharni due to favorable natural factors such as fertile soil and the availability of good irrigation facilities. However, roadside growth of settlements leads to semi-compacted rural settlements in the study area.

Author :
Sangita R. Chandrakar : Assistant Professor, DMESS Arts and Science College, Amalner, Dist.-Jalgaon (M.S.).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ ATNAGI.2023.43.01.3

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Animal Husbandry and Present Society: A Critical Study of Nagaur District of Rajasthan

By: Govind Singh

Page No : 44-59

Abstract The saying ‘Blessing in Disguise’ has proven true upon Rajasthan by its adverse climate for agriculture that successively gives the most effective chance for animal husbandry practices as different supply for keeping support. The animal husbandry sector acquires special importance for a desert state like Rajasthan each on economic and ecological grounds. The state is additionally given with the natural treasures of huge solar and wind energy potential, nourishing grasses, different types of typical flora and fauna. Sub-tropical regions of the State are ideally suited to the indigenous milk yielding animals. The Study area of present work is Nagaur District which traditionally consist a part as notable “Suhalak”. Here the Nagauri bulls, cows, horses, camels, goats and sheep's have special standing among themselves. Primary and secondary data have been collected to fulfill the varied objectives of the study through field survey and case studies of the chosen areas. Nagaur district, renowned for its ancient cultural heritage and fairs, has huge potential for animal husbandry development. The individuals were accustomed to sale and purchase the animals and daily usable or materials in the fairs and festivals, therefore the social and economic activities were performed smoothly through this platform but now-a-days the trends are changing. In keeping with the census-2011, Nagaur District features a population of 3,309,234. Density of population is 187 individuals per sq. km, sex ratio is 948 and literacy rate is 64.08% and these parameters show a significant change in animal husbandry practices in the study area. The findings of this paper are showing a huge paradigm shift due to changing socio-economic scenario and modern life style.

Author :
Govind Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.4

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Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection Study in Eastern Nayar Watershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS

By: Harimohan Bhandari , Mamta Mishra

Page No : 60-74

Abstract
Land use is a crucial component in understanding how anthropogenic activities interact with the environment, and it is therefore crucial to track and detect changes in the direction of maintaining a sustainable environment. The study looks at changes in the LULC pattern in the eastern Nayar watershed from 2000 to 2011 and 2011 to 2021. Over the last two decades, LULC in the study area has undergone a series of complex adjustments. Water bodies, forest, built-up area, barren land and agricultural area are five major LULC classifications discovered, indicating that forest is the most common land use in the watershed, followed by barren land. The results of this study revealed that water bodies, built-up area and barren land increased by 18.75%, 23.31% and 8.89% while, forest and agricultural land decreased by 6.39% and 9.56% respectively in 2011- 2021.
 

Authors :
Harimohan Bhandari : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, M B Govt PG College Haldwani, Uttarakhand.
Mamta Mishra : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, M B Govt PG College Haldwani, Uttarakhand.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.5

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“Population Growth, Slums and Housing in Jabalpur City (A Spatial and Temporal Analysis)”

By: Prashant Tiwari , Janki Prasad

Page No : 75-92

Abstract
This paper attempts to analyse the spatial pattern of population and slums in Jabalpur city and the housing scenario, including future housing requirements. The city has experienced rapid population growth, and it has grown more than thirteen times from 1881 to 2011. Housing units are always inadequate in terms of the number of households in the city. The housing problem in the city is evident in terms of habitable conditions and available space for living, and slums, as 26 percent city’s population lives in such areas. Slums are located in 64 wards out of 70 in the city. It clearly shows that there are many requirements of affordable houses for deprived people. The study reveals that high population and slum density occurs in core city areas inhabited by socially and economically weaker sections. The polynomial method is used in the estimation of future requirements of houses as per the increase in the number of households for the estimated years 2021 and 2031. Thus, the paper has much scope in urban studies as well as geography, including urban policy measures.

Authors :
Prashant Tiwari : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, (M.P.)
Janki Prasad : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, (M.P.).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.6

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Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability in Diara with Special Reference to Flood: A Case Study of West Champaran District of Bihar

By: Manendra Kumar , Vijay Kumar Baraik

Page No : 93-109

Abstract
An extreme natural event can destroy or change the nature of livelihood of any region. In most part of the world, flood has been proved to be a major threat. Flood has destroyed millions of lives. The impact of flood is relatively higher in the states of Assam and Bihar, which face floods every year (Sinha, 2008; Mishra, 2007). Significant losses of life and property are witnessed. The devastation snatches away various livelihood capitals in these areas. Diara regions are found between river embankments (Hill, 1987; Kumari et al., 2018; Wadhnani and Singh, 2008) in the states of Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, etc. which face such vagaries of flood. All the perennial rivers flowing in the plain region have a land feature called Diara, known by different names locally. The term of ‘Diara’ can be used for that part of the riverbed, which is inundated during floods and remains dried during the post flood period. Villages located in the Diara region face the impacts of floods and drought every year. These are the most inaccessible and excluded villages of the plain region. This paper attempts to assess livelihood vulnerability in the Diara region of West Champaran district of Bihar. The study has used the data collected through conducting a primary household survey using a structured schedule, field observation, interviews and group discussions. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index was constructed using three sub-indexes of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Out of the total sample households surveyed, 12.17 percent households had very high livelihood vulnerability, 35 percent households had high levels of livelihood vulnerability adding to a total of 47 percent households, which were in bad condition (very high + high) in terms of livelihood vulnerability.

Authors :
Manendra Kumar : Ph.D Research Scholar, Discipline of Geography, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi.
Vijay Kumar Baraik : Professor, Discipline of Geography, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.7

Price: 251

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Regional Dimension of Crime against Women in India

By: Manju Sharma , Sandeep Kumar

Page No : 110-127

Abstract
Development is nothing for any country without the safety, happiness and respect of its people, especially children and women. Any violence alters sufferers' physical and psychological status and generates feelings of fear, dishonesty, and immorality in the related community. Contrary to this, the violence-free milieu in any nation signifies its social and economic prosperity. Whether inside or outside the threshold, the violence or crime incidences against women are incredibly apprehensive for India. The study desires to analyze the temporal variations in some such selected incidents. To determine the level of accountability of different sources, the authors tried to establish the correlation between particular crime happenings and their determinants. The secondary information findings reveal that most Indian women undergo mental and emotional torture and cruelty in their households, either by husbands or their relatives, rather than any other crime. Moreover, assaulting, kidnapping, abduction, and rapes are significant outdoor concerns. In terms of population and area, the bigger states recorded the highest criminal incidents against women, but the condition is not better in economically and socially developed states.

Authors :
Manju Sharma : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Dayanand College, Hisar, Affiliated to Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, India. 
Sandeep Kumar :  Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023. 43.01.8

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By: Nusrat Batool , Peer Jeelani , Shamim Ahmad Shah , Sabreena Nawaz Baba , Zubair Ahmad Dada

Page No : 128-137

Abstract
Migration is the primary demographic process that defines human settlement patterns and has a significant impact on human evolution. Migrants often seek better economic opportunities, higher levels of education, the chance to reunite with loved ones, or a safer environment. Given the paucity of literature, this study concentrates on the pattern of migration and the factors that influence district-level internal migration. And also, examines the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and inter-migration rate in Srinagar, J&K, India. Secondary data from the census of India, digest of statistics, government reports, and research publications was utilized to investigate the migration trend. To investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic variables and the international migration rate, a linear regression analysis was performed. Pursuant to the regression findings, male migrants dominate urban-to-urban migration while female migrants dominate urban-to-rural areas. Employment is the primary motivation for male migrants, whereas marriage is the primary motivation for female migrants. This study supported the view that factors such as literacy and employment have a close bearing on migration flow, whereas population growth shows a negative relationship with migration. The analysis of patterns would be valuable for formulating new policies, providing economic opportunities near the place of residence, and base for urban planning.

Authors :
Nusrat Batool, Peer Jeelani, Shamim Ahmad Shah
Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India.

Sabreena Nawaz Baba : Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Leisure Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India.
Zubair Ahmad Dada : Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Leisure Studies, at DDE, University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.9

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Morphometric Characterization of Watersheds of Gomti River Basin using Geospatial Technique

By: Raghvendra Singh , Sudhakar Shukla

Page No : 138-151

Abstract
In this work, remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques were developed to update drainage and surface water bodies as well as assess relief, linear, and aerial morphometric characteristics of the Gomti river watershed in Uttar Pradesh. The Gomti River Basin covers 3520 square kilometers. According to morphometric research, the drainage networks of the Gomti river basin have a sub-parallel drainage pattern and are subdendritic. Because of variations in slope and terrain, the stream length ratio varies. The study concluded that the streams in the Gomti River Basin watershed are at a mature stage, indicating geomorphic development. The topography and geometric growth of the watershed are used to explain differences in bifurcation ratio values. Stream frequencies in watersheds have a positive relationship with drainage density, indicating an increase in stream population as drainage density rises. The goal of this study is to examine the morphometric analysis of the Gomti river watershed under various physiographic situations. One of the most crucial analyses for the management and development of watersheds is morphometric analysis.

Authors :
Raghvendra Singh : Jr. Cartographic Assistant, Soil and Land Use Survey of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh.
Sudhakar Shukla : Scientist - SE (SWRD) and Head, School of Geo-informatics, Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Lucknow - 226021, Uttar Pradesh.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.10

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Impact of Land-use/cover Changes on Groundwater Level Dynamics in Semi-Arid Region of India

By: Prabuddh Kumar Mishra

Page No : 152-173

Abstract
A large-scale land transformation after the green revolution (modernization of Agriculture with the consumptive use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers and pesticides complemented with irrigation facilities to increase the food production of India during the 1960s) has altered the hydrological cycle and water balance in the semi-arid region of southern Haryana. In this context, this paper analyzes the impact of land-use/cover changes and intensive agricultural practices on the groundwater status in the area from 1980 to 2015. Supervised classification (maximum likelihood technique) has been used to perform change detection, whilst the Groundwater Development Index and change detection method have been used for the computation of groundwater storage change. The result indicates that the area under crops has decreased from 602611 km2 to 591589 km2, while an unprecedented growth of (97.80%) has been witnessed in the built-up area in all these years. The water table has fallen from 9.27mbgl (meters below ground level) in 1980 to 25.58 mbgl in 2015, at the rate of 0.4m per year as the water-efficient crops such as wheat, sugarcane, and paddy have been replaced by less water-consuming crops such as mustered, jowar, bajra, maize, and gram. Groundwater development has exceeded 100% of the natural replenishment level in the Gurgaon and Palwal districts and lies in the 'Over-exploited' category. Hence, it is needed to monitor the land use/cover changes and groundwater withdrawals and increase the body of quantitative evidence to check the pressure of the growing human population and climate change on water resources in the region.

Authors :
Munesh Kumari : Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India.
Suresh Chand Rai : Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India. 
Prabuddh Kumar Mishra : Department of Geography, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.11

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Identifying Problems in MGNREGA Implementation in Nuh District of Haryana: A Case Study Based on SC Beneficiary Households

By: Deepak Moda , Meenu , S. K. Bansal

Page No : 174-185

Abstract
In this research article, an attempt has been made to identify the problems in implementation of the most popular and world’s largest rural development scheme-the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA, 2005) in Nuh district of Haryana, with a particular emphasis on SC beneficiary households employing both the primary as well as the secondary data. Nuh is an extremely poverty-stricken district and falls behind the rest of Haryana on almost every yardstick of development. The findings of this study revealed that households’ awareness of the act's key provisions is exceedingly poor. MGNREGA jobs are not given to households when they apply, rather, they are given to households when the government needs them, thereby, making MGNREGA a supplydriven programme. Unemployment and transportation allowances are not being received by households. Absence of basic worksite facilities, violations of the wage-to-material ratio, the presence of contractors, and the use of machines are all common practices in the district.

Authors :
Deepak Moda : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana,
Meenu : Independent Research Scholar.
S. K. Bansal : Professor and Former Head, Department of Geography, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.12

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Changing Pattern of Occupational Structure in Begusarai District: A Geographical Study

By: Murli Manohar , Gayatri Rai

Page No : 186-206

Abstract
Occupation is the gainful economic activity that defines the level of development of the people. The population involved in different occupations forms the occupational structure of any area. The change or shift in occupations of population has been understood as occupational change. Begusarai is situated in the central Bihar region. It has 18 blocks that have been taken as a study unit. This paper aims to identify the spatial distribution of the working population and non-working population in the Begusarai district and further attempts to understand the causative phenomenon behind it. These variations are studied under the four categories i.e., Cultivators, Agricultural labourers, Household industry workers (HIW), and other workers as per the standard classifications by the Census of India based on economic activity. The paper also discusses the decadal change (2001-2011) observed in the occupational structure of the district. The study is based on secondary data and relies on the District Census Handbook of Begusarai of 2001 and 2011. Different statistical techniques have been used for calculating the occupational structure with the help of MS Excel software. The cartographic representation of decadal changes has been shown with the help of choropleth maps, drawn using ArcGIS software. The study shows that the proportion of cultivators, agricultural labourers, and HIW has decreased from 19.1% to 15.57%, 47.9% to 45.93%, and slightly from 6.9% to 6.20% respectively while other worker’s percentage has increased from 26.2% to 32.31% during the decade 2001 – 2011.

Authors :
Murli Manohar : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Gayatri Rai : Professor, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.13

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Spatial Development Patterns of Railway Station Districts: An Application of Node-Place Model in Varanasi Urban Agglomeration

By: Iman Banerjee

Page No : 207-221

Abstract
Transit-oriented development is being largely proselytised in recent times as a notion for sustainable urban and regional development throughout the entire world. Well-recognition of land-use-transport feedback mechanism is visible in such planning notion, which advocates for integrated transport and land-use planning, as well as greater synergy between the efficiency of transit infrastructure and the intensity and diversity of land-use in respective transit station sites. Moreover, scrutinising such claims and further facilitating the notion of urban regeneration around transit hubs require a system of analysis as the initial thread towards more effective transit-oriented urban development. This paper makes reference to the Node-Place Model in order to examine the railway station districts of Varanasi Urban Agglomeration, with respect to their existing efficiency of transit infrasystem and land-use characteristics. This research is based on both the primary and secondary sources of information to assess the prevailing pattern of interaction between public transport and land-use in the select station districts (800 m. buffer zone around railway stations) of Varanasi Urban Agglomeration. The resulted discussion is expected to facilitate the spatial policymakers to plan for a better synergy between transport infrasystem (mainly railways) and land-use structure (intensity and diversity) for the respective sites.

Author :
Iman Banerjee : Doctoral Research Fellow (UGC), Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.14

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The Extent of Indebtedness among Farming Households in Punjab

By: Kiran Mann , Suman Chauhan

Page No : 222-232

Abstract
The productivity of Punjab's agricultural sector has been stagnant for some time, while cultivation expenses, farm sector earnings, and employment have all decreased. Farmers in Punjab's agricultural sector are straining under the weight of their massive debt, which is evolving into a significant political issue in the province. The scope and magnitude of household debt in four districts of Punjab—Sangrur, Mansa, Amritsar, and Hoshiarpur— are assessed using primary survey data. 200 farming households from all four districts are included in the study. Farmers are discovered to have a variety of institutional credit issues during the field visit, which causes them to borrow money from sly and exploitative noninstitutional credit sources. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen current lending institutions to spur the agricultural sector's expansion and release farmers from debt.

Authors :
Kiran Mann : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
Suman Chauhan : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.01.15

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Book Review
Mapping Inter-Caste Differentials on Select Demographic Aspects of Scheduled Castes in Indian Punjab by Preeti

By: ..

Page No : 233-235

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Obituary

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Page No : 236-236

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Jul- to Dec-2023

Estimation of Soil Erosion of the Balason River Basin in the Darjeeling Himalayan Region, India

By: Dipesh Roy , Rajib Mitra , Deepak Kumar Mandal

Page No : 239-261

Abstract
The present study has been conducted by employing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) modelling in the Balason River Basin (BRB) of the Darjeeling Himalayan region to predict the actual or predicted and potential soil loss. The input factors were rainfall erosivity (R factor), soil erodibility (K factor), slope length and steepness (LS factor), cover and management (C factor), and support practice (P factor). The outcome of the work reflects that the actual soil loss in the basin ranges from 0 to 1054.41 t ha-1 year-1, while the potential soil loss varies from 0 to 6125.56 t ha-1 year-1. In the study area, the central and northernmost portions are in the very high potential soil loss zone, while the lower part of this watershed is in the low anticipated soil loss zone. The study will be immensely beneficial in identifying areas of high soil erosion risk, where the government must speed up effective conservation measures.

Authors :
Dipesh Roy : Research Scholar, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
Rajib Mitra : Research Scholar, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
Deepak Kumar Mandal : Professor, Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.1

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Applying Integrated Approach of GIS and Landscape Metrics for Analyzing Land Use Land Cover Dynamics of Varanasi District, India

By: Nitish Kumar Singh , Geeta Devi , Mahendra Singh Nathawat

Page No : 262-279

Abstract
Traditionally, landscape metrics have been used to study the landscape structure and ensuing changes in its structure over time at different levels. Landscape metrics-based studies have been mainly confined to scientists and researchers of the environment or ecology. It has not been so popular under the subject area of geography as much as among ecologists. Therefore, the use of landscape metrics should be encouraged along with traditional GIS-based land use and land cover studies in geography; so that, as a geographer, we can explore the spatial pattern of land transformations along with its structural nature because only spatial study of changes in the area is not enough, their structure is also important. Keeping the above thought in mind, the present study has attempted to use GISbased supervised classification and landscape metrics in some integrated modus to conduct a spatio-temporal study of the land use and land cover of the Varanasi district from the period of 2000 to 2020. It uses USGS's Landsat ETM + (Year-2000) and OLI (Year-2020) data along with six class-level (CA, NP, MPS, CLUMPY, PLAND, and nLSI) and two landscapelevel (SHIDI, and SIDI) metrics. Therefore, ERDAS v. 2015, ArcGIS v. 10.7, and fragstats v. 4.2 have been used to classify satellite images and calculate landscape metrics. The result shows that the Varanasi district had the maximum decrease in the areas of vegetation cover, water bodies, and agricultural land. In contrast, the maximum increase was observed in built-up land and vacant land. Along with this, there has been a rapid change in the patch structure, shape, and distribution of different land use land covers, so the diversity has increased at the landscape level in the study area.

Authors :
Nitish Kumar Singh : Research Scholar, Discipline of Geography, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
Geeta Devi : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Mahendra Singh Nathawat : Professor, Discipline of Geography, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.2

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Spatio-Temporal Analysis on Channel Migration of the Jiadhal River Basin Using Geospatial Techniques

By: Monalisha Mili , Manash Jyoti Bhuyan , Dinky Mishra

Page No : 280-300

Abstract
Jiadhal is one of the most notorious rivers of Assam, flowing through the northern bank of the river Brahmaputra. The river is mostly known for its frequent bankline shifting and creating floods, particularly in the Dhemaji district of Assam, India. Consequently, channel migration in the Jiadhal River is a common phenomenon. A spatio-temporal change in the river has been revealed by the analysis of Landsat TM imagery over 26 years in the GIS environment. In order to examine the temporal channel migration patterns, 59.30 km of the river's total length was divided into 11 parts by taking cross-sections at equal intervals of 6 km. Uneven rainfall patterns, embankment construction, sand mining, and the development of dams, barrages, and roadways all have an impact on the river's hydrological system. It is noteworthy that human activities aggravating the morpho-ecological changes of the river are the main reasons for river channel migration, independent of natural hydrological processes. The riverbed's unevenness and undulation have significantly increased as a result of this. Therefore, the present paper analyses the spatio-temporal variations of channel migration in the lower Jiadhal basin using geospatial techniques

Authors :
Monalisha Mili : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Nowgong College (Autonomous), Assam, India.
Manash Jyoti Bhuyan : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Nowgong Girls’ College, Assam, India
Dinky Mishra : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Nowgong College (Autonomous), Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.3

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Geo-spatial Appraisal of Existing Road Networks and its Impact on Regional Development: A Case Study of Bhojpur District, Bihar

By: Fouzia Rahman , Sanjay Kumar

Page No : 301-317

Abstract
The medium of transportation facilitates the movement of people, products, and services. It has consistently played a significant role in the expansion of urbanization, industry, and modernization. It has been shown that effective transportation systems are crucial for fostering social cohesion and economic prosperity in a region. India has some rural and urban regions with strong transportation connectivity, but many villages lack wellorganized and efficient transportation systems. The present work covers the district's regional development in connection to road connectivity, its development, and the level of transportation. For showing road network connectivity, the Graph Theory has been used and the level of transport development has been examined by using aggregate transport score (ATS). The level of regional development has been demonstrated using the composite index, which normalizes various socioeconomic factors. Using georeferencing and digitizing, software like ArcGIS facilitates network analysis, processing of spatial data, and the creation of maps. Road transportation was discovered to have a positive relationship with regional development in the district.

Authors :
Fouzia Rahman : Assistant Professor, P.G Department of Geography, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara
Sanjay Kumar : Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Geography, Maharaja College Veer Kunwar Singh University
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.4

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Agricultural Productivity Indices of Major Food Crops in Jammu Province, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India

By: Tajinder Kour , Sarvjeet Singh , Rakesh Jasrotia ,

Page No : 318-330

Abstract
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the people and it contributes a major share to the economy of the state. Agricultural development is an integral part of rural development. Hence, for Agricultural development, one should proceed to interpret the regional imbalances in the levels of agricultural productivity or performance per unit area of different crops. Agricultural productivity refers to the output produced by a given level of input(s) in the agricultural sector of a given economy. More formally, it can be defined as “the ratio of the value of total farm outputs to the value of total inputs used in farm production”. The present study is an attempt to determine the agricultural productivity of Jammu Province. For analyzing agricultural productivity, ten districts of Jammu Province have been taken as the unit of study. The productivity indices of major food crops viz. Rice, Maize, and Wheat were considered for each district and were computed.

Authors :
Tajinder Kour : Post-Doc Fellow, Department of Geography, University of Jammu, India
Sarvjeet Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. Degree College, Doda, Jammu, India.
Rakesh Jasrotia : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Maulana Azad Memorial College, Jammu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.5

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Analysing Crop Diversification and its Effect on Food Consumption Patterns

By: Pragati Pandey , Vivek Kumar Shukla , V. K. Tripathi

Page No : 331-340

Abstract
In a country like India where agriculture is the most prevalent occupation of the people, there is still a disconnect between the farm and the household consumption basket. The paper tries to analyze the recent shift of Indian agriculture towards horticultural crops like fruits and vegetables in light of whether the increase in production has translated into such items being included in the diet. The findings of the paper help in understanding the longdebated agriculture nutrition disconnects in policy discourse. The analysis reveals that there has been an unprecedented increase in the production of horticultural crops over the years when compared to food grains. An analysis of the dietary diversity reveals that there has only been a marginal increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables rather the trend is more or less stagnant. The paper concludes that the high export value of horticultural crops resulting in maximum export of the produce leads to high prices of fruits and vegetables in the market and their subsequent exclusion from the consumption basket.

Authors :
Pragati Pandey : Assistant Professor, Government Degree College, Pachwas, Basti.
Vivek Kumar Shukla : Assistant Professor, B.B.D.P.G. College, Paruiya Ashram, Ambedkarnagar
V. K. Tripathi : Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.6

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Estimation of Normalized Differences Vegetation Index and Forest Cover Density of Satpura Foothills in Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, Using Remote Sensing Application

By: Mohan Arjun Vasave , Sandip Garud

Page No : 341-351

Abstract
Forest Cover Density is one of the key parameters for assessing the ecological condition of a forest. The Present study estimates the change in forest cover density using remote sensing techniques for the last decade, i.e., from 2010 to 2021 of the Satpura Foothills in Nandurbar District. Remotely sensed multispectral data from Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 is highly useful in vegetation change analysis based on remote sensing indices and forest cover density parameters. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and FCD (Forest cover density) relation are essential to understanding the environmental effects on the forest on a regional scale. Threshold-based classification has been used to realize forest cover change in multi-temporal studies. The result shows that forest canopy cover, as well as forest density, are radically reduced between the period 2010 and 2021. It is also stated that 119.51 km2 areas have been degraded over 11 years. Period (2010-2021) with a rate of 10.86 km2 every year is possible only due to the implementation of forest policies exclusively executing participatory or joint forest management techniques.

Authors :
Mohan Arjun Vasave : Department of Geography, Arts, Commerce & Science College, Taloda, District Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India
Sandip Garud : Department of Geography, Arts, Commerce & Science College, Taloda, District Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.7

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Development of Tube Well Irrigation and its Impact on Farmer’s Socio-Economic Conditions: A Case Study of Dakshin Dinajpur District, West Bengal

By: Manik Halder , Nuruzzaman Kasemi , Doli Roy

Page No : 352-369

Abstract
Irrigation plays a pivotal role in enhancing agricultural production and shaping the socioeconomic well-being of farmers. Consequently, the judicious and efficient utilization of irrigated water resources is imperative. This paper aims to investigate the spatial disparities in the level of irrigation development facilitated by tube wells and assess their influence on farmers' socio-economic conditions through a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. Drawing from both primary and secondary data sources, our study unveils a positive correlation between the extent of tube well-irrigated areas and the overall irrigated land within the district. Notably, changes in the area under tube well irrigation exert a significant impact on the entire irrigation system. Among the various blocks in the district, Hili block exhibits the highest percentage of land allocated to tube well irrigation, while the Tapan block has the lowest proportion of such irrigated areas. The predominant occupation in the study area is agriculture, and a majority of the farmers have received education only up to the upper primary level, indicating limited educational representation. Our analysis reveals a positive impact of tube well irrigation on farmers' income, as evidenced by the results of the costbenefit analysis. In conclusion, the findings of this study herein underscore the importance of efficient water resource management and the role of tube well irrigation in bolstering agricultural productivity and livelihoods within the region.

Authors :
Manik Halder : Ph.D. Research Scholar, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India.
Nuruzzaman Kasemi : Professor, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
Doli Roy : Ph.D. Research Scholar, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.8

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Migration of Matua Community from Bangladesh: A Microlevel Case Study from West Bengal, India

By: Nayan Roy , Rolee Kanchan

Page No : 370-385

Abstract
In the history of migration in South and South East Asia, the great exodus of 1947 and 1971 due to the outcome of the nation-building process of the Indian sub-continent were the most gigantic episodes with respect to spatial, temporal, and post-traumatic experience. It created millions of homeless and jobless refugees who are still suffering from identity crises and stress through decolonization. Although some of them were ascendant groups and became decision-making authorities in their own ancestral habitats before decolonization. This paper tries to identify the migration scenario of some sections of Namasudra, a lower caste group that emerged as a dominant group as an outcome of westernization in the colonial period in Eastern areas of undivided Bengal. Hence, the Matua community was selected for this study. It is one of the low-caste groups, formed as a distinct religious practice in the undivided Bengal and consolidated in the colonial period but after partition became a refugee for India. Two villages were selected, i.e. A1 and A2 for the primary survey. The study reveals that in both the villages (A1 & A2) migration of Matua families continued till the previous decade of the twenty-first century whereas, in both villages, more than 80 percent of Matua families arrived after 1971. Thus, from the nationality perspective, those were illegal immigrants in India.

Authors :
Nayan Roy : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara.
Rolee Kanchan : Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.9

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Understanding Loss of Cultural Practices in Tribal Communities: Observations from Hatkarra Village, Chhattisgarh, India

By: Abhik Sengupta , Kiran Bhairannavar

Page No : 386-397

Abstract
The paper explores the idea of development and its effects on the cultural practices of tribes in India. Taking ethnographic snapshots of tribal communities in Hatkarra Village in Chhattisgarh, argues that state-led development, forces of globalization, and acculturation processes pose a danger in the loss of cultural practices that are central to making sense of the tribal community lifeworld. The paper provides three examples to make the case, namely, education, language, and festivals. The paper is organized into three sections. Firstly, we discuss Tribes and Development in India, where we trace the conceptualization of Tribes. Secondly, we briefly give the background of the village and the research method. Lastly, three ethnographic observations are presented to support the argument.

Authors :
Abhik Sengupta : The New School, New York, USA.
Kiran Bhairannavar : Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2023.43.02.10

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Siachen by Mrinal Talukdar
ISBN No: 978-81-947444-1-2 398–400
Reviewed by Dr. Rashima Kachari

By: ..

Page No : 398-400

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Learning GIS Using Open-Source Software: An Applied Guide for Geo-spatial
Analysis by Kakoli Saha and Yngve K. Frøyen
ISBN No: 978-10-004786-7-9

By: ..

Page No : 401-403

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Jan-2022 to Jun-2022

Landslide in Rocks of Jodhpur Group at Masuria Hill in Jodhpur, Western Rajasthan, India : Its Causes and Threat to Significant Geoheritage

By: Saurabh Mathur , Sudhanshu , Shruti Kanga , Suraj Kumar Singh , C.P. Khichi , S. C. Mathur , M. S. Nathawat , Shiv Singh Rathore

Page No : 1-15

Abstract
The first disastrous landslide at Masuria Hill (MH) damaged many houses and properties in residential colonies in the Jodhpur city, Western Rajasthan, India. The present landslide created panic and posed a severe concern to geoscientists and local administration. Geologically, MH is represented by rhyolite of Malani igneous suite (MIS) of Cryogenian age occur at the base which is overlain by siliciclastic rocks of Jodhpur Group (JG) of the Marwar Supergroup (MSG). Rocks of JG in Jodhpur are divided into three formations viz: lower Umed Bhawan Formation, middle Soorsagar Formation (SSF) and upper Motisar Hill Formation (MHF). The landslide occurred in horizontally disposed rocks of Umed Bhawan Formation (UBF) of JG. UBF can be divided into a clay-dominated soft sediment zone with sheet and release joints at the base, followed by a rigid sand zone with orthogonal jointing. This disposition of soft and rigid pattern of sedimentation of UBF is identified as the vital horizon responsible for the landslide with shale horizon as the failure plane. The causes of landslides can be explained based on the model of BPSZ (Bedding Parallel Shear Zone). BPSZ is attributed to the liquefaction, mass wasting, and shear stress that caused the landslide. Paper also discussed the geoheritage elements of educational, geotourism and cultural values that are endangered and threatened to a landslide along with seven other similar hills of UBF in the Jodhpur.

Authors : 
Saurabh Mathur
Department of Geology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India.

Sudhanshu
Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. 

Shruti Kanga
Centre for Climate Change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.

Suraj Kumar Singh
Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India.

C.P. Khichi
Rajasthan Public Service Commission, Jaipur Road, Ajmer, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.1

Price: 251

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Land Conversion and Its Effect on Land Surface Temperature in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala

By: Aneesh M.R , Suresh S , Prasad T.K , Mani K

Page No : 16-27

Abstract
Based on Survey of India (SOI) Topographical maps of 1:25000, Landsat TM-5 and Landsat OLI TIRS-8 image the present study evaluates the effect of land conversion on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The land conversion matrix was calculated in the ArcGIS 10 platform to understand the trend of land conversion. To examine how land conversion might have influenced the LST, change detection was performed to identify the areas where land conversion took place between 1991 and 2017. A total of 1000 converted areas from different land uses were identified and selected for the analysis. These changed areas were then overlaid (spatial overlay) with LST layers to calculate the LST differences during the period. Results show that land transformation has increased considerably the LST, especially in the built-up area.

Authors:
Aneesh M.R.
Research Scholar (Formerly), Department of Geography, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

Suresh S.
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Ernakulam, Kerala.

Prasad T.K.
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kannur University, Payyanur Campus, Kannur, Kerala.

Mani K.
Principal (Rtd.), University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.2

Price: 251

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Using Geospatial Technology to Analyse Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in Kashmir Valley (2020)

By: Ruyida Mushtaq , Rajesh Kumar Yadav , Harmeet Singh , Pervez Ahmad , Tariq Ahmad Raja

Page No : 28-41

Abstract
Land use land cover is a biophysical parameter describing physical condition of earth in terms of natural environment with manmade structures. They are active features in spatio-temporal phenomena. The knowledge of geospatial techniques is crucial because only then we can monitor, evaluate, protect and plan for earth resources and implementation of land use management is also important in order to meet human requirements for their wellbeing. Based on geospatial techniques, the study aims to examine Land use Land cover pattern of Anantnag and Baramulla in Kashmir valley. Sentinel-2 multi-spectral satellite imagery 2020 were used to obtain land cover maps of the study area. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood classifier in ERDAS 2014 was used for classification and producing of LULC maps. The images of the area under study have been classified into 8 LULC classes namely- agricultural land, wasteland, scrubland, built-up area, dense forest, forest, water-bodies and snow/glacier land. Techniques of Kappa coefficient were utilized to assess LULC accuracy. The need of LULC mapping and monitoring is an essential tool for Sustainable management of land use and development of regions in study area whereby planners and decision makers can use to sustainably plan the environment in the study area.

Authors : 
Ruyida Mushtaq
University of Kashmir, Research Scholar, Geography and Disaster Management.

Rajesh Kumar Yadav
Research Scholar MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Department of Geography.

Harmeet Singh
Associate Professor, University of Kashmir, Geography and Disaster Management.

Pervez Ahmad
Professor, University of Kashmir, Geography and Disaster Management.

Tariq Ahmad Raja
Professor and Head, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKAUST), Wadura, Division of Agriculture Statistics and Economics.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.3

Price: 251

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Sprawl of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

By: Kumar Ashish , Kumar Parvesh , Brar Karanjot Kaur , Luthra Ashwani

Page No : 42-62

Abstract
Environmental Impact Assessment is a planning tool and most acknowledged process to investigate the effects of development on the environment. This interaction has placed environment at a similar position as an economy in the catalouge of issues that need exceptional consideration. Himachal Pradesh has embraces with 60% of the metropolitan populace and most of it is amassed in Shimla. The chief impact of the never-ending suburbia on environment of Shimla is diminishing forest cover, air pollution and water contamination, catastrophes, change in land use, congestion, water shortage, spontaneous designs, which eventually influence the personal satisfaction nearby. The present study is an attempt to understand the nature and extent of environmental problems and issues related with urban sprawl of Shimla. And, secondly, to suggest a workout logical long-term comprehensive strategy as a way forward to address the effects. The study has utilized information from both primary as well as from secondary sources. The primary information has been gathered from field surveys, traffic volume surveys, household studies, and so forth, and auxiliary information has been assembled from government workplaces. The parameter for the study has been derived from the literature review. Data has been tabulated, summarized, computed and then analyzed with the help of Google Earth image and ArcGIS for better suggestions to the future planning strategies.

Authors :
Kumar Ashish
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, CAS-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Kumar Parvesh
Master in Technology (Urban Planning), Guru Ramdas School of Planning, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India.

Brar Karanjot Kaur
Professor, Department of Geography, CAS-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Luthra Ashwani
Professor, Guru Ramdas School of Planning, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.4

Price: 251

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Regional Disparity in Levels of Agricultural Development in Rajasthan: A District Level Analysis

By: Alok Chauhan , Ajay Kumar Thakur

Page No : 63-78

Abstract
Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of economic development of less developed countries like India. Besides providing food to the nation, agriculture releases labor provides saving, contributes to the market of industrial goods and earns foreign exchange. Agricultural development is an integral part of all strategies of planned socio-economic development in India. Since times immemorial India continues to be an agrarian economy, which holds true for the economy of Rajasthan as well. The economy of the state is mostly dependent on agriculture. Rajasthan, with varied agro-climatic conditions, shows inter-district agriculture disparities. Therefore, it is very important to examine various characteristics of a district. The present study, therefore, attempts to examine the regional disparities in the levels of agricultural development at the district level for the state of Rajasthan. The study is based on secondary data obtained from the directorate of economics and statistics, Rajasthan. Based on HDI technique of UNDP, a composite index of agricultural development has been computed taking 12 indicators. The study highlights that northern, eastern and south-eastern parts of the state are agriculturally more developed than western and southern parts.

Authors :
Alok Chauhan
Assistant Professor in Geography, VM Open University, Kota (Rajasthan).

Ajay Kumar Thakur
Assistant Professor in Geography, Govt Tilak PG College, Katni (Madhya Pradesh). 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.5

Price: 251

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Child Labor and Its Correlates: A Case Study of Gujarat

By: Pragati Pandey , Vivek Kumar Shukla

Page No : 79-89

Abstract
Child labor has been regarded as one of the most serious issues faced by developing countries since time immemorial. The complexity involved with the problem demands for detailed research in order to cull out the most specific ways to eliminate it. The Census of India provides data on child labor since 1971, however, most of the researches have been either case studies or restricted to data provided on national and state scenario by the NSSO. The paper, therefore intends to study the data at the district level and explore the emerging patterns. The paper restricts the data analysis to the state of Gujarat and conducts an inter-district comparison, in order to explore the correlates and the determinants of child labor. It maps the districts of Gujarat with highest concentrations of child labor across categories of gender and rural/urban areas. The findings of the paper help in understanding the actual magnitude of the problem at the district level. The analysis reveals that the large presence of child laborers in rural areas with a predominance of male child laborers; child laborers in urban area have higher access to educational institutions. There is a large proportion of children who are neither attending school nor working, categorized as the “nowhere children” with a preponderance of females. The correlation exercise provides evidences of scheduled tribe’s children being more susceptible towards becoming child laborers and household industries and agricultural farms being the largest employer of child laborers. The regression results reveal that, the level of urbanization and the proportion of the ST population highly influence the proportion of child labor in a particular district.

Authors :
Pragati Pandey
PhD Research Scholar, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University. 

Vivek Kumar Shukla
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Geography Department, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.6

Price: 251

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Promoting Local Green Livelihoods : Practitioners Perspectives From Himachal Pradesh

By: Sachin Kumar

Page No : 90-110

Abstract
The three core developmental challenges, namely economic poverty, social inequality and environmental non-sustainability appear to be inextricably linked with livelihoods. At the same time, despite huge investments and genuine intentions, livelihoods of a large number of people in India, including in the mountainous state of Himachal Pradesh, are not yet stable. Promotion of local green livelihoods (LGLs) are the need of the hour which assumes more salience in the current context of COVID 19. This paper attempts to present findings of a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with 16 key informants in order to understand perspectives of practitioners engaged in promotion of LGLs pertaining to the journey of promotion of LGLs in the state of Himachal Pradesh; facilitative and prohibitive factors for the promotion; and, imperatives for policymakers, practitioners and researchers.

Sachin Kumar
Associate Professor (Geography), Government College, Shahpur, District: Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.7

Price: 251

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Occupational Specialisation of Labour Force in Class One Cities of India

By: Daljit Singh , Manisha Chhillar

Page No : 111-122

Abstract
The economic functions of towns have traditionally attracted the attention of geographers, economists, and urban development experts. Though several studies highlight the functions of towns in India, Asok Mitra’s functional classification of Indian towns of Census 1961 is a pioneering one. Since the 2011 data on census industrial categories of towns is released recently, it will be interesting to explore the occupational characteristics of Indian towns and changes therein over time. In this background, the present paper based on the census of India 2011 data of workers engaged in different census industrial categories, attempts to classify cities on the basis of occupational specialisation, compare the city type with the previous classifications, and prepare a list of specialised cities along with their functions.

Authors :
Daljit Singh
Professor, Department of Geography, Swami Shraddhanand College (University of Delhi).

Manish Chhillar
M.Sc. Mathematics Student, University of Delhi
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.8

Price: 251

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Spatial Analysis of Public Healthcare Facilities in Periyapatna Taluk, Mysore District, Karnataka

By: Minutha. V , P. Jayashree

Page No : 111-122

Abstract
This paper aims to attempt the study of availability, accessibility and Infrastructure of public healthcare Facilities in Periyapatna Taluk, Mysore District. It also tries to find out the gap between existing public health care facilities and normative requirement of public health care facilities as set by the government of India. The base map of study area has been geo-referenced and digitized using ARCGIS. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was adopted to take the coordinate of all the existing public health centers in the study area. Data is analyzed though simple quantitative techniques like ratios, percentage and the spatial disparity of health centers were measured with the help of Nearest Neighbour Techniques. The results show that the availability of Public healthcare center is unequally distributed and there is scarcity in the availability of infrastructure and workforce among the study area. A large proportion of the residents have to travel a long way to access the health care facilities in western parts of Periyapatna. There is a high inequality in the distribution of public health centers, infrastructure facilities and health workforce in the hoblis of Periyapatna Taluk.

Authors :
Minutha V.
UGC Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

P. Jayashree
Professor, Department of Studies in Geography, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.9

Price: 251

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Deviations in Master Plan of Nokha Town: Geospatial Science and Technology-Based Analysis

By: M D Mehraj , Lokesh Tripathi

Page No : 136-148

Abstract
The Master plan is the long-term dynamic document to manage and guide the development of the city in a sustainable manner. Master plan is also known as back-bond of the all other development plans. So, implementation of the master plan becomes very crucial if it is not implemented in a systematically way, the development of the city could have a massive effect and it will be tough to enforce other development plans. By using Geospatial science and technology, this research paper discusses the Master plan of the horizon year 2031 and the actual land use pattern of Nokha Town. The goal of studies to investigate the land use deviation by examining the disjunction between existing land-use patterns and master plan proposed land use.

Authors :
MD Mehraj
Department of Geoinformatics, Sangam University, Bhilwara, India.

Lokesh Tripathi
Assistant Professor, Department of Geoinformatics, Sangam University, Bhilwara, India.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.10

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Delineated Sphere of Influence of Industrial Towns of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal

By: Sougata Maji

Page No : 149-168

Abstract
City is the ultimate destination where people fulfill their demands and enjoy a standard life. Growing facilities with urbanization increase their choice availability. Subsequently, socio-economic development around the city occurs with the development of the city. But, the development does not occur in all places at the same rate. So, the hierarchical arrangement of urban centres are seen in population and function. The present composition is an effort to show hierarchical alignment and influenced areas of industrial towns in Paschim Bardhaman District. It seeks to explain how the industrial cities have evolved and spread their dominance beyond their administrative boundary with the relation of socio-economic transformation.


Author :
Sougata Maji
Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.11

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Assessment of the Determinants of Female Workforce in India

By: Saumya Singh

Page No : 169-184

Abstract
Women constituting half of the potential demographic dividend of India contribute very less in terms of workforce participation. The lesser participation is driven by several inherent factors of the society and culture. The major objective of the given study is to analyse the various attributes that helps to study the involvement of women in workforce in India and how those attributes strengthen for a greater development of the nation. The study talks about the importance of women to play an active role in workforce as with growing competition at world level it is important to have more hands to work and feed the people. The study shows the inherent socio-cultural factors that either help or hinder the women to contribute in the workforce. It also talks about the ways to enhance the chances for women to contribute more effectively and efficiently.

Author :
Saumya Singh
Research Scholar, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, 110068.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.12

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Social Infrastructure in India: Spatial Disparities and Determinants

By: Sandeep Kumar Sharma

Page No : 185-197

Abstract :
The availability of adequate infrastructure is imperative for the overall socio-economic and regional development of any country. The present paper purposes to investigate the variations in the level of social infrastructural development in India from 1971 to 2011. The study is based on secondary data gathered from Directorate of Census Operations, Planning Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics of each state/UT of India for two reference periods, i.e., 1971 and 2011. The level of social infrastructural development has been examined with reference to three dimensions, namely, education, health and finance infrastructure covering 27 indicators. The spatial variations in social infrastructural development have been portrayed and discussed with the help of standardised index computed by using principal-components analysis. The study reveals the remarkable regional or inter-district variations in development of social infrastructural facilities. The study also finds out that these facilities are required more in densely populated northern plains and peninsular region of the country. The southern part and west coastal plain of country covering Maharashtra, southwest Karnataka and central Gujarat and areas around National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Himalayan region is well endowed with social infrastructural facilities.

Authors :
Sandeep Kumar Sharma
Assistant Professor of Geography, Government College Bhoranj, District Hamirpur, H.P.-177025.

B.R. Thakur
Associate Professor of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P.- 171005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.13

Price: 251

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Is ‘Peninsular India' A Geographical Expression?

By: Sarfaraz Alam , Amiya K. Samal , K.N. Prudhvi Raju

Page No : 198-206

Authors:
Sarfaraz Alam
Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India

Amiya K. Samal
Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

Prudhvi Raju
Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.01.14

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Jun-2022 to Dec-2022

Impact of Sediment Quarrying on the Channel Morphology of the Upper Mahananda River, West Bengal, India

By: Subhajit Sarkar , Kashmiri Begum , Sunil Kumar De

Page No : 213-233

Abstract
The present study aims to study the morphological changes resulting from the extraction of sediment from the Mahananda riverbed, located on Himalaya foothill, very close to the Siliguri town, West Bengal, India. Temporal morphological changes in Mahananda River have been detected from satellite images and topographical sheets. Sediment sampling of some quarrying sites has been done through field investigation. Sediment sampling of some quarrying sites has been done through field investigation. The average bank full depth difference in different sediment quarrying section ranges between 0.1 m and -2.1 m and width-depth ratio varies from -0.22 to -66.56 in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period. The correlation between the amount of sediment quarried and the width of the quarried area suggests that when the amount of bed material quarried increases, the width of the river also increases. Similarly, a correlation between width and depth also indicates that human activities have altered the natural process of the river.

Authors :
Subhajit Sarkar
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Kashmiri Begum
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Sunil Kumar De
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022 42.02.1

Price: 251

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Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in a Semi-arid Region of India using RUSLE and Geospatial Techniques

By: Padmini Pani , Robi Routh , Surya Narayan Mohapatra

Page No : 234-255

Abstract
A considerable amount of plant supportive top soil removal due to water erosion is a major concern at present. The semi-arid Chambal Badlands is one of the regions, where top soil loss is a growing concern for centuries. A huge quantity of soil loss in the region experiences every monsoon season. Quantifying soil loss is a challenging due to its severely dissected topography. The objective of this study is to estimate and map the mean annual soil loss as well as sediment yield in most severely soil erosion affected district of Morena in Chambal region. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Sediment Delivery Ratio with Integration of Geospatial Techniques have been applied using various open sources data to address the objectives. It has been found that soil erosion has been varied in 1985, 2005 and 2014 respectively. In the year 2005, the soil loss has been reduced compared to 1985, which has been higher again in 2014 (0–66.00 tons/hectare/year in 2005 increased to 0–67.10 tons/hectare/year in 2014), especially when the total waste land has been reduced substantially. The area seems to be going through active erosional process which is subsided by the anthropogenic process in a form of gully/ravine land levelling. The ravine levelled lands are prone to further soil loss in a long run. Therefore, proper management practice needs to be introduced to prevent further soil loss.

Authors :
Padmini Pani
Professor (Associate), Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Robi Routh
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Surya Narayana Mohapatra
School of Studies in Earth Science, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.2

Price: 251

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Delineation of Mangrove Patches using Multiple Landsat-8 OLI-based Indices: A Case Study of Indian Sundarban and Surroundings

By: Biswajit Mondal , Ashis Kumar Saha , Anirban Roy

Page No : 256-273

Abstract
Mangrove forests are considered an important component of the coastal ecosystem. Despite the immense ecological and economic services provided by mangroves, their habitable area has been shrinking at an alarming rate throughout the world. In such circumstances, mapping of mangrove patches is necessary for the proper management of such a fragile but highly productive ecosystem. Most remote sensing-based mapping is limited to analysis of their spectral properties only. These approaches not only fail to improve the classification accuracy but are also unable to delineate small patches of mangroves which are equally important from a conservation perspective. The present study is carried out in coastal West Bengal, India, where land use/covers are intermingled with different types of mangrove and nonmangroves vegetations, which is difficult to separate. In this study, we have combined seven spectral indices along with Landsat-8 OLI spectral bands to delineate mangrove patches. Classified maps using eleven-layer combinations were analyzed by Jefferies-Matusita (JM) Distance separability and standard classification accuracy assessment measures. When multiple indices were used along with six spectral bands (Blue, Green, Red, NIR, SWIR-1, SWIR-2), mangrove delineation potential measured by user’s accuracy reached up to 97.47%. Further analysis shows that additional 14,807 hectares of small mangrove patches outside Sundarban Biosphere Reserve could also be identified using the proposed methodology. Therefore, this approach may improve mangrove delineation potential through remote sensing and further help conservation and restoration programs.

Authors :
Biswajit Mondal
University of Delhi, Delhi School of Economics, Department of Geography, Delhi, India.

Ashis Kumar Saha
University of Delhi, Delhi School of Economics, Department of Geography, Delhi, India.

Anirban Roy
West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.3

Price: 251

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An Analysis of 2014 Flood Disaster in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K): A Case Study of 2014 Floods in and around Jammu City

By: Satvinder Kaur

Page No : 274-293

Abstract
Flood is considered as one of the most devastating and frequent disaster all over world as it claimed huge loss of life and economic damage which put heavy burden than other disasters on economy. Floods are recurrent phenomena in India. Flood incidences are increasing very swiftly and its causes are climatic change, tsunami, cloud bursting, massive rainfall, intense tropical cyclone, changes in catchment areas such as deforestation, silting, poor river management, urbanisation which result in high run-off, etc. India has been experiencing this disaster very often. Global warming accelerates the melting of glaciers in the Himalayan region. The rapid glaciers melting will increase the risk of brusting of high altitude glacial lakes such as the flash floods disaster witnessed in 2013 in Kedarnath and in 2021, in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. Floods cannot be completely stopped but with advancement of science and technology their effect can be reduced. Heavy rainfall during the first week of the September 2014 resulted in massive flooding in the former state of Jammu and Kashmir which witnessed the worst floods in the last six decades. No doubt the sudden massive precipitation was the main cause of unprecedented flooding but other factors such as rapid urbanization, growing built-up area, disappearance of wetlands, large-scale encroachment along the bank of rivers, degradation of productive agricultural land, forested areas and green spaces etc. have aggravated the flood problem which otherwise absorbs the flood water as they acted as sponges during the floods.

Author :
Satvinder Kaur
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Jammu, J&K.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.4

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Assessment of Quality of Life in Native Ethnic Tribes of Cold Desert Leh-Ladakh

By: G. M. Rather

Page No : 294-314

Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is becoming a prominent notion in a wide range of fields, including social sciences. It provides a viable alternative to several established disciplinary perspectives on how to assess development of an area. The present research work was an attempt to assess the QoL among the native tribes of cold desert Leh-Ladakh. These ethnic tribes being the inhabitants of remote areas of cold desert are lacking behind in almost all the basic facilities. Composite index and standard deviation techniques have been used to categorize the study area into various levels of QoL on the basis of 40 variables. The study reveals that fifty percent of sample villages were having very low and low QoL. An attempt was also made to come up with the suggestions for the improvement of same that will lead to better life conditions of the tribal people of the area.

Author :
G.M. Rather
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, J & K
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.5

Price: 251

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Geospatial Techniques Based Analysis of Forest Cover Reclamation in Karnaprayag, CD Block, Uttarakhand – India

By: Gopinath Patra , Sucheta Mukherjee , Vibhash C. Jha

Page No : 315-337

Abstract
Forest Canopy Density change detection based on remote sensing data is an important source of information for various decision, planning and forest management support systems. Information derived from forest cover change detection of forest land use is important for forest land conservation, sustainable development, and management of biotic resources. The purpose of this study is concerned with detection and identification of the change in forest cover and more specifically forest canopy density of the Karnaprayag, CD block, Uttarakhand. To identify forest cover change, detection is carried using remote sensing data, satellite imagery and image processing techniques. Temporal analysis of datasets have been carried out for a two decade span (2000-2020) using Landsat 7 ETM + 30 m resolution and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS 30 m resolution images. Vegetation indices like NDVI, AVI, SI. VD, SVI, SSI have been utilized by using ArcGIS 10.5 softwares to identify the changes. The classification has been done using six land cover classes (water body, built up area, barren land, shrub and grassland, sparse vegetation and dense vegetation). Preprocessing and classification of the images have been done and analyzed with careful accuracy assessment to detect change in a spatiotemporal set up. This study indicates that in the last twenty years, natural vegetation areas have significantly increased by 17.73% (shrub and grassland), 13.88% (sparse vegetation) and 1.97% (dense vegetation) but VDF areas have shown a marked decline in the Karnaprayag CD block. The rate of increase for shrub and grasslands is prolific while pure stands of tall trees are slow to growth. Therefore, proper land management practices, integrated watershed management, and active participation of the local community can help to protect undesirable forest cover change in the block.

Authors :
Gopinath Patra
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal.

Sucheta Mukherjee
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Sripath Singh College (Affiliated to Kalyani University, Jiaganj Murshidabad, West Bengal.

Vibhash C. Jha
Professor, Department of Geography, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.6

Price: 251

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Estimation of Potential Soil Erosion in Majuli Island using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Model

By: Bharati Gogoi

Page No : 338-354

 

Abstract
Majuli, the largest inhabited riverine island of world has been facing a major problem of soil erosion. The current research study attempts to estimate potential soil erosion rates of Majuli by applying Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Model in addition to other important factors of soil erosion. The mean annual soil loss of Majuli is found to be 268.75 t ha-1 yr-1 with total potential soil loss of 0 to 806.66 t ha-1 yr -1. Ujjani Majuli physiographic region had the highest mean annual soil loss of 312.71 t ha-1 yr -1. By severity, 27.41% of area had recorded highest rate of soil erosion of >357 t ha-1 yr -1. Appropriate use of soil erosion information generated in RUSLE model can help to design suitable land management practices and also improve earlier ones to control and reduce soil erosion in Majuli.

Author :
Bharati Gogoi
Department of Geography, Bhattadev University, Bajali, Assam.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.7

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Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics of Keecheri-Puzhakkal River Basin in Thrissur District, Kerala, India: A Geospatial Approach

By: Yomna. P. Zainulabdeen , H. Nagaraj

Page No : 355-364

Abstract
The insensitive manner in which man is utilizing land in the modern era has necessitated a continuous examination of the changing land use pattern all over the world. This study uses geospatial technology to analyse the changing land use land cover pattern of Keecheri-Puzhakkal river basin in Thrissur district, Kerala from 1995 to 2020. The results of analysis revealed that from 1995 to 2020 built up land increased by 86.91 km², whereas the area under forests, paddy wetlands and water bodies declined by 9.32 km², 46.70 km² and 3.31 km² respectively. Area under mixed crops initially increased by 30.40 km² from 1995 to 2008 and then reduced by 52.72 km² from 2008 to 2020. NDVI analysis showed that from 1995 to 2020 land with dense vegetation declined from 36.11% to 14.10% of the total geographical area of the river basin and land without vegetation increased from 32.14% to 46.36% of the total geographical area of Keecheri-Puzhakkal river basin.

Authors :
Yomna. P. Zainulabdeen
UGC Senior Research Fellow, DOS in Geography, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore.  

H. Nagaraj
Professor, DOS in Geography, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.8

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Folk Culture Regions of Madhya Pradesh

By: S. K. Tiwari , Y. G. Joshi

Page No : 365-394

Abstract
Folk Culture may be defined as the contemporary culture of a place which does not necessarily include the classical aspects of the culture. ‘Modernity’ and ‘Modern culture’ are not folk cultures as the folk culture is deeply rooted in traditions and prevails in the agrarian societies like India and not in the developed world of the west. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to identify folk culture regions of the existing state of Madhya Pradesh. The basis of their demarcation has been five cultural elements viz. Language (dialects and literature), History, Religion, Art and Social identity and two geographical factors viz. Physiographic regions, and Human geographic factors. On the basis of above stated factors, Madhya Pradesh has been divided into eight folk cultural regions, namely, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Gird, Malwa, Nimar, Western Hills, Upper Narmada Valley and Satpura Mountains.

Authors :
S. K. Tiwari
Formerly Head of Department of Tribal Studies, Rani Durgawati Vishvavidyalaya, Jabalpur.

Y. G. Joshi
Professor Emeritus, M. P. Institute of Social Science Research, Ujjain.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.9

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Dimensions of Development of the Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh: A Comparative Analysis

By: Dharam Das Vishwakarma

Page No : 395-420

Abstract 
Development can be seen in absolute as well as in relative terms. Measuring development in absolute terms is to see the actual level the economy and society have achieved while in relative terms it is seen in respect to some standard. The position of scheduled tribes of Madhya Pradesh, the state with largest number of STs in the country, is discouraging in absolute terms but is optimistic in relative terms as they are progressing well in literacy and gradually rising to higher level of education. Enrolment of ST children has comparatively been higher. They are picking up health care services by increasingly going to health facilities for deliveries and availing child vaccinations. Health achievements can be optimized by providing required health infrastructure which is lacking at present. Majority of the tribe workers are engaged in agricultural pursuits and are in better position in terms of land tenure. As field surveys suggest, they are stepping forward in adoption of yield raising technologies. Number of workers in non-agricultural occupations also present progressive picture. Proportion of population living below poverty line is reducing relatively at higher rate and their per capita monthly expenditure records highest growth during 2004-05 and 2011-12. Thus, higher rate of changes in socio-economic conditions, in comparison to other social groups, may raise their level of development and reduce the gap between them and the other social groups.

Authors :
Dharam Das Vishwakarma
Professor of Geography, Govt. Autonomous P. G. College, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.10

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Transboundary River Management in South Asia: The Exigency of Multilateral Institutional Framework

By: Ravindra Jaybhaye , Rahul Lad

Page No : 421-437

Abstract
South Asia has a reasonable share of international rivers that make countries mutually dependent for its management. Hence, regional cooperation becomes indispensable to harness the potential of cross-border rivers. With this backdrop, the research paper examines the role of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), as a common regional platform, in the management of transboundary rivers in South Asia. The paper further analyzes the adaptability of the Indus river management regime. It has been noticed that the participation of basin countries undermined in the management regime. The article recommends that a multilateral institutional mechanism is necessary for the effective and enduring solution for the management of the transboundary rivers in South Asia. The study is based on secondary data and hence, qualitative. The study accentuates the inevitability of the Chinese role and suggests its partial inclusion in the South Asian transboundary river management framework.

Authors :
Ravindra Jaybhaye
Professor, Department of Geography, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.

Rahul Lad
Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.11

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Comparative Study of the Health of Elderly Population: A Case Study of District Haora, West Bengal

By: Satabdi Ganguly , Snehamanju Basu

Page No : 438-450

Abstract
The present paper attempts to identify the physical health-related issues of the elderly population in selected rural and urban areas of Haora district, West Bengal. The study has also been extended to include how the health status of the elderly varies with gender, according to age-cohorts, education, socio-economic position, and environmental situations. In this regard, a community-based study is conducted in one community development block of the district and one municipal corporation by using a simple random sampling method. A total of 300 elderly persons are selected with a mean age of 69.69 years and 150 each from both units. The principal component analysis is used to identify the wealth quintile which represents their socio-economic status. The prevalence of chronic disease data is collected from the field. Self-reported health describes their perception of health. The result shows that disease probability increases with age. Education, gainful occupation, domicile, and socio-economic position controls the health and health-related behaviour of the elderly.

Authors :
Abstract: The present paper attempts to identify the physical health-related issues of the elderly population in selected rural and urban areas of Haora district, West Bengal. The study has also been extended to include how the health status of the elderly varies with gender, according to age-cohorts, education, socio-economic position, and environmental situations. In this regard, a community-based study is conducted in one community development block of the district and one municipal corporation by using a simple random sampling method. A total of 300 elderly persons are selected with a mean age of 69.69 years and 150 each from both units. The principal component analysis is used to identify the wealth quintile which represents their socio-economic status. The prevalence of chronic disease data is collected from the field. Self-reported health describes their perception of health. The result shows that disease probability increases with age. Education, gainful occupation, domicile, and socio-economic position controls the health and health-related behaviour of the elderly.

Authors :
Satabdi Ganguly
Senior Research Fellow, Lady Brabourne College, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta. 

Snehamanju Basu
Registrar, Jadavpur University, Former Associate Professor, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.12

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Patterns and Reasons of Inter-State In-Migration: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh

By: Kapil Dev , S. P. Kaushik

Page No : 451-466

Abstract
Migration is a crucial part of populace study. Migration encompasses equally space and time and both are likewise important in migration research. This study aims to look at the patterns and reasons for inter-state in-migration to Himachal Pradesh from 2001 to 2011. The research is mainly based on census data from the period in question. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and the maps were created using Arc GIS software. Although migration is still small in absolute numbers, it has changed dramatically over the previous decade. Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Haryana were the significant states from where many migrants moved to Himachal Pradesh. Punjab was the dominant donor migrant state in that period. The share of migrants decreased from Punjab but increased from other neighboring states with time. In both census years, total and female inmigration were primarily due to marriage reasons. At the same time, males in-migration from other regions of India to Himachal Pradesh were mostly motivated by the need for work, but their percentage has decreased with time.

Authors :
Kapil Dev
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. 

S. P. Kaushik
Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.13

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A District Level Rural Vulnerability Assessment in Uttar Pradesh – An Analytic Hierarchy Approach (AHP)

By: Deepika Vashishtha , Shahab Fazal

Page No : 467-495

Abstract
India is predominantly a rural country. Although, the number of urban population is constantly rising, however, it is expected that over 50 percent of the world’s population will remain rural by 2050. Majority of this population depends directly or indirectly on primary economic activities for gaining their livelihoods. However, increasing livelihood vulnerability has become a prime concern as it badly affects livelihood sustainability and rural economy. Thus, identifying poor and marginalized rural population is important to understand and assess various sources of rural vulnerability. It also assists policymakers in the process of prioritisation and planning. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess district-wise rural vulnerability in Uttar Pradesh (U.P). It primarily employs secondary sources of data. Rural vulnerability is measured as a combination of four-dimensional approach, i.e., Social, Economic, Healthcare and Agriculture Vulnerability. Analytic hierarchy process and weighted method in GIS environment is employed to obtain conceptual framework. Finally, the aggregate of these four indices resulted in the formation of composite rural vulnerability index. Findings reveal that majority of the central, southern and eastern districts are more vulnerable than their northern and western counterparts mainly due to poor connectivity, high percentage of male-female employment disparity, lower assets possession, agricultural productivity, inadequate health centres and high infant mortality rate.

Authors :
Deepika Vashishtha
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. 

Shahab Fazal
Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2022.42.02.14

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Felicitation Volume in Honour of Prof. M.H. Qureshi
Reviewed by Sumana Bandyopadhyay

By: .

Page No : 497-499

 

Price: 251

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Jan-2022 to Jun-2022

Assessment of Availability and Achievements of the Public Health Care Services in Rural India

By: Shrikamal Sharma

Page No : 1-24

Abstract
Health is regarded as a fundamental dynamic force behind the growth and development of any country. At the apex of the development concept is Human Development that has defined (human) development as the process of enlarging people’s choices. The most critical ones are to lead a long and healthy life, to be educated and to enjoy a decent standard of living. Common health indicators used for the purpose are birth rate, fertility, death rate, infant mortality, life expectancy, nutrition etc. In this perspective, certain input (health institutions and availability of health personnel), certain outcomes (child vaccination services, fertility and mortality) and process indicators (institutional deliveries and antenatal care services) of public health services present in rural areas of the country are discussed. The number of public health institutions increased enormously. In 2019, there are more than 25.78 thousand hospitals, 5.69 thousand community health centres, 30.05 thousand primary health centres and 160.71 thousand health sub-centres working in the country, increasing the availability of health care services. At the same time, death rate, infant mortality rate (IMR) as well as birth rate and fertility rate have declined. The crude death rate per thousand declined from 25.1 in 1951 to 6.4 in 2017. Crude birth rate declined from 40.8 to 20.2 per thousand during the same period. Infant mortality rate came down from 148 in 1971 to less than 34 in 2017 and total fertility from 6.0 children in 1951 to 2.2 in 2017. But there is very wide spatial and societal variation in health achievements. Rural areas are still far behind the urban areas. For instance, infant mortality rate is 23 per thousand in urban areas as against 37 in rural areas. Similar is the case with CBR and TFR also. Recent trend is that despite of very high cost of health services more than half of the patients go to private health facilities. In this perspective, relative share of public and private sector in health services, particularly in rural areas, are analysed on state level, utilizing information published by the National Family Health Surveys and by annual publications of the Ministry of Health, Government of India.

Author :
Shrikamal Sharma
Formerly Professor & Head, Department of Geography and Director Population Research Centre, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalay, SAGAR (M.P) 470 003, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.1

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Internal Structure and Flow Pattern of a Periodic Market in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam

By: Nityananda Deka , A.K. Bhagabati

Page No : 25-37

Abstract
The periodic markets have been still functioning as nerve centres for transaction of goods and services in the rural areas of the Brahmaputra valley, Assam. The internal structure of the markets and the pattern of flow of commodities as well as vendors and consumers clearly reflect the characteristics of the peasant society prevalent in the complimentary areas of the markets. The present study is an attempt to analyse the spatial configuration and the flow pattern of goods and people associated with a periodic market located in Kamrup district of Assam. The study is based on intensive field survey carried out with the help of a questionnaire designed for the purpose. The morphology of the market including the distribution of shops has been mapped and analysed on the basis of intensive ground survey. This study assumes great importance in formulating strategies for sustainable management of the periodic markets in the changing context of the State’s rural economy.

Authors :
Nityananda Deka
Assistant professor, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India

A.K. Bhagabati
Professor, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.2

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A Geographical Analysis on Crop Concentration in Chamarajanagara District

By: Sowmya. R , H Nagaraj

Page No : 38-48

Abstract
Agriculture occupies an important status in economy of Chamarajanagara District. Chamarajanagara District is the southern-most district in the state of Karnataka. Chamarajanagara district is consisting of 4 taluks - Chamarajanagara, Gundlupet, Kollegala and Yelandur. In the present paper the cropping pattern in Chamarajanagara district is outlined, followed by the discussion on the area under individual crops. Bhatia’s method has been used for concentration of selected crops. In this paper an attempt is made to study the changes in crop concentration in the study region. There has been a significant variation in the area patterns of crop concentration in the study region. The indices of crop concentration area calculated for the period of 2007-2008 and 2017-2018. The study is based on secondary data sets that have been collected from district statistical handbook of 2007-2008 and 2017-2018, and also primary survey has been conducted to know the crop concentration in the year 2017-18. The spatial variations in the degree of crop concentration area are found to be the result of the different interaction between farmers and their physiographic, socio-economic factors in the study area.

Authors :
Sowmya. R
Guest Faculty, DOS in Geography, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru -570006

H Nagaraj
Professor & Chairman, DOS in Geography, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru -570006
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.3

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Geographical Basis of Conflict between India and Pakistan

By: Sudeepto Adhikari , Mukul Kamle

Page No : 49-65

Abstract
For greater control over space and power continuous struggle occurring between different human groups and/or nations ultimately leads to conflict and war. The present paper is concerned with the conflict between India and Pakistan which is the longest conflict in the World Geopolitics with no end in the foreseeable future. The main objective of this paper is to study the geographical bases of India-Pakistan conflict. The paper is based on historical, political, economic, strategic and media sources. In methodological sense it is descriptive as well as analytical in nature. As the study is concerned with geographic influences upon the changing power relationship between India and Pakistan, thus, it is of great significance in the geopolitical studies. The study reveals some geographical bases of the conflict between India and Pakistan such as territorial (border disputes), strategic (importance of Jammu and Kashmir as buffer region), resource (water and maritime water disputes), religion or ethnic (displacement of large scale population from India to Pakistan or vice-versa) geography (geographical unity of a state or a nation in terms of physical and human phenomenon; e.g. Akhanda Bharat) and proximity (close proximity to Jammu and Kashmir to India and Pakistan). In conclusion, the study confirms that the conflictuality between India and Pakistan is geography stimulated.

Authors :
Sudeepto Adhikari
Professor, Patna University, Patna

Mukul Kamle
Assistant Professor, Deshabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Chittaranjan, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.4

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Agricultural Regions of Chhattisgarh

By: Anusuiya Baghel , Brisaketu Panda

Page No : 66-84

Abstract
The present research paper aims to describe the cropping pattern and its physical, social and economic influencing factors in Chhattisgarh. Ranking of different crops and preparation of agricultural regions is another important objective of this study. The present study is based on the agricultural census data of Chhattisgarh 2015-2016. The entire Chhattisgarh region has been considered with 27 districts to analyze the agricultural specialties. Paddy is the dominant crop in all 27 districts. But in the southern part of the region, mainly in Bastar plateau, millets like kodo has been found as a secondary crop due to ragged surface. Similarly, ramtil and maize are dominant secondary crops in north Surguja upland. Teora has become the main pulse of Chhattisgarh. The central plain of Chhattisgarh is also dominated by Teora as a secondary crop. Soybean ranked second as oilseed has been found mainly in western Maikal region associated with black soil, where gram/wheat became the fourth ranked crop in this region. The crop combination regions have been prepared based on the Weaver's method (1954) of least deviation. Crop combination map were superimposed over geology, relief, soil, rainfall and population maps and the Chhattisgarh region has been divided into four major agricultural regions as-Rice cropped Chhattisgarh basin region, Rice cropped Bastar plateau region, Rabi cropped Maikal region and Deogarh-Raigarh Millets region. Three-forth crops of Chhatisgarh belong to the Kharif crop, which reveals the impact of monsoon in the agriculture of this region. Due to the improvement of irrigation facilities, the cropping pattern of the plain area shows slight positive changes.

Authors :
Anusuiya Baghel
Professor, School of Studies in Geography, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G.

Brisaketu Panda
Research Scholar, School of Studies in Geography, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.5

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Composition and Ownership Pattern of Livestock in Haryana: Socio-spatial Analysis

By: Ram Juwari Chauhan , M.S. Jaglan

Page No : 85-103

Abstract
The present paper evaluates the spatial and socio-economic ownership pattern of livestock composition in Haryana. It attempts to analyze ownership pattern and composition of livestock at the household level and evaluates across the caste groups, size of land holding and agro-ecological regions of the state. The bovines constitute about 92 per cent of total livestock resources in the state. Buffaloes alone accounts for about 72 per cent of total TLUs and occupies a most significant place in livestock rearing in Haryana. The cattle constitute about 20 per cent of total TLUs in the state. Ovine (sheep and goat) rearing has also been marginalized due to progression of green revolution and squeeze of grazing lands. Commercial poultry farming has a significant presence in the state. The density of buffalo in terms of animal-land ratio is also highest in the state. The density of cattle in the state is quite lowin comparison to buffalo density. Buffalo is commonly reared animal in the state as about 85 per cent households in rural area own this animal. The proportion of buffalo ownership is higher among Upper and Intermediary castes. Cow and ovine rearing is more common among Backward and Scheduled castes respectively. The study also reveals that Haryana is largely oriented towards milk production with much emphasis on bovines rearing and specialization in buffalo and cattle rearing.

Authors :
Ram Juwari Chauhan
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Shri Kapil Muni Government College for Women, Kalayat, Distt. Kaithal (Haryana).

M.S. Jaglan
Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra Universiy, Kurukshetra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.6

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Availability of Groundwater Resources from different sources in Bhiwani District, Haryana

By: Anju Gupta , Jitender Kumar.

Page No : 104-120

Abstract
Water is the main element that affects the not only human being but also vegetation; animals etc. and plays a main role in the growth of any nation. It is used in all sectors of life i.e. agriculture, industry and household. Fast growing population, leads to rapid urbanization, industrialization and high agriculture intensity which have ultimately increased pressure on this valuable resource. Groundwater is the most precious natural resource of the earth and is of great importance in every facet of human life. It is the largest source of fresh water and is most widely distributed resource on the earth. Unlike any other mineral resource, it gets its annual replenishment mainly from precipitation and different sources like canal seepage, return from water applied for agriculture fields, seepage from ponds and water harvesting structure. Therefore it is very important to know about the availability of groundwater resources of an area.

Authors :
Anju Gupta
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, KUK, Kurukshetra.

Jitender Kumar.
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, KUK, Kurukshetra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.7

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Accessibility of Rural Roads in Jaipur District

By: Richa Singh , Sarina Kalia , K.K. Mishra

Page No : 121-131

Abstract: Rural roads are essential to rural life as it’s provides access to the essential and higher order services. Ease of reach to these roads thus forms the first and foremost criteria of development of the region. This ease of reach is often measured in terms of level of accessibility of the rural habitation to the nearest market centres. The following paper measures the physical proximity of habitations to the market centres by creating buffer zones of 5 kms and 10 kms using Arc GIS 9.3. The research has taken into consideration a decadal period ranging from 2003 to 2013 in all the 13 tehsils of Jaipur district where rural roads connectivity reached to 100 percent under PMGSY phase I. The resultant maps depicted that maximum number of habitations are in the range of 5 to 10 kms from the nearest market centres in 2013 in all the tehsils of Jaipur district.

Another two important variables of accessibility measurement namely travel speed and travel time is also computed to see the actual change bought by rural roads in terms of both speed and time. The results showed a positive impact of PMGSY roads in providing improved accessibility in rural areas in terms of increase speed decreased time in reaching the market areas and other facilities.

Authors :
Richa Singh
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Sarina Kalia
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

K.K. Mishra
Executive Engineer, PMGSY Cell, PWD, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.8

Price: 251

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Disease Ecology of Thyroid in Mountain Ecosystem of North Kashmir Himalayas

By: G. M. Rather

Page No : 132-155

Abstract
The present study was carried out to study the concentration of Iodine in soils, drinking water and staple foods and incidence of thyroid in the mountain ecosystem of North Kashmir Himalayas. The study reveals that the concentration of trace element iodine in soil samples was 1.570mg/kg with a considerable negative mean deviation of -0.030 mg/kg from control samples. The concentration of iodine in drinking water in the area has been noted as 0.486mg/l with negative deviation of- 0.010 from control samples and average concentration of iodine in the staple foods in the study area was 2.728mg/Kg with a considerable negative mean deviation of -0.172mg|kg from control samples with a declining trend in all the altitudinal zones. Majority of sample households (67.03) relay mostly on locally cultivated food items. About 7.37 % of the population in sample villages suffers from thyroid that is a iodine deficiency disease. Some remedial measures were suggested to minimize the incidence of thyroid in this mountainous area.

Author :
G. M. Rather
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, J & K.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.9

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India’s Domestic Climate Policy: Past, Present and Future Strategies

By: Manoranjan Ghosh , Somnath Ghosal

Page No : 156-175

Abstract 
It has been proven that the development of any nation is correspondingly related to increasing greenhouse gases and per capita energy demand and uses. In India, approximately nineteen thousand eight hundred villages are still without electricity, and at the same time, India is the world's thirdlargest greenhouse gas emitter. Soon, greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand will be more than double in India. Therefore, India needs an effective and inclusive climate policy to handle high greenhouse gas emissions and meet energy demand. In this article, looking into the past of the Indian domestic climate policy, it has appeared that the country's climate policy is changing over time, especially from 2009 onwards. After briefly examined major achievements and shortfalls of India’s domestic climate policy, especially, National Action Plan on Climate Change, it has cleared that not all the national missions effectively successful. For example, the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat only reframes some existing laws; there are no particular plans for rural habitats in the context of climate change. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency and National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem achievements are negligible. Moreover, the state-wise performances on the implementation of eight national missions, there are skewed distributions of financial allocation. However, all missions are equally essential to mitigate the vulnerabilities of climate change. However, there are many shortfalls and lacks in climate policy; nonetheless, India is putting the climate change policy at the heart of development strategies, particularly in energy security and economic development.

Authors :
Manoranjan Ghosh
Doctoral Fellow at Centre for Rural Development and Innovative Sustainable Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur -721302, West Bengal, India.

Somnath Ghosal
Assistant Professor at Centre for Rural Development and Innovative Sustainable Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur -721302, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.10

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Dynamics of Cropping Pattern in Arid Western Plain Zone of Rajasthan

By: Shivangini Rathore , Seema Jalan

Page No : 176-193

Abstract
The study examines the dynamics of cropping pattern in Arid Western Plain zone of Rajasthan using the secondary time series data of 22 years (1996-97 to 2017-18) divided into two equal periods. Pulses, cereals and cluster bean occupy more than 80 per cent share of the total cropped area of the zone. Percentage change, Compound growth rate and Markov chain analysis has been employed to understand the dynamics of change in cropping pattern. The share of total cropped area under cereals and fibre has decreased registering a negative growth rate during the study period while pulses have recorded only marginal growth rate. The share of area under cluster bean, oilseeds and horticulture has remarkably increased over base period recording significantly higher positive growth rate. The transition probability matrix reveals cereals as the stable group of the zone during period I. For period II cluster bean, cereals and pulses were the stable crop groups of the zone however results indicate increased area retention probability of high value crops during the period. The projected share in cropping pattern for the zone indicates shift of cropping pattern from its traditional crops towards high value crop slike cluster bean, oilseeds and horticulture.

Authors :
Shivangini Rathore
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001 (Rajasthan)

Seema Jalan
Professor & Supervisor, Department of Geography, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001 (Rajasthan)
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.11

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Urban Expansion and Characteristic Features of Suburbanization Process in Aligarh, A Case Study

By: Salma Sultana , Shahab Fazal

Page No : 194-213

Abstract
India is urbanizing and future estimates also predict accelerated urbanization. This urbanization is leading to massive transformation in physical and socio economic environment as well as demographic and livelihood dynamics making suburbanization process a hotspot for transformations. Urban expansion is inevitable and many other issues like land shortage, housing shortfall, and congested transit and stressed existing basic amenities such as water, power and open spaces of the urban settlement. Urban land use planning is the fundamental of its formation and is so important that some urban planners in developed countries consider it as equivalent to urban planning.

Thus strategic land use planning is an important tool to guide the Urban Planning. It helps maintain its focused, long- term vision to the urban mission and purpose. Understanding urban development, its strengths and weaknesses are important in the strategic planning. Awareness of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) are critical for urban development plans and programs.

The aim of the current research is to examine the pace and direction of city expansion. Further, it try to assess the active suburbanization process and highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats on land transformation based on the stakeholders opinion in the suburban areas. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of data adopting descriptive analytical approach to draw inference on land use dynamics highlighting the relationships among different components and also applied likert scale techniques to quantify the human behavior that help to scaling the response of the various stakeholders.

Authors :
Salma Sultana
Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

Shahab Fazal
Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.01.12

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Obitury

By: Haseena Hashia

Page No : 215-217

 

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Jul-2022 to Dec-2022

Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation trends in Southern Haryana

By: Munesh Kumari , Suresh Chand Rai

Page No : 219-233

Abstract
The present study attempts to investigate climatic trends in Southern Haryana between the periods of 1980-2017. Temperature and rainfall variations for winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were calculated using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicated that the temperature shows an increasing trend for winter (0.5657), monsoon (0.1529), and post-monsoon (0.0034). The results for rainfall shows negative Kendall's tau values for winter (?0.0953), monsoon (?0.0100) season, which denotes a decrease in rainfall over the years in the already dried region. The annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) trends were also shown using linear regression line indicated an upward trend over the years, which has increased 2.38 mm since in the last 37 years, increasing pressure on aquifers. In nutshell, we can say that temperatures are warming up and the rainfall has been shrinking exacerbating the situation for society and the environment.

Authors :
Munesh Kumari

Suresh Chand Rai
Department of Geography; Delhi School of Economics; University of Delhi; Delhi.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.1

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Statistical Analysis of Annual Maximum Flows of a Controlled River: A Study on the Kangsabati River, India

By: Sahidul Karim , Soumik Das , Sunil Kumar De

Page No : 234-254

Abstract
This aim of the present work is to analyze the maximum flows of six-gauge sites of the Kangsabati river basin by using Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) approach. Four probability distribution, namely Log-normal (LN), Gumbel maximum (EV1), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and Log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) have been applied. Annual maximum discharge data have been collected from the office of the K.D. Sub-division of Central Water Commission (CWC, India), Medinipur. The logarithmic method of Rating Curve Extension is applied to fill the missing data records. Two goodness-of-fit tests, namely Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and Anderson-Darling (AD), have been used for distributions at 5% significance level. Flow magnitude of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100-years return periods have been estimated on the basis LP3 distribution. The observed and estimated peak flow magnistude have been recorded highest at the downstream gauge site Mohanpur among the six-gauge sites.

Authors :
Sahidul Karim
Department of Geography, A. B. N. Seal College, Cooch Behar

Soumik Das
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Sunil Kumar De
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.2

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Elevation Based Comparative Analysis of Glaciers of Sikkim and Bhutan Using Remote Sensing Data

By: Vanya Bajpai , Rolee Kanchan

Page No : 255-270

Abstract
Information of the distribution and features of glaciers in the Himalayan Mountains is still inadequate and heterogeneous. These glaciers have recently become significant as these are being used as climate change indicators. As a consequence, maintaining a database in the form of Digital Glacier Inventories of these solid freshwater resources has become crucial.

Hypsometric relationships are important as they give an insight into the vulnerability of glaciers to climate change. This paper makes an attempt to study the trends of glacier area, glacier number and changes in glaciers according to altitude in Sikkim (India) and Bhutan. As optimal circumstances for glacier growth exist, an increase in the number of glaciers or their size is assumed to be closely linked to an increase in the altitude. Glaciers of this areas were thus inventoried by remote sensing methods using IRS LISS III, AWiFS and SRTM DEM data in the Geographic Information System (GIS) setting.

As testified by several scholars (Bolch, et al., 2012) the investigation of glaciers of Sikkim and Bhutan also showed that, the highest concentration of glaciers is in the 4000-5000 m. elevation class. Bhutan had the maximum glacial region (62.95%) in the same category, i.e. 4000-5000 m. Whereas Sikkim, at the elevation of > 4000 m. had the largest concentration of glacial area (60.56%), thus rendering the theory partly correct. Although the number of glaciers and the area covered (6.91%) were the lowest in Bhutan's > 5000 m. elevation region, but the average glacier size (13 km) was very high. Finally, it was observed that the average glacier size in both the study areas was the lowest in the < 4000 m. elevation class.

Authors :
Vanya Bajpai

Rolee Kanchan
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.3

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Remote Sensing and GIS in Land Use Changes and its Relation on Land Surface Temperature using Landset Data Series: A Case Study of Chandauli District

By: Sushil Kumar Yadav , K.P. Goswami

Page No : 271-288

Abstract
Present paper reveals the importance of the remote sensing and GIS techniques in assessment of the land use land cover mapping and its impact on the land surface temperature (LST) in the Chandauli District. In this study multi temporal and multi spectral satellite data has been used for to know about the current land use land cover pattern of the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. Supervised maximum likelihood method has been used for the making of land use land cover categories. The land surface temperature (LST) mapping of the years of 2000, 2010 and 2019 has been used for the analysis and assessment purposes by the help of thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 data. The result showed that the land surface temperature highly influenced by the land use land cover categories in the Chandauli District from 2000 to 2019. Result also founded that the strong relationship in between LST and land use categories. The land use categories of Water bodies, agricultural field, and forest area has negative relationship to the land surface temperature in to other hand bare soil, fallow land, waste land and plateau are the positive relationship to the LST.

Authors :
Sushil Kumar Yadav
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, B.H.U. Varanasi-221005.

K.P. Goswami
Associate Professor Department of Geography, Institute of Science, B.H.U. Varanasi-221005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.4

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By: Sangita Mahata , Vishwambhar Nath Sharma

Page No : 289-307

Abstract
Coal mining causes several impacts on the economic, social, and environmental fabric of the mining areas. This paper presents an overview of studies assessing the adverse effects of coal mining on land resources in India and various mitigation measures adapted to control them. The studies reflect that coal mining disrupts the structure of terrain, removes the land cover, reduces biodiversity, destroys the livelihood of the local inhabitants, and degrades the water resources. Rehabilitation and reclamation have been the major concerns of these areas. The studies argue that intensive coal mining activities caused several environmental problems and further environmental management plans are required in these areas.

Authors :
Sangita Mahata
Junior Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, B.H.U., Varanasi

Vishwambhar Nath Sharma
Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, B.H.U. Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.5

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Concentration of Road Accidents In Punjab State of India: A Geographical Analysis

By: Santosh Kumari , D.D. Sharma , Virender Singh

Page No : 308-320

Abstract
There is no denying the fact that road transport is the backbone of society and have telling impact on the economy also. As a result of massive growth of both road network and vehicles there in, the problem of road accident injury and fatalities to road users have also gone up and road accident has become most common and fatal disaster of present time. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the trend and the regional variation of concentration of road accident in the Punjab state of India. The present study is entirely based on the secondary data, collected from statistical abstracts published by Punjab Government. The study reveals that during the period of 2006-2016, the number of total road accidents in Punjab increased from 5099 to 6952 recording a growth rate of 36.34. District with highest number of total road accidents is Ludhiana followed by district Patiala. While, S.A.S. Nagar with 2.10 and 2.02 concentration index values in 2006 and 2016 respectively has been the leading district in both years of study. Number of road accidents in the study area is positively correlated with size of population, population density, number of registered vehicles and road length.

Authors :
Santosh Kumari
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005.

D.D. Sharma
Professor and Chairman, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005.

Virender Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. College Sarkaghat, District Mandi (Himachal Pradesh).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.6

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An Exploratory Study of Ecotourism In Uttar Pradesh, India

By: Shweta Srivastava , Gayarti Rai

Page No : 321-333

Abstract
Ecotourism is environmentally responsible travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature, and promote its conservation. It should have low negative visitor impact, provide for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local population, and promote wildlife conservation. Uttar Pradesh with its diverse natural magnetisms and vast cultural and religious inheritance has immense potentials of growth in the ecotourism sector. The state government is determined to establish Uttar Pradesh as a national leader in ecotourism sector by providing meaningful experience of nature. This paper aims to investigate the present status and explore the future possibilities of ecotourism in Uttar Pradesh. The state has 6.88% of its geographical area under forest and provides for one national park and 24 wildlife sanctuary as Protected Areas (PAs); all incorporated in the ecotourism circuits of the state. The discussion is based on data derived from State and Union government reports and statistics. Uttar Pradesh is one of the most preferred tourist destinations in the country, and received 285 million domestic and about 4 million foreign tourists in the year 2018.

Authors :
Shweta Srivastava
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005.

Gayarti Rai
Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.7

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A Case Study of Soil Types of Kinnaur and Chamba Districts, Himachal Pradesh, India

By: Archana , Monika Chauhan , Aparna Sarin , Kunal Satyarthi

Page No : 334-346

Abstract
Site-specific knowledge of soil resources is essential for understanding their potential contribution to the management of the State’s forests. With rapid developments in digital technology, geographic information systems and modelling, there is a greater awareness of the need for detailed site type information to be incorporated into decision support systems. Such GIS-based management tools are a vital component of modern forest management at the individual forest block and compartment levels. Pinus gerardiana Wall or Chilgoza Pine is an important and threatened conifer of Himachal Pradesh found only in Kinnaur district and certain parts of Chamba district. The main objective of this study is to provide details of soil types of these two districts and study it with respect to distribution and conservation of Chilgoza Pine.

Authors :
Archana

Monika Chauhan
Scientific Professional, H.P. Council for Science, Technology & Environment (HIMCOSTE), Shimla

Aparna Sarin
Senior Scientific Officer, Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

Kunal Satyarthi
Principal, Central Academy for State Forest Service (CASFOS), Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.8

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Understanding Trade Geographies of ‘The Rest’: A Case of India

By: Purva Yadav

Page No : 347-368

Abstract
The nature and structure of the global integration triggered by trade vary across countries based on their natural, socio-economic, and political intricacies. The paper empirically analyzes the emerging trade geographies of ‘the rest’ with an example of India. An attempt is made to capture geographical bias in the trade pattern of India, and also to gauge the role played by core geographical elements, such as distance and proximity. The analysis is confined to a sample of 67 and 81 trade partners in 1990 and 2016 respectively. Empirical findings suggest (i) Geographical bias is evident, however, the degree of bias varies across countries; (ii) Large economic size of the trading partner and geographical proximity do influence bilateral trade. Preliminary findings assert that the friction of distance on trade flows between India and her major partners is invariant in the globalized era;(iii) Trade relations are predominantly influenced by the economic factors relative to socio-cultural proximity.

Author :
Purva Yadav
Assistant Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.9

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Measuring Water Poverty in Rural Communities in Arid Plains, Haryana (India)

By: Swati Thakur

Page No : 369-393

Abstract
The water scarcity issues are diverse incorporating physical unavailability to socio-economic drivers of its accessibility and use within the given set of environmental condition. WPI presents a multifaceted framework to evaluate water scarcity and identify needy areas to prioritize management action taking natural and socio-economic factors into consideration. The present study applies this indicator based approach to understand various dimensions of water scarcity in arid plains of one of the ecological and economic backward districts in India. With 39 sampled villages of Mahendragarh District multivariate analysis has been used to identify its regional disparities and associated dominant factors of water poverty. The study brings out spatial variations in the magnitude of water poverty scores within the district and concludes that local, holistic water assessments on location specific basis are much needed to support conventional measurements of water management planning and policy to develop rural areas.

Author :
Swati Thakur
Department of Geography, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.10

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Rural Dwellings and House Types of Chura Caste in Jhajjar District: A Clan-Wise Analysis

By: Rekha Dhanak , K.V. Chamar

Page No : 394-411

Abstract
The present study examines the clan-wise distribution of rural dwellings, house types based on building materials of Chura caste in Jhajjar district of Haryana state. Primary data has been collected from 460 sample households from 15 select villages with the help of stratified random sampling. The surveyed households are represented by 12 clans among Chura caste. It is found that about 61 per cent dwellings have one or two rooms, while nearly seven per cent dwellings have five or more rooms. About 63 per cent wall of the houses are made of mud and un–burnt bricks. Stone and reinforced cement concrete are the most prevalent materials used in roofs. The floors in nearly half of the houses are built of cement. On the whole nearly 55 per cent of the houses of the sample population are made of mixed type while about a little more than one-third can be categorized as pucca houses. Complete kutcha houses form barely nine per cent of the houses. Households with comparatively better socio-economic conditions have own pucca houses among the chura caste. The Geychand clan appears to be better off in term of quality of dwellings occupied while Lauth occupy the lowest position in the ladder.

Authors :
Rekha Dhanak
Assistant Professor, Govt. College Dubaldhan, Jhajjar

K.V. Chamar
Professor, Dept. of Geography, M.D. University, Rohtak.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.11

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Urban Growth of Hisar City(Haryana) A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

By: Vibha Kaushik , Inder Singh

Page No : 412-433

Abstract
The present study aims to examine the spatial and temporal analysis of Hisar city urban area. This study has been conducted in the context of two reference years at an interval of 15 years i.e., 2005 and 2020 but census data of 2001 and 2011 is taken for study. The whole study is entirely based on secondary sources of data collected from various published and unpublished records of Municipal Corporation, Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana Space Application Centre, Hisar and Census of India sites. This study shows that with the increase in population a city develops almost in every direction in outward area if any physical or infrastructural hurdle does not appear like Hisar Cantonment Zone and part of Hisar Bir. In the case of Hisar city, the city expands towards the East direction along Delhi road and North direction along Sirsa and Chandigarh roads mainly because of industrialization, education and health facilities. Hisar city area expands from 45.43 Sq.kms. to 91.24 Sq.kms. in 2005 to 2020 whereas its ward numbers decreased from 31 to 20 in 2020 as compare to 2005.

Authors :
Vibha Kaushik
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak (Haryana).

Inder Singh
Professor, Department of Geography, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak (Haryana).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2021.41.02.12

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Jan-2020 to Jun-2020

21st Century Challenges of Agriculture, Health and Development in India with Special Focus On Tribal Areas

By: Rana Pratap

Page No : 1-25

Author :
Rana Pratap : Professor & Former Head, Department of Geography, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya – 824 234, Bihar, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.1

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Linking Human Capital Development with Educational Infrastructure and Urbanisation

By: Hariharan Ramachandran

Page No : 26-39

Abstract
Human Development is a medium to long term process, is intrinsically linked to economic development and urban growth, and encompasses individual to regional and national contexts. Human resource development is also directly affected by educational input and skill enhancement. The institutions that impart education and skills are often concentrated in urban settlements. Skills also develop through experience gathered from the work place. Basic education helps in absorption of skills. A substantial part of skills in the area of agriculture in India is through experience and enhanced extension work by agricultural extension workers. On the other hand, much of the skills in the non-agricultural sector are gained through formal and structured training and education. Although formal training is important, in the urban related sector there is still considerable informal training that develops individuals and human resources in India. This paper would attempt to weave in methodological issues in linking human capital development with urban growth, and share the results of an empirical analysis of data from an on-going research project entitled “Urbanisation and Human Capital Development in Assam”, funded by the Indian Council for Social Science Research.

Author :
Hariharan Ramachandran : Formerly Prof. & Chairman, Dept. of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.2

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Urban-Regional Planning How to Deal with Common Problems and Common Themes

By: Nandeshar Sharma

Page No : 40-48

Author :
Nandeshar Sharma : Former Professor and Head, University Department of Geography, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.3

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Structural Control in The Evolution of Granitic Landforms: A Study of Domes and Tors in Dumka, Jharkhand

By: Sayan Choudhary , V.C. Jha

Page No : 49-59

Abstract
Dumka in Jharkhand is an area of subtropical monsoonal climate. It possesses wide range of granitic landforms including domes and tors. Aside from domed structure, Dumka is also characterised by the presence of boulder-strewn domes and castellated domes. Granites are of two lithological groups: one is unclassified granite gneiss with enclaves of metamorphics and the other one is Garnet Biotite Gneiss. Both this variants belong to the supergroup of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex and the age range from Archaen to Proterozoic. In spite of the uniform climatic characteristics throughout Dumka, granitic landforms show great diversity in terms of morphology. Hence, it is concluded that the prime control of the granitic landforms of Dumka is litho-structural.

Author :
Sayan Choudhary : Directorate of Open and Distance Learning, University of Kalyani, Kalyani – 741235, Nadia, West Bengal.
V.C. Jha : Department of Geography, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan – 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.4

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Regional Disparities In Infrastructural Development : A Case Study Of Baijnath Block Of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

By: Seema Choudhary , D.D. Sharma

Page No : 60-76

Abstract
ABSTRACT The topography plays quite a dominant role in the social as well as physical development of infrastructure of any place. The infrastructure is essential for the overall development of a particular area. The level of infrastructure development can therefore be taken as an indicator of socioeconomic development of any region. However, the regional variations in investment in infrastructural sectors are a cause of concern. It is these variations in the infrastructural development which lie at the root of overall imbalances in the development of economy resulting in inter-tehsil, interdistrict and inter-state disparities. The disparities in the level of infrastructural development may vary from region to region and have become a major concern for any type of spatial planning and development. These disparities are due to variations in nature of physical, economic, social and demographic factors. In the state of Himachal pradesh the geographical factors have been very dominating and thus lead to poor development of social and physical infrastructure. This developemnt has shown more variations at the block level and particularly among the non tribal areas. Baijnath block which belongs to a very highly developed district has however exhibited bad performance levels in terms of infrastructural developement in the last two decades of twentieth century. The present study therefore tries to bring out in finer details the impact of geographical factors in the infrastructural development of the study area i.e. Baijnath block.

Author :
Seema Choudhary : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla.
D.D. Sharma : Chairperson, Department of Geography, and Director UGC-HRDC, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.5

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Aridity Assessment of Semi-Arid Agro-Climatic Zones: A Study of Eastern Rajasthan

By: Ravi Jhurawat , Padmini Pani , Avijit Mahala

Page No : 77-93

Abstract
The present study aims to determine the nature of aridity dynamics in semi-arid agro climatic zone of eastern Rajasthan for a definite period (1985-2015). Semi-arid and sub-humid regions are located to the fringes of deserts. The eastern part of Rajasthan reflects semi-arid climatic conditions. The present study considers the districts of Ajmer, Jaipur and Tonk of eastern Rajasthan for aridity estimation. The degree of aridity was examined using the UNEP (1992) recommended Aridity Index (AI). This index represents the ratio of total annual precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The Mann-Kendall test analysis has been applied for understanding trend in the climatic phenomena of rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration, and aridity. The Aridity Index calculation result shows that the average of first fifteen years (1985-1999) is greater than last 16 years (2000-2015), leading to a conclusion of increasing aridity. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis reflects an insignificant increase in aridity. The Mann-Kendall statistic results indicate that temperature and evapo-transpiration exhibited a significant increase or a probable increasing trend in all the observations. The substantial enhancement in the trend of temperature and evapotranspiration and an insignificant decreasing tendency of Aridity Index and rainfall indicate a negative change in aridity and climatic parameters.

Authors :
Ravi Jhurawat : Research Scholar
Padmini Pani : Associate Professor, Center for Study of Regional Development, SSS, JNU, India, 110067  
Avijit Mahala : Associate Professor, Center for Study of Regional Development, SSS, JNU, India, 110067 
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.6

Price: 251

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Regional Patterns of Rural-Urban Migration in Uttar Pradesh: Insights from Census 1991-2011

By: Alok Kumar Choubey , Gayarti Rai

Page No : 94-109

Abstract
The present study attempts to analyse the trend, causes and regional patterns of rural-urban migration in the state of Uttar Pradesh for the period 1991-2011. Gender and distance perspective of rural urban migrants are also examined in the study. The paper is exclusively based on secondary sources of data, obtained from Census of India’s Migration D-series tables. Comprehensive regional-temporal analysis of rural to urban migration in the state is presented by taking into account the duration and reasons of migration. Districts are grouped into 4 regions on the basis of their cultural and geographical homogeneity. Migration rates are estimated for each spatial unit to understand regional and gender variations in rural-urban migration within the state. ArcGIS and spreadsheet application have been used for mapping and calculation respectively. Overall analysis of the study reveals that volume of rural-urban migration in the state has doubled in the last 20 years (65.95 lakhs in 2011) with male migrants registering higher growth. In terms of distance preference, intra-district migration has gradually overtaken inter-district migration and migrants are favouring long duration stay after migration. As regards to reasons for migration, economic and social causes continues to control movement of male and female migrants respectively with 62.46 per cent females reporting marriage and 46.65 per cent of male migrants reporting employment as their reason to migrate (2011). Districts of Bundelkhand region witnessed highest migration rates among all spatial units, also females had overwhelmingly higher migration rates throughout state. It was observed that smaller towns were increasingly preferred over metropolitan centres by rural migrants.

Authors :
Alok Kumar Choubey : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005.
Gayatri Rai : Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.7

Price: 251

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Regional Disparities in The Level of Economic Development in Bundelkhand Region: An Inter-Block Analysis

By: P.K. Sharma , Sonal Srivastava

Page No : 110-128

Abstract
The process of economic development involves a significant change in the economic activities of different regions with a transformation in the structure of the economy. The socio-economic change does not take place uniformly in different regions. This paper is an attempt to analyse the micro-regional disparities in the level of economic development with special reference to 40 community blocks of the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. This study is based on the secondary data, obtained from the Census of India and different government official websites. In order to assess the levels of economic development in the region, 12 economic indicators have been evaluated by using composite index analysis. It is observed that, there exists a wide microregional economic disparity ranging from highest score (0.77) for Badeogarh block to lowest score (-1.27) for Buxwaha block. On the basis of PCA five dominant factors have been filtered which plays major role for the further planning in order to achieve the balanced economic development of the region.

Authors :
P.K. Sharma :  Assistant Professor, Department of G & A Geography, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P.
Sonal Srivastava : Research Associate, ICSSR Project, Department of G & A Geography, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.8

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An Appraisal of Urban Morphology of Maunath Bhanjan City

By: Sanjay Kumar Bharati

Page No : 129-149

Abstract
Urban morphology refers to the physical arrangement as well as functional structure of towns and cities. It involves the study of layout pattern of internal land use, street patterns, alignment of buildings, densities and the different functions of the city. Cities are always developed and transformed through the interaction between the different social, political, economic, and technological forces. These forces create the morphology of the city. The interrelationship of man and land resources plays a significant role in the urban space. The Urban land is base for the development of the modern society and cities are the distinctive spatial units of the people, their activities and institutions. The present urban society is facing the problem of increasing population pressure on the urban land. This paper refers to analyse the structure of different urban land uses and morphology of the Maunath Bhanjan city (Uttar Pradesh). This requires a description of the nature of the urban regions, their functions and forms, their relative disposition and social interdependence that constitutes a geographical analysis of an urban area. This will be based on the toposheet, personal survey on the basis of Google earth satellite imagery, and application of modern tools and techniques, specially using ArcGIS (9. 3version).

Author :
Sanjay Kumar Bharati : Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; U.P., India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.9

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Socio-Economic Dynamics and Livelihood Patterns in The Siddi Community

By: Karan Singh , Sushil Dalal

Page No : 150-161

Abstract
Siddis, the descendants of the Bantu community of Eastern Africa who were brought to India as indentured labour, are presently settled in Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Hyderabad. In the state of Gujarat, this ethnic community resides in and around Sasan Gir forest. Though there are controversies about their time of arrival in India, the oral tradition and historical accounts indicate that these people were brought to India somewhere between 15th and 17th century as slaves. It is also unknown who brought them to this country although the oral stories of the Siddi people in Gujarat mention that the Nawab of Junagarh brought them in his kingdom about four hundred years ago for labour work. They do work in agriculture and related activities for their livelihood. The present paper is an attempt to find out socio-economic conditions and livelihood patterns of Siddi people living in the state of Gujarat. The present empirical research is based on the data collected through primary survey from the field. The analysis indicates that these people are now-a-days engaged in manual and labour work for livelihood because of the paucity of agricultural land. They are unable to use forest resources of Sasan Gir for their survival due to enforcement of forest laws in India. The level of education among this community is very low which is reflected in the occupational and income patterns in the population. In nutshell, despite the hardly nature if Siddis,their economic conditions reflect influence of their social position vis-a-vis other communities in the present socio-economic ambience.

Authors :
Karan Singh :  Associate Professor, Government College for Women, Mahendergarh.
Sushil Dalal : Associate Professor, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.10

Price: 251

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Investigating The Environmental Risk and Vulnerability of Cities in Sensitive Areas, Case Study of Ferdows City in Iran

By: Rostam Saberifar , Uday Chatterjee

Page No : 162-174

Abstract
The effects of desertification are now beyond the regions which are considered as the deserts in terms of climate, and they also affected the rural areas. Ferdows is among those cities which due to being located in the desert margins suffers from the completely negative effects and consequences of this phenomenon. For this purpose, this study aims to investigate economic and social aspects of desertification in Ferdows City and to determine whether or not we can adjust the consequences by the infrastructure and managerial changes. The required data are obtained through the empirical evidence and surveys of some experts in this field. The number of samples was selective and consisting of 50 experts. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software. The results indicate that the desertification phenomenon has a significant impact on the economic and socio-cultural development, and this in turn has affected other related aspects. Surveys from experts showed that the consequences of desertification indirectly affected the credibility and previous position of the city. A significant relationship between increased desertification and the decline in the economic status of the city was calculated through simple linear regression analysis. It can be concluded that the highest impact of desertification on the variable of the decreased economic development.

Authors :
Rostam Saberifar : Associate Prof., Payam Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran.
Uday Chatterjee : Department of Geography, Bhatter College, Dantan, (Vidyasagar University), Paschim Medinipur – 721 426, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.11

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Women and Child Trafficking from Nepal in India: Mechanism, Control Measures and Implications

By: Vinod K. Bhardwaj

Page No : 175-192

Author :
Vinod K. Bhardwaj : Associate Professor, Geography, Govt. College, Kotputli, Jaipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.01.12

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Book Review
Geographic History of the Sub-Continent!
Reviewed by Sanjeev Sanyal

By: ..

Page No : 193-197

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Book Review
Resources and Development
Reviewed by L.N. Ram and B. Thakur

By: ..

Page No : 199-204

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Jul-2020 to Dec-2020

Village Ecology, Depletion Trends and Sustainable Development Needs

By: R.B.P. Singh

Page No : 209-219

Author :
R.B.P. Singh : Vice Chancellor, Nalanda Open University, Patna.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.1

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An Investigation into Spatial Accessibility of Primary Health Centres in Ahmedabad District, Gujarat, India

By: Shweta Khandelwal , Rolee Kanchan

Page No : 220-233

Abstract
Health is the basic need for the human being and it also influences one’s lifestyle. In India, Primary Health Centres play a crucial role in determining the health of rural people as they cater to the basic health facilities to them. Hence, the present paper envisages to study the accessibility of Primary Health Centres in the Ahmedabad District of Gujarat which is the most populous district of the state. The present paper analyses the current pattern of the accessibility of these centres and also proposes new centres where required. The entire study is put on Geographical Information System platform.

Authors :
Shweta Khandelwal : Trainee, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.
Rolee Kanchan : Department of Geography. Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.2

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Road Traffic Fatalities and Accident Risk in Uttarakhand State of India: A Geographical Analysis

By: Santosh Kumari , D.D Sharma , Virender Singh

Page No : 234-247

Abstract
The problem of road traffic accident is increasingly becoming a threat to public health and national development in many developing countries. Road traffic accidents contribute to poverty by causing deaths, injuries, disabilities, grief, and loss of productivity and material damages. It is exhibited from the present study that the number of total accidents has gone up by 1.5 times from 2001 to 2016 in the state of Uttarakhand. Present study is also an attempt to analyze the regional variations among total road accidents in study area from 2001-2016. The accident fatality risk and accident risk has been also calculated to understand the population, road accident deaths and total road accidents relationship.

Authors :
Santosh Kumari : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, 171005 India.
D.D Sharma : Professor and Chairman, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla,171005 India.
Virender Singh : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Himachal Pradesh University, Shima-171005 India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.3

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Documentation of Surface Soil Characteristics as Indicator of Agricultural Outcome: A Case Study of Dhupguri Block, Jalpaiguri (West Bengal)

By: Bhupesh Roy Prodhan , Snehasish Saha

Page No : 248-264

Abstract
The properties of soil especially surface soil (0-20 cm) can be good symptoms to view agricultural probabilities cum proficiency. The study was conducted in Dhupguri block in North Bengal region, West Bengal. The Dhupguri block is located in the Dooars, being inseparable part of the SubHimalayan foothills of North Bengal. The major surface soil associations are featured by sandy loam to partially clay loam in the block. Factors highly influential are topography, climate, parent materials and vegetation. To look into the comprehensive know how, soil texture, structure, organic matter, pH, NPK status have been derived through laboratory testing which portrayed the surface soil pattern of the study area followed by photographic documentation through field visits and outsourced helps. The study was tackled to the objectivity of assessing agriculture potential better to say supportiveness of the surface soil not only foe predicting present scenario rather future possibility assessments.

Authors :
Bhupesh Roy Prodhan : M. Phil Student, Dept. of Geography and Applied Geography, NBU.
Snehasish Saha : Assistant Professor, Dept. of Geography and Applied Geography, NBU.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.4

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Geography of Megalithic Period in South Maidan, Karnataka

By: Hema Thakur

Page No : 265-277

Abstract
The megalithic period witnessed progress in resource exploitation, changes in technology particularly the exploration and smelting of iron ore and development of varied crafts including the making of properly furnished burials. In this Paper the author has tried to examine the megalithic culture with respect to the locally available sources and attempted to ascertain if there was any interaction with places outside the region of South Maidan. Furthermore, some tentative inferences have been arrived at regarding the social structure of the megalithic communities. There is a possibility that some of the richly furnished graves belonged to important people such as chiefs or warriors who may have protected the megalithic communities and their assets such as cattle, land, etc.

Author :
Hema Thakur : Formerly Research Scholar,National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.5

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Changing Spaces in Smart City: A Case Study of Pune Municipal Corporation

By: Virendra Nagarale , Piyush Telang

Page No : 278-290

Abstract
The cities all around the world are facing numerous problems in terms of infrastructure. A rapid increase in urban population playing key role to produce complex problems and deterioration of basic functionality of services in the cities. To make city liveable there is a need for stable solutions to the problems like, inefficient urban mobility and public transport, lack of good governance, poor quality of life, difficulty in waste management etc. Smart City Mission in India aims at developing cities in such a way that will enhance the skills of people and improve quality of life while simultaneously building a smart infrastructure. There are six major components that strengthens the base of smart city i.e. Smart People, Smart Environment, Smart Economy, Smart Living, Smart Mobility and Smart Governance. Each of these components comprises social, environmental, technological and economic aspects. The positive progress of these components makes smart city more liveable to its citizens. Hence it is important to seek the overall progress and permeability of these components. Pune city is one of the nine selected cities for Smart City Mission in Maharashtra state. The population of Pune city was 1.14 million in 1971, 3.75 million in 2001 and increased substantially to 5.05 million in 2011 therefore making it second most populated city in Maharashtra State. This increasing trend ultimately stressing the available resources and services in the city. Pune Municipal Corporation is divided into 15 administrative and 144 electoral wards. This paper focuses on the six major components of smart city which are mentioned at the beginning. For this, the case study of Ghole Road administrative ward in PMC is taken into consideration. Ghole Road Administrative ward consist of 11 electoral wards and the total population was 1,98,286 in 2001 and 1,71,678 in 2011 residing in 39,001 households. As compared to the population distribution the services are not sufficient for example, Property Tax Pay offices and Maha e-Suvidha Centers are 12 and 6 respectively. To know the status of smart city components and available services the questionnaire survey has been conducted throughout the wards. The responses are recorded, analyzed and on the basis of that the concluding remarks are made.

Authors :
Virendra Nagarale : Prof, Dept. of Geography, SNDT Women's University, Pune Campus, Karve Road, Pune 411 038.
Piyush Telang : Research Associate, ICSSR Project,Dept. of Geography, SNDT Women's University,Pune Campus.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.6

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Growing Water Crisis in Agra City

By: Sakreen Hasan

Page No : 291-303

Abstract
Agra city area is basically a water scarce region. The total water demand for Agra city for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes, was increased during past decade, is likely to increase in future, due to various factors such as growth of population, rapid urbanization, an upward looking economy and rising standards of living, etc. The source of water supply in the city is mainly surface water. The river Yamuna is the only surface water source. Due to high pollution level in Yamuna water the demand of drinking water of Agra, could not be met from this source. Groundwater has emerged as an important source of water augmentation for Agra city. In Agra people are mainly depended on bore-well and bottled water for drinking purpose which is increasing day by day. In this paper it is being tried to analyse the depleting ground water, increasing pollution which leads to squeezing of supply of water, increasing demand of bottled water, spending of people on purification of water.

Author :
Sakreen Hasan : Research Scholar, CSRD,SSS, JNU, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.7

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Identification of Landslide-Prone Zones of Mandakini Valley (Central Himalaya) Post-Kedarnath Tragedy (2013)

By: Suman Das , Ashis Kumar Saha

Page No : 304-329

Abstract
Himalayan Terrain is highly susceptible to landslide events triggered by frequent earthquakes and heavy rainfall. In the recent past, cloud burst events are on rising, causing massive loss of life and property, mainly attributed to climate change and extensive anthropogenic activities in the mountain region. Despite the growing scientific and technological advances, it has been difficult to reduce the impact of natural hazards as experienced in case of 2013 Kedarnath Tragedy. The study aimed to identify the potential landslide hazard zone in Mandakini valley by utilizing different types of data including Survey of India toposheet, geological (lithological and structural) maps, IRS-1D, LISS IV multispectral and PAN satellite sensor data and field observations. The processing of multi-geo-datasets was carried out in a raster GIS environment. Data integration was performed using the ordinal scale (qualitative) relative weighting technique to give a Landslide Hazard Index value. The breaks through the equal interval in the landslide Hazard Index frequency curve used to delineate various landslide hazard zonation (LHZ), namely, very low, low, moderate, high and very high zone. Field data on landslides were employed to evaluate and validate the landslide hazard zonation map. It interpreted that the distribution of landslides is largely governed by a combination of geo-environmental conditions like proximity to the thrust zone, and barren or less-vegetated areas. The roles of climate, geology, geomorphology of the valley are also given attention to explain the reasons for the landslide occurrence in June 2013. The study also identifies the changes that occurred in LHZ before and after the disaster over the area. The results of the research may be used as an essential input to landslide disaster management.

Authors :
Suman Das : Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi-100007.
Ashis Kumar Saha : University of Delhi, Delhi School of Economics, Department of Geography, Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.8

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Geospatial Technology Based Geo-Environmental Impact Assessment of Slate Mining Activities

By: Tejpal , M.S. Jaglan , B.S. Chaudhary

Page No : 330-349

Abstract
Environmental impact assessment is nowadays an important aspect of mining operations. Remote sensing data with Geographical Information System (GIS) enable to identification, delineation, and monitoring of pollution sources and affected areas. The objective of this study is to develop an environmental health model for a slate mining site using both satellite data and ground-based information along with GIS techniques. For this purpose, areal expansion of slate mining and their impacts on local environment have been examined using LANDSAT 5 TM and LANDSAT 7 ETM+ data. Both natural (vegetative index and moisture index) and anthropogenic (land use/ cover change) parameters have been computed to assess the slate mines induced environmental degradation. It is revealed that the mining of slate has adversely affected the vegetation cover, moisture content, land use/ land cover and ground water depth. The environmental health of the area surrounding slate mining site has deteriorated significantly between 1989 and 2009 following an upsurge in slate mining activities.

Authors :
Tejpal : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Dyal Singh College, Karnal, Haryana, India-132001.
M.S. Jaglan : Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India-136119.
B.S. Chaudhary : Professor, Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India-136119.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.9

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“Slopes of the Yamuna & Chambal Ravines of Agra District: A Morphogenetic Analysis”

By: Chandra Bhan , Pankaj Kumar

Page No : 350-370

Abstract
Generally, in the evolution of landforms and their slopes, several agents of denudation are involved. But in the development of ravines slopes, the contribution of gully streams alone is far greater than any other agent. Innumerable new slopes are produced by the eroding action of fresh gullies in each rainy season. With time, they increase their lengths and enlarge their drainage areas. Factors of topography, lithology, climate and vegetative cover play insignificant role in the process of slope formation in the study area. All common types of natural slopes are found in the Yamuna & the Chambal ravines of the Agra district. Vertical slopes are most dominant in upper parts of gully basins and at cliffs on river banks, where gully streams end their journey. In the middle portions of basins of large streams, slopes are rectilinear in plan and very steep in gradient. Convexity is poorly developed and generally seen in the upper segments of valley slopes in middle portions of drainage areas. Concavity characterizes high gully banks particularly at the sites of the rotational slumping. For several decades, no appreciable change has been noticed in the morphology of slopes of river cliffs and scarps at gully heads. This fact suggests that dynamic equilibrium exists in the individual slopes or on some of their parts.

Authors :
Chandra Bhan : Former Head, Department of Geography, R.B.S. College, Agra.
Pankaj Kumar : Sr. Geographer, Map Division, O/o the Registrar General, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.10

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Contextualising the Genesis of Geography Department in an Indian University

By: Sarfaraz Alam

Page No : 371-387

Abstract
At present, there are postgraduate departments of geography in over a hundred universities and a large number of colleges in India. It is by no measure a small achievement given the fact that there were only four postgraduate university departments of geography before the independence of the country (Aligarh Muslim University, University of Calcutta, Banaras Hindu University and Allahabad University). How did geography find space in Indian universities? Under what academic milieu of the country did geography enter in Indian universities and colleges? What kind of intellectual exposure that pioneers of geography experienced in their educational trails which led to the development of their love for geography? What motivated them to work fervently for establishing Geography Departments in universities and colleges? Was the development of geography in Indian universities and colleges in any way related to the development of geography in European countries?1 Though several geographers have academically investigated some of these questions (Chatterjee, S. P. 1968, Kapur, Anu 1998, 2002, 2004; Thakur, B. 1994; Singh L. R., 1996), they have provided a rather broad and generalised national-level perspective on the development of geography in India. They have not looked into the circumstances leading to the establishment of specific geography departments. Basing mainly on documentary and literary sources, this article chronicles and analyses the sequence of events leading to the establishment of the Geography Department at Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.)

Author :
Sarfaraz Alam : Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, PIN – 221005, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.11

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Urban Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Gurugram District, Haryana Using Landsat Images

By: Suman Chauhan , Sunil Kumar

Page No : 388-398

Abstract
Land use is directly responsible for changes occurring in the environment. It plays an important role in sustainability linked with socio-economic development since it affects natural resources like soil, vegetation, water resources and biodiversity. Urbanization is a kind of land use which is linked with land cover changes associated with growth of population and economy of a nation. The aim of this study is to extract reliable Land Use/ Land Cover information using secondary data and detection of changes appeared between 1990 to 2017 in Gurugram (erstwhile Gurgaon) district of the Haryana state in Indian sub continent using data collected through Remotes Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. For the purpose of identification as well as demarcation of land use/Land cover we use to classify the satellite imageries which is a challenge before the users due to similarity in land use/ land coverfeatures. The Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) was first applied to Landsat05 imagery of 1990 and Landsat-08 (OLI) imagery of 2011 with a resolution of 30 mts and classified as water bodies, vegetation, agricultural land, others land and built-up area. The study exhibits change in the areas. It shows increase in built-up area, other lands, waterbodies classes, decreasing trend in agricultural land and vegetation cover over the period of twenty seven years.

Authors :
Suman Chauhan : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra-136119.
Sunil Kumar : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2020.40.02.12

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Jan-2019 to Jun-2019

Geospatial and Environmental Challenges Before Geography

By: N.C. Gautam

Page No : 1-10

Author :
N.C. Gautam : Director, Centre for Land Use Management, Hyderabad.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.1

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Public Places and Crime in Delhi: A Study for Crime Prevention through Place Design

By: R. N. Dubey

Page No : 11-34

Abstract 
The incidence of crimes at public places has been cause of concern for local administration and law enforcement authorities. To deal with crimes, the emphasis has been on the law and order. But apart from that there are close relationship between socio-economic and physical environment of a place and crimes. The planning and design of a place play an important role in choosing a place to commit crime by offenders. This work is mainly based on primary data collected through structured questionnaire by interviewing 350 individuals. It includes 10 transit stations located in the localities of different socio-economic and environmental status in Delhi. It examines the relationship between micro-environment and crimes at transit places like railway station/bus stands etc. in Delhi. As per various studies, the transit places have been found most vulnerable for crimes. It has also been found that there is close relationship between the micro-environment of a place and the crime. People believe that most of the crime occurs within 500 meters from the station. The incidence of crimes is high in first half of the night. Crowding, isolated places and vacant plots are potential hotspots for crimes at transit places. Based on detailed inventory of land uses and security arrangement, an existing crime prone place has been mapped and also a perspective plan and designed map have been prepared. Imageries and the Global Positioning System (GPS) have been used for mapping. This study may be useful for the urban planners, criminologist and the local administrators who are engaged in dealing with crimes at public places. 

Authors :
R. N. Dubey
Associate Professor, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.2

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Estimation of Surface Soil Erosion Using Usle Model (Modified) Of Dhupguri Block, Jalpaiguri (West Bengal)

By: Snehasish Saha , Debarshi Ghosh

Page No : 35-56

Abstract
The mountain alluvial tracts of Dooars in North-Bengal receives soil erosion through rain wash and splash hit removal of surface soil along the local slopes is a common case in the study area especially from the elevated terraces for example Redbank and Chamurchi Tea-garden areas composed of high percent of silt and very fine sand that promotes moderate to high rate of infiltration on surface runoff. Fallowing, rotational agricultural practices, gully cuts in the tea gardens, channel avulsion and occasional floods of high frequency etc. have aggravated the occurrence here associated with human interferences in the form of tea plantation and habitations. Field investigation (2015 and 2017) revealed the estimated soil loss of 0. 2-0.5 kgm2-1 year-1 for selected plots over the colluvio-alluvial tracts of the Dooars in Dhupguri CD-block. In the present paper the authors have tried to estimate the soil erosion taking case sites and thereby investigate the soil loss characters using USLE model of Wischmeier and Smith (1962) with site specific modifications. For which collected samples have tested. The speculated achievement of the work is to focus the aspects of necessary remedial strategies to check soil erosion aiming to agronomic development and benefits.

Authors :
Snehasish Saha : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography & Applied Geography, University of North Bengal.
Debarshi Ghosh : Assistant Professor, Dhupguri Girls’ College.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.3

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Analysis of the Zonal Variation in Means of Irrigation in Jammu Province of Jammu & Kashmir State

By: Shashi Prabha

Page No : 57-69

Abstract
India is primarily an agricultural country. About 70% of Indian population is employed in agricultural sector for their livelihood. The agricultural practices can grow and contribute up to optimum level when the different infrastructural facilities are timely available to the farming community. The rainfall pattern in the country is not uniform and requirement of water for different cropping season are fulfilled by different means of irrigation which includes, canals, tanks, wells, borewells, sprinklers etc. It is one of the most important agricultural input along with seeds, fertilizers, plant protection, machinery and credit. The timely and proper requirement of water for the crops ensures the higher yield and it is through the stable higher production from the agrarian sector that a sustainable development is possible. The dependence of farmers over the different means of irrigation is one of the important socio-economic and institutional indicator which enables to understand the status of farming families of a particular region. The present study aims to examine the dependence of farming respondents on the means of irrigation over the six different agroecological zones selected from Jammu province. The variations recorded in means of irrigation over the agro-ecological zones would help to understand the spatial variations in the use of means of irrigation in agriculture. The responses recorded would help to understand the dependence of different means in irrigation. The attempt would help to identify the zones performing weak so far as the use of canals, tanks, tubes, bore well etc. are concerned.

Author :
Shashi Prabha :  Assistant Professor, Dept. of Geography, University of Jammu.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.4

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An Assessment of Infrastructural Facilities in Slums of Bhopal City

By: Archana Sen , Srabani Sanyal

Page No : 70-80

Abstract
Around the world 2.5 billion people live in urban slums which are typically overcrowded, polluted and lack basic services (UN-Habitat, 2014). Slum population in India stands at 65 million (Census, 2011). There are 380 slums in Bhopal city with 4.91 lakh (27.38%) slum population. The paper attempts to study spatial distribution of slums, assess the status of infrastructure and highlight health status in Bhopal city. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The interview schedule is filled by 460 households from 23 sampled slums based on 10 parameters. It is found that out of 23 sampled slums, 5 slums namely Nai Basti, Mother India, Roshanpura, Bheem Nagar and Bapu Colony are extremely poor. To improve the condition of slums Bhopal Municipal Corporation has to take serious effort to upgrade slums and rehabilitate the slum dwellers living in objectionable areas.

Authors :
Archana Sen : Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Planning & Economic Growth, Barkatullah University.
Srabani Sanyal : Corresponding Author, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.5

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Urbanization in India: A Commentary On Criteria and Contradictions

By: Arun Kumar Singh

Page No : 81-96

Abstract
India’s diversity and multicultural identity is well reflected in its pattern of urbanisation and its inter regional and intra regional urban variation. To some extent, Census criteria and the discretionary powers given to the state authority for identifying any settlement as urban place is responsible for this pattern. This paper intends to highlight the issues related to criteria and contradictions taking into consideration two geographic regions (Mizoram and North East Bihar) with different physical features, climatic conditions, cultural traits and economic characteristics. Data have been collected from secondary sources like Census publications, District Census Handbooks, District Statistical Handbooks and relevant literatures. Data collected have been processed, analyzed and depicted using statistical and cartographic techniques.

Author :
Arun Kumar Singh : Professor of Geography, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.6

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Investigating the Spatial Variation of Deprivation in Kolkata Municipal Corporation Area, India

By: Jaydip De

Page No : 97-115

Abstract
Applying a set of uniquely designed multidimensional indices (modified after De, 2017) the present study analyses the nature, extent and spatial pattern of deprivation in one hundred forty-one wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). Information relating social, economic and physical condition of houses obtained from Census of India, 2011 document are the foundation of this study. This analysis principally deal with questions like How far the deprivation prevails in reality? What are its actual dimensions? Do they follow similar tendencies? Do the metropolis dwellers too face deprivation? The paper discloses the prevalence of wide spatial variation in household deprivation within the KMC area. Although there is no welldefined pattern, some wards adjacent to Kolkata port and Eastern Metropolitan bypass are found to be more deprived than the others. This synthetic assessment provides a systematic tool to pinpoint the spatial variation in access to amenities and highlights the inability of the urban administration to establish justice in local governance.

Author :
Jaydip De : UGC-Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.7

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Assessment of Dug Well Water Quality a Case Study of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh (India)

By: Sanjib Pramanik , K.N. Prasad , N.K. Baghmar

Page No : 116-128

Abstract
Dug-wells, an important means of obtaining groundwater, contribute about 80 per cent of irrigation water and 90 per cent of drinking water supply in India. The source of groundwater is rainfall; rain water percolates through aquifers (i.e. porous rocks) and gets accumulated over the hard rocks below the earth surface largely during the monsoon. So, the quality of dug-wells water is undoubtedly pure. But high use of chemicals in households, in agriculture fields, at industrial sites, increasing dumping areas, volume of garbage and weathering of rocks, and massive deforestation all have contributed enormously towards decline of ground water quality. Keeping this in mind, physic-chemical parameters of dug-wells water for pre- and postmonsoon periods of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh (India) has been chosen for investigation. A total of 20 water samples have been collected separately for pre- and post- monsoon periods. EI make Delux Water and Soil Analysis Kit Model 191 and Systronics Flame Photometer have been used to determine TDS, Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Turbidity, Sodium and Potassium.
The study reveals that TDS, Conductivity, Salinity, pH, Turbidity, Na and K (physico-chemical parameters) in dug-well water during pre- monsoon period is slightly higher than that of the post-monsoon period. TDS shows high positive correlation with conductivity and also with salinity. Conductivity of dug-wells water has exceeded the permissible limit, and is, therefore, not suitable for drinking. Coefficient of variation of Turbidity is extremely high in both the periods. Thus, one concludes that dug-wells water quality of the Raipur City has got deteriorated, and is very harmful for drinking.

Authors :
Sanjib Pramanik :  SoS in Geography, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur.
K.N. Prasad : Govt. Digvijay (Auto.) College, Rajnandgaon.
N.K. Baghmar : Govt. Digvijay (Auto.) College, Rajnandgaon.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.8

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Classification of Urban Landuse and Land Cover (Lulc) of Nashik City (Panchavati Division) in Maharashtra (India)

By: Vinayak B. Kale

Page No : 129-137

Abstract
Urbanization is the global phenomena of this century. Sudden changes of land use and land cover (LULC) in urban areas have become a major issue due to artificial causes such as reduction of green spaces and development of urban heat islands. Monitoring and management plans are required to solve these problems effectively. Land use is the function or functions that humans apply to the land available to them. Land use depend on how governance regulate and control it. This paper purposively selected the area of Panchavati of Nashik city which is the fast developing part of the city. Researcher has tried to classify the urban land use land cover of Nashik City in Panchavati Division. The area statistics of Land Use/ Land Cover classes of an area is very important for future development.

Author :
Vinayak B. Kale :  Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, KTHM College, Gangapur Road, Shivaji Nagar, Nashik, Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra – 422002, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.9

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Directions of Urban Growth: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Lucknow City

By: Upendra Bhai Patel , B.L. Teli , K.C. Purohit

Page No : 138-157

Abstract
Urban growth refers to the physical expansion of the cities and towns due to population growth and migration which is called urbanization. It is a global phenomenon in developing countries like India, where the population is over one billion, we can say one-sixth of the world’s population. This type of growth is affected agriculture land and also surrounding habitation. So many cities formulated development plans. Geographers, planners, scientists require information about to the population growth rate, pattern and extent of expansion of city. In the lacking of this type of information, most of the growth areas lacking of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities. This study represents the sprawling of the Lucknow city has led to the change land use at the urban fringe and the surrounding rural hinterland since many years ago. The population growth in the core area of the city finally resulted in out migration of population from city centre at the urbanrural fringe. The land use and land cover change is a natural process and cannot be stopped but it can be controlled to minimize the harmful impacts of urban growth on environment and resources. Physical expansion and pattern of growth can be detected with the help of ancillary and temporal data.

Authors :
Upendra Bhai Patel, B.L. Teli and K.C. Purohit
Dept. of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University) Pauri Campus, Pauri (Uttarakhand) - 246001.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.01.10

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Book Review
Development Of Geographical Thought: Contextualisation and Synthesis Of Philosophies

By: ..

Page No : 159-161

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Jul-2019 to Dec-2019

Agricultural Development and Environmental Issues in India

By: M. H. Qureshi

Page No : 163-173

Abstract
Indian rural people have practised agriculture for centuries and developed their traditional knowledge and capacities in different regions to produce grains and sustain. They selected their cropping pattern on the basis of their traditional observation of weather conditions. Sayings of Ghagh Kavi are very popular in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Technology induced development of agriculture is a recent phenomena. We talk about social as well as economic development. Economic development is not class neutral creates disparity as the technological inputs are not available to all alike. Some get benefitted more than some other segments of the society. There is no zero level environmental degradation once the process of development is initiated in an area in response to development policy. The paper deals with the elaboration of the concept of development taking example from some sectors of the economy such as the scenario in agricultural development in India.

Author : 
M.H. Qureshi : Formerly Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, J.N.U. New Delhi-110067.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.1

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Pressure, State, Response in A Growing Metropolis – A Case of Hyderabad City Region

By: S. Padmaja , Kaushalya Ramachandran

Page No : 174-189

Abstract
The growing cities are a concern to mankind as they exert enormous pressure on natural resources resulting in environmental degradation. It is speculated that more than 50% of population will live in cities by 2050. In this context the studies on growing cities is of paramount importance to not only researchers but also urban planners. The present paper highlights the pressure, state and response (PSR model) of Hyderabad city region with a view to analyse the present state of urban land use along with suburban rural land use. A few concerns are raised with respective to sustainable urban growth which can be amalgamated into urban planning process.

Authors :
S. Padmaja : Professor Emeritus, Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad
Kaushalya Ramachandran : National Fellow, CRIDA, ICAR, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.2

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Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Crime in India, 1991-2011

By: Ritvik Chauhan , Vijay Kumar Baraik

Page No : 190-211

Abstract
There is hardly any crime free society and the history of crime may be traced back to the time as old as the history of human civilization. It affects the smooth and peaceful progress of any society. There are many factors to induce crime varying from physical/environmental to socio-cultural, political, economic, historical, technological, crowding, and also family and individual as many scholars suggest. Moreover, globalization and technological advancements have also led to the changing nature of crimes as it is supposed to be influenced by the different stages of development of human society and is defined and redefined with changing context. India is a diverse country in terms of physical, ethnic, linguistic and religious features. Therefore, it is assumed that the spatial nature of crime also varies over space in India due to vast physical, socio-cultural and economic diversities. This paper attempts to study the spatio-temporal pattern of crimes in India using state level data obtained from the National Crimes Records Bureau, Government of India for the years 1991, 2001 and 2011 with an attempt to see causality with associated factors. The results show that there are wide spatiotemporal variations but no direct and uniform associations with correlates across the states.

Authors :
Ritvik Chauhan : PhD Research Scholar, Geography Discipline, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi
Vijay Kumar Baraik :  Associate Professor of Geography, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.3

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Land Use Changes in Ghazipur District (Uttar Pradesh): A Geographical Analysis

By: Vineet Kumar Rai , Gayarti Rai

Page No : 212-230

Abstract
Land is the basic, fixed and limited resource in nature. Land plays the key role in the determination of man’s economic activities as well as social, cultural and political progress. All agricultural, animal and forestry productions depend on the quality and productivity of the land. The entire terrestrial eco-system which comprises of soil, water, air, plant and mineral are survived on the land resource. It meets the demand of food, energy and other needs of livelihood. Land use refers the sectoral utilization of a unit of available land in a given time. The proper utilization of the land enables economic development in a region. However, land use changes are increasingly recognized as major factors of global environmental change. The land utilization needs to have general frame work of strategic and effective management and analysis of their characteristics and also used for development planning in the study area. The total area of Ghazipur District (U.P.) is 330085 hectare in (2005), out of which forest area covered (1.29%), barren cultivable waste land (1.15%), present fallow land (4.67%), other fallow land (1.03%), barren uncultivable land (0.92%), land put to nonagricultural use (13.28%), pastures land (0.24%), area under bush, forest and garden (1.00%) and net area sown (76.42%). However some categories value are up and down which stand in (2015) 330461 hectare, in which forest area reported about (0.04%), barren cultivable waste land (0.93%), present fallow land (4.06%), other fallow land (1.06%), barren uncultivable land(0.89%), land put to non-agricultural use (14.72%), pastures (0.19%) area under bush, forest and garden (1.02%) and net area sown (77.08%).

Authors :
Vineet Kumar Rai : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
Gayatri Rai : Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.4

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An Assessment of Land Transformation Due To Urban Sprawl in Unnao Town, Uttar Pradesh

 

By: Roohi Fatma , Vandana Kumari Chauhan

Page No : 231-239

Abstract
Urbanization is not a new concept or issue in the world. As it is known that the motivation and processes involved in the establishment of the very first town are largely a matter of speculation. A necessary precondition must have the prevailing of a prosperous, settled agricultural economy to enable the production of food for storage to support urban population. This process of urbanization is increasing with accelerating rate continuously with the industrial revolution and coming out new technologies. With the industrial revolution, good transport network for movement of goods and people and new technology together accelerate the rate of urbanization which raise the issue of urban sprawl. The standard definition for urban sprawl is not an easy task because it still in debate. Different people give many definitions of sprawl from different perspectives. In oxford dictionary it has been defined as “the disorganized and unattractive expansion of an urban or industrial area into the adjoining country side”. The European Environment Agency (EEA) has described sprawl as the physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas, under market conditions, mainly into the surrounding agricultural areas. Bhatta (2010) says that it is characterized by unplanned and uneven pattern of growth, driven by multitude of processes and leading to in efficient resource utilization. Urban sprawl means more growth than the usual and what makes it different from growth is this excessive nature. Cities tend to growth and planned growth is reached while there is an appropriate proportion between urban growth and urban organism. But when the growth is more than usual, its pressure on the boundaries, city will face new major problems (S. Habibi, et al, 2011). Downs (1999) believes that sprawl does not mean every kind of growth and it has a definite form that can be introduced as unlimited outward extension of development, low density residential and commercial settlements, leapfrog development, fragmentation of powers over land use among many small localities, dominance of transportation by private automotive vehicles, lack of centralized planning or control of land uses, widespread strip commercial development, great fiscal disparities among localities, segregation of types of land use in different zones, and reliance on the trickle-down or filtering process to provide housing to low-income households.

Authors :
Roohi Fatma : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. College for Girls, Sect.-14 Gurugram.
Vandana Kumari Chauhan : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Govt. College for Girls, Sect.-14 Gurugram.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.5

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Decentralization of Water Resource Management: Issues and Perspectives Involving Private and Community Initiatives in Darjeeling Town, West Bengal

By: Ashish Chhetri , Lakpa Tamang

Page No : 240-255

Abstract
The paper is an attempt on the study revolving the issue of water crisis and the relevance of decentralised water management system involving private and community initiatives in Darjeeling town. A thorough study of different springs located in various wards of Darjeeling Municipality have been conducted through field study during 2016-17, analyzing and assessing different parameters that govern the water supply system in the region. It is observed that owing to the failure of the centralised water supply system, majority of the residents have opted to private and community based decentralised mode of water supply system undergoing adaptation, negotiation and compromise. In case of private ventures, a study of five wards having maximum number of privately owned springs were selected and the case study of two Samaj (community based organisation) have been taken for our study. It is evident in the study that privatization of water distribution has brought an efficient trend in water supply while the Samaj led initiative has maintained water equity and justice garnering the total population of the community.

Authors :
Ashish Chhetri : Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700073, India
Lakpa Tamang : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700073, India.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.6

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Zone of Influence of Cities: Random Analysis of Rural Periphery of Mumbai and Bangalore

By: Surya Tewari

Page No : 256-277

Abstract
The paper is an attempt to understand the influence of urban area on its rural periphery using the random sampling method. Though the study of urban influence has been taken up by geographers for long, it is based on voluminous sets of data. The paper uses two random axes and records the village data of all the villages falling on these axes. This model is used to bring out the characteristics of rural periphery of Mumbai and Bangalore during the 1991 and 2001 census years. The two census years have been chosen so as to capture the nuances of the New Economic Policy that was introduced in 1991. This method avoids the use of large sets of data in delineating and understanding the fringe attributes. Data has been procured from Census of India. While a pair of random numbers is used in drawing random axes using the systematic sampling method, scatter diagrams have been constructed to analyse the rural periphery. The paper contributes to the theory and practice of urban fringe management.

Author :
Surya Tewari : Assistant Professor, Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi – 110070.
 

DOI : ttps://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.7

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Integrated Land Use Planning for Development of Salekasa Taluka, Gondia District, Maharashtra

By: Jyoti S. Rokde , Arun Chaturvedi

Page No : 278-292

Abstract
Salekasa taluka has 41.23% area suitable for agriculture. The multiple criteria analysis reveals that 21.18 per cent of the taluka has the capacity for double cropping. 12.29% can also be used for double cropping but will require higher level of input. Salekasa taluka has 3.81% area under Rainfed-Single crop/animal Husbandry/Dairy under moderate cropping land but limited in versatility. Rainfed-Single Crop/Animal Husbandry has 8.15 per cent area under moderate cropping land. Kharif Paddy/Animal Husbandry/NTFP has 6.30 per cent area and it is little suitable for agriculture. Rainfed Paddy/ NTFP/ Animal Husbandry have 11.70 per cent area, which is marginally suitable for agriculture. In Salekasa taluka 38.49 per cent area is under dense forest, of which 4.21 per cent area has severely degraded forest which needs immediate attention. Afforestation and gap filling is the best way to conserve the soil and the forest. In Salekasa taluka 4.71 per cent area is under waste and scrub land. Silvi-pasture is one of the alternatives land-use system is available for improving the fodder resources of the taluka. In Salekasa taluka, Salekasa, Amgaon Kh., Bhajepar and Chand suraj village has area (1.11%) having good suitability for market and industrial development. Salekasa taluka has 0.17% area having good scope in reference to tourist place. Taluka has 2.89 per cent area under water body these water bodies can be used for irrigation as well as fish production.

Authors : 
Jyoti S. Rokde : RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur.  
Arun Chaturvedi : National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.8

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Social Sustainability and Urban Governance: A Comparative Study of Hyderabad and Jaipur

By: Vikas Sehra , Milap Punia

Page No : 293-310

Abstract
Concept of “sustainability” has garnered universal system wide support. Its concern for balancing the needs of current and future generation has majorly leaned towards technical consensus. Conceptualization of sustainability stands on tripod of economy, environment and society and many scholars agree with its capacity to comprehensively engage with them, but the societal aspect has remained least examined. The Present paper takes up social sustainability as vantage point for engagement with urban governance and argues for need to make the sustainability concept more than a “empty signifier” and grow out of its post political tendencies. Comparative case study of Hyderabad and Jaipur are taken as background to develop these arguments. In investigating social sustainability, study follows livelihood approach that includes social, human, financial and physical aspect for a holistic analysis. To assess urban governance, it presumes that, good governance will be reflected in provision of basic amenities. Study helps to identify poor and high performing municipal wards. Results show a pattern of peripheralization of the social sustainability and urban governance in cities, along with intra and intercity disparity and characteristic clustering of poor performing wards. The study contributes by bringing forth the failure of technical conceptualization of sustainability in engaging with governance institutions to deliver better quality of life. It concludes that for disrobing sustainability of its post political carapace, it needs to veer towards its societal conceptualization and must reengage as dialogues of diverse narratives.

Authors :
Vikas Sehra :  PhD Research Scholar, Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
Milap Punia : Professor, Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.9

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Urban Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System — A Case Study of Delhi Region, India
 

By: Ashwani Kumar Awasthi , Umakant Rawat

Page No : 311-319

Abstract
Urbanization is one of the most widespread anthropogenic causes of the loss of arable land, habitat destruction, and the decline in natural vegetation cover. The present study is aimed at assessing the urbanization in Delhi over the period of 19 years (1992-2010) using remote sensing technology and spatial functionalities technique in Geographical Information System (GIS). Remote sensing data provide valuable and moreover spatio-temporal data on the processes and patterns of LULC change, and GIS is useful for mapping and analyzing these patterns. In this study I explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of urban expansion and LULC change of Delhi from 1992 to 2010.

Authors :
Ashwani Kumar Awasthi and Umakant Rawat
Research Scholar, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Distt-Satna (M.P.)
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2019.39.02.10

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Bhoogol Vachaspati Awards 2015

By: ..

Page No : 321-351

Price: 251

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Book Review
The Vulnerable Andaman And Nicobar Islands : A Study Of Disaster And Response
Reviewed By Professor Sudesh Nangi
 

By: ..

Page No : 353-355

Price: 251

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Jan-2018 to Jul-2018

Big Data - Small Area Impact On Geography

By: Prithvish Nag

Page No : 1-9

Author :
Prithvish Nag : Vice-Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.1

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Understanding City Floods

By: Ramachandran H , Kalaiarasan A

Page No : 10-25

Abstract
This study with empirical evidence attempts to illustrate the factors causing floods in Chennai, Tamil Nadu during December 2015 and January 2016. The factors that caused such large scale floods are not unique to Chennai, but apply to most city floods, whether in Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad or other large cities. The study, thus, argues, beside the unprecedented rain, encroachment of river beds and water bodies as the main factors that contribute to the floods. The study further maps the processes such as the regulatory changes in town planning and zoning violations that led such encroachment. The authors point out that many states have no regulations relating to construction activities along the river courses. The study also offers policy measures both preventive and curative to deal with city floods in India.

Authors :
Ramachandran H : Professor, Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, New Delhi
Kalaiarasan A : Assistant Professor, ,Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, New Delhi.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.2

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Land Degradation Study of a Part of Eastern Chotanagpur Plateau, India

By: Avijit Mahala , Padmini Pani

Page No : 26-40

Abstract
Land Degradation indicates the destruction and decline of global ecosystem’s health. The study primarily related to status of land degradation of Silabati River basin which lies in eastern Chotanagpur. The present river basin is the representative of an area between Archean geology dominated in western parts of Chotanagpur plateau and recent alluvial deposited Ganga river basin in east. After originating in Chotanagpur plateau, Silabati River flows through plateau fringe of undulating surface. It flows through the western ‘Rarh’1 areas of West Bengal. This is also one of the intense agriculture dependent population area of eastern India. Land degradation status is observed by overlaying the different physical (geomorphology, soil, geology etc.) as well as anthropogenic (LULC change, population pressure, forest cover, irrigation etc.) components. All of the factors have weightage with a certain value in relation the vulnerability of the land degradation. After that different factors weightage rasters have multiplied by raster calculator. The multiplied raster helps to identify different land degradation classes with different vulnerability. The upper course of basin which is characterised by undulating topography, less fertile soil, high water erosion is more vulnerable to degradation. Whereas, anthropogenic factors related land degradation dominates lower reaches.

Authors :
Avijit Mahala :  Research Scholar, Center for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, 110067
Padmini Pani : Associate Professor, Center for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, 110067.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.3

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Urbanization and Groundwater Supply in Barddhaman Municipality, Barddhaman, West Bengal

By: Mahamaya Laha

Page No : 41-59

Abstract
Barddhaman, the district headquarters of Barddhaman district, West Bengal was once developed by Burdwan Rajas amidst the surrounding fertile agricultural tract as an agricultural market town. But now its growing service sector invites bulk of migrants and commuters to the town. The Municipality supplies 56 lakh litres of groundwater per day, but it’s inadequate to meet the need of 3 lakh inhabitants and lakhs of floating population to the town daily. Educational facilities of university and colleges, medical facilities of hospitals and nursing homes, marketing facilities and above all excellent transport facility of the town by rail and road network connecting the rural hinterland and urban- industrial regions of Kolkata, Asansol and Durgapur enlure people of surrounding districts to migrate here. So vertical expansion of the town and rising demands for water from domestic and commercial sectors are supposed to put pressure on the town’s water resource and this may cause water crisis in the town in future.

Author :
Mahamaya Laha : Assistant Professor, Netaji Mahavidyalaya, Arambagh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.4

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Geospatial Analysis of Health Facilities in Urban Areas (A Case Study of Dehradun City)

By: Upendra Bhai Patel , B.L. Teli

Page No : 60-71

Abstract
Human resource is always of immense support for a developing country like India. Even though our country is saturated with 121 crore population, not many are overlooking the safer life of an individual, and GIS is as an advanced decision making tool, could help in better need based planning for the healthcare services that would result in high impact interventions not just at the national level but also at the district and block levels. This study will be pointed out that the knowledge gap needs to be addressed which would mean GIS sensitization of management till the panchayat level and capacity building to ensure availability of technical manpower.
Nowadays, time is considered as valuable as gold. Once time is used sensibly, access to a lot of opportunities is possible. People, who want to go to Hospitals/Clinics in different places as patient, may need to have some information about those places (Hospitals/Clinics). Determining the shortest routes to the healthcare places from their accommodations will be both timesaving and economical. Geographical Information System (GIS) Technologies provide us with these possibilities. But transportation of a patient to hospital in emergency seems quite simple but in reality it is pretty difficult during peak hours. A significant operation for the handling of emergency incidents is the routing of responding vehicles to incident sites and then to the closest appropriate hospitals. GIS technology can support emergency responders to provide efficient response in quick response time through solving the steering problems.
The study was carried out on Dehradun city, where there are an optimum healthcare facilities with a large inflow of men/women and tourist both foreign and domestic. GIS Database was created using Cartosat-1 & LISS-IV satellite data and ancillary information. GIS based Network analysis was carried out by taking advantages of GIS possibilities for healthcare facilities. Shortest path in terms of time and length were carried out using Network Analyst of ArcGIS. ArcGIS Server was used for configuring, publishing and web services application. Assessment of wards which lack in higher order hospitals was carried out.

Authors :
Upendra Bhai Patel and B.L. Teli
Dept. of Geography, School of Earth Sciences. HNB Garhwal University (A Central University) BGR Campus Pauri. Pauri -Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246001.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.5

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Role of Geography in Sustenance of Pre-Historic Settlements in Karnataka, India

By: Hema Thakur

Page No : 72-88

Abstract 
Ancient settlements beginning from pre-historic period have been found spread nearly all over Karnataka. The geographical factors and environmental setting help in understanding the settlement pattern and resource base which may have supported human settlements through centuries. The distribution and exploitation of geographical resources have influenced human colonies and determined the way in which they have concentrated in “zones” and “sub-zones” from the neolithic-chalcolithic period, through the megalithic ultimately leading to the establishment of early historic settlements. In this paper human settlements and the contribution of geographical factors have been discussed. The territory of Karnataka where Kannada was spoken as a common language was roughly fixed by the twelfth century. Karnataka has borders with more than one state. The state of Maharashtra adjoins northern Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh and east Karnataka have a common border. Though these neighbouring states have some common features with Karnataka, it is the rivers which bring them close to each other as some of the important rivers originate in adjoining states and flow in Karnataka or vice-versa. The drainage of Karnataka is dependent on three main rivers - Krishna on the north, the Kaveri on the south, the two Pennars (North Pennar and the South Pennar) and the Palar on the east. Rivers have always been very crucial and they have supported human habitation since prehistoric period. Karnataka has also been endowed with minerals and useful rocks. These natural resources encouraged human habitation and this is made evident by the archaeological remains including structures which have been found nearly all over Karnataka and for almost all the historical periods.

Author :
Hema Thakur : Research Scholar, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.6

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Growth Performance of Agriculture in The Tribal Dominated Dungarpur District of Rajasthan

By: Devendra Singh Chouhan

Page No : 89-99

Abstract
The agriculture sector of the tribal dominated district of Dungarpur is passing through a dynamic phase in the recent era of development. It provides 77% of employment opportunities for the working population of the district. The present paper extensively evaluates the performance and progress of the district agriculture since 1981-82. Besides comparing facts and figures, we also examined the sources of agricultural growth and disparity of Dungarpur district. The Paper also finds out determinates of agriculture production by using regression and verifies the result of decomposition of agricultural growth. This paper covered the period during 1981-82, 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12. In this paper, changes in the whole scenario of district agriculture over the period of time and sources of agricultural growth by cropping pattern, output growth, input pattern, cropping intensity, variation of agriculture growth and factors affecting agriculture development have been discussed.

Author :
Devendra Singh Chouhan : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, M.L.S. University, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.7

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The Effect of University-Industry Linkages and their Geographical Proximity to the Growth of Software Industry in India

By: Akshaya Kapoor

Page No : 100-119

Abstract
In future, the growth of software industry in India will depend on the way it handles its university-industry linkages. For India to move from an outsourcing destination, with respect to the software industry, to becoming a strong leader in the world, these linkages will play a key role. This paper tends to examine how far this prediction is true if it is. This paper analyze the effect of geographical proximity to relationship between universities and software firms and also throw some light on the state of University-Industry linkages in India. This paper then suggests that University-Industry linkages have a positive impact on software industry and there exists a positive correlation between geographical proximity and the efficacy of these linkages. In the end, this paper makes the case that building technical institutes or universities within the software parks or clusters can greatly enhance the innovation capacity of the software industry, this, in turn, can improve the industry’s growth and development.

Author : 
Akshaya Kapoor : Research Student at Maharishi Arvind University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.8

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Estimation of Noise Pollution in the Hill Town Srinagar (Uttarakhand): A Geographical Study

By: Mohan Panwar , Sristi Thapliyal

Page No : 120-136

Abstract
Mountain towns are known for tourism and ecotourism. These towns have a fragile environment as they suffer from a lot of population pressure. Any kind of disturbance in these areas has an adverse effect on the people. Srinagar is a mountain town falling in the pilgrimage route. Due to its central location in the pilgrimage route during the yatra season, the tourist flow increases and with the result the local people as well as the tourists suffer from the negative impacts of noise pollution. Noise pollution affects the environment as well as the health of people too. The present study is an attempt to estimate the traffic noise pollution in Srinagar town and also suggests preventive measures. Noise pollution has become a nuisance in today’s urban areas. Traffic noise is the biggest source of noise pollution. Even though the Central Pollution Control Board has come out with strict regulations, people still suffer from this problem.

Authors:
Mohan Panwar : Associate professor, Dept. of Geography, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar.
Sristi Thapliyal : Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.9

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Spatial Patterns of Crop Concentration and Diversification : Its Impacts on Food Security in Chhattisgarh

By: Anusuiya Baghel , S K Nasib Ahmad , Girdhar Sahu

Page No : 137-155

Abstract
Spatial pattern of crop concentration and diversification in Chhattisgarh have been studied in the paper. Crop concentration index and diversification index are measured using Bhatia’s (1956) method. All 27 districts have been included to explain the spatial pattern of crop concentration and diversification scenario of Chhattisgarh. The crops having more than 1.8 % area to the total crops are considered for crop concentration index. In this way, eight crops are included for the study and paddy holds first rank in all the districts of Chhattisgarh. Rest of the five crops and two crops hold second and third ranks respectively. In this way, eight crops are first, second and third ranking crops. Maximum paddy concentration has been found in eastern part of middle Chhattisgarh plain (Mahanadi Sheonath doab, trans Mahanadi track and Raipur upland) where paddy concentration index is more than 1.1. Gram concentration has been observed in few districts of Chhattisgarh and this concentration (above 1) is noticed in western Maikal range is characterized by black soil. The spatial pattern of teora concentration is like the paddy concentration. High teora concentration is found in the plain of central Chhattisgarh. High concentration of Soyabean and wheat have also been found in western Maikal region. Maize and urad concentrations are high in Surguja Raigarh highland of north and Bastar plateau of south in Chhattisgarh where paddy concentration is least. These north and southern regions of Chhattisgarh are characterized by rough terrain. Kodo concentration is high in those areas where paddy cultivation is difficult. The spatial pattern of kodo concentration is just like the opposite of paddy concentration. Maximum kodo concentration has been found in Dantewada district having the index of 11. Insecurity has been found in one-third districts of this state in respect of food grains.

Authors :
Anusuiya Baghel : Professor, School of Studies in Geography, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur
S K Nasib Ahmad : Research Scholar, School of Studies in Geography, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur
Girdhar Sahu : Research Scholar, School of Studies in Geography, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.10

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“Neighbourhood Environment: Assessing and Mapping of Vulnerable Neighbourhoods of Azamgarh City for Planning”

By: Saleha Jamal : , Uzma Ajmal

Page No : 156-174

Abstract
Vulnerability has arisen as a complex theme of research in environmental studies and assessing vulnerability has become a real concern in developing countries. A neighbourhood has been determined as an essential physical unit in planning because of its environmental comprehensiveness. An adequate environment with its appropriate plans and services is believed to cherish a healthier society, which can be achieved through identification of vulnerable neighbourhood environment and its proper planning. Understanding neigh[1]bourhood environmental problems and identifying vulnerable units can play an important role in environmental improvement and comprehensive planning at local levels. In the present study an attempt has been made to study neighbourhood environmental problems in different neighbourhoods in order to identify and map vulnerable neighbourhoods of Azamgarh City. Important factors that have contributed to rise of environmental vulnerability (development of slums to high risk and hazardous areas, lack of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities, overcrowding, lack of infrastructure facilities etc.) were taken under consideration. For identification of vulnerable neigh[1]bourhoods in Azamgarh City, different wards are grouped into different neighbourhoods on the basis of income, population and density. Neighbour[1]hood Environmental conditions of each neighbourhood such as drainage conditions, water logging, accumulation of solid waste, water supply and quality, overcrowding, air and noise pollution etc. has been assessed for the identification of vulnerable neighbourhoods of Azamgarh City. Finally suggestions have been provided for proper planning.

Authors :
Saleha Jamal : Assistant Professor, Department of Geography. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Uzma Ajmal : Research Scholar, Department of Geography. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/ATNAGI.2018.38.01.11

Price: 251

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Book Reviews
Climate Change and Natural Resources: A Study of Indian Desert— by H.S. Sharma
Reviewed by Prof. M.N. Koul

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Page No : 175-178

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Book Review
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Reviewed by Surya Kant

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Page No : 179-180

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